scholarly journals Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance in Bimetal Materials of Q345 and 308 Steel Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1401
Author(s):  
Qingxian Hu ◽  
Xiaoli Wang ◽  
Xinwang Shen ◽  
Zemin Tan
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Single Wire ◽  
Metallurgical Bonding ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

The microstructure and corrosion resistance of samples fabricated by Q345 and 308 bimetallic feedings using two kinds of processes of wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) was observed and compared with that of sample manufactured by a single feeding wire of Q345 or 308. The results show that the interface between the Q345 and 308 had no defects and metallurgical bonding. The hardness of bimetal Q345/308 additive manufacturing samples was higher than that of Q345 or 308 single wire additive manufacturing. The sample made of Q345 single wire had serious electrochemical corrosion, while the sample made of 308 single wire had pitting corrosion. The pitting corrosion of the sample reinforced by bimetal Q345/308 feeding wires was improved.

Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Ni-Cu Alloy Fabricated through Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

2021 ◽  
pp. 131262
Author(s):  
A. Rajesh Kannan ◽  
S. Mohan Kumar ◽  
R. Pramod ◽  
N. Siva Shanmugam ◽  
M. Vishnukumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

scholarly journals Environmental Behavior of Low Carbon Steel Produced by a Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Process

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron ◽  
Levy ◽  
Dolev ◽  
Leon ◽  
Shirizly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Environmental Behavior ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Corrosion Performance ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

: Current additive manufacturing (AM) processes are mainly focused on powder bed technologies, such as electron beam melting (EBM) and selective laser melting (SLM). However, the main disadvantages of such techniques are related to the high cost of metal powder, the degree of energy consumption, and the sizes of the components, that are limited by the size of the printing cell. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the environmental behavior of low carbon steel (ER70S-6) produced by a relatively inexpensive AM process using wire feed arc welding. The mechanical properties were examined by tension testing and hardness measurements, while microstructure was assessed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. General corrosion performance was evaluated by salt spray testing, immersion testing, potentiodynamic polarization analysis, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Stress corrosion performance was characterized in terms of slow strain rate testing (SSRT). All corrosion tests were carried out in 3.5% NaCl solution at room temperature. The results indicated that the general corrosion resistance of wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) samples were quite similar to those of the counterpart ST-37 steel and the stress corrosion resistance of both alloys was adequate. Altogether, it was clearly evident that the WAAM process did not encounter any deterioration in corrosion performance compared to its conventional wrought alloy counterpart.

scholarly journals Additive Manufacturing with Superduplex Stainless Steel Wire by CMT Process

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin Lervåg ◽  
Camilla Sørensen ◽  
Andreas Robertstad ◽  
Bård M. Brønstad ◽  
Bård Nyhus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Crack Tip Opening Displacement ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Σ Phase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

For many years, the oil and gas industry has utilized superduplex stainless steels due to their high strength and excellent corrosion resistance. Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) was used with superduplex filler wire to create walls with different heat input. Due to the multiple heating and cooling cycles during layer deposition, brittle secondary phases may form such as intermetallic sigma (σ) phase. By inspecting deposited walls within wide range of heat inputs (0.40–0.87 kJ/mm), no intermetallic phases formed due to low inter-pass temperatures used, together with the high Ni content in the applied wire. Lower mechanical properties were observed with high heat inputs due to low ferrite volume fraction, precipitation of Cr nitrides and formation of secondary austenite. The walls showed good toughness values based on both Charpy V-notch and CTOD (crack tip opening displacement) testing.

scholarly journals Studies on the Corrosion Resistance of Laser-Welded Inconel 600 and Inconel 625 Nickel-Based Superalloys

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 653-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Łyczkowska ◽  
J. Michalska
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Inconel 625 ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Corrosion Tests ◽  
Inconel 600 ◽  
Good Corrosion Resistance

Abstract The paper presents the results of the electrochemical corrosion tests of Inconel 600 and Inconel 625 laser-welded superalloys. The studies were conducted in order to assess the resistance to general and pitting corrosion in 3.5% NaCl solution. It was found that Inconel 600 possesses good corrosion resistance, however Inconel 625 is characterized by a greater resistance to general and also to pitting corrosion of the weld as well as the base metal.

scholarly journals Optimization of AZ91D Process and Corrosion Resistance Using Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungkyu Han ◽  
Matthew Zielewski ◽  
David Martinez Holguin ◽  
Monica Michel Parra ◽  
Namsoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
The Body ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Progress on Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques focusing on ceramics and polymers evolves, as metals continue to be a challenging material to manipulate when fabricating products. Current methods, such as Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and Electron Beam Melting (EBM), face many intrinsic limitations due to the nature of their processes. Material selection, elevated cost, and low deposition rates are some of the barriers to consider when one of these methods is to be used for the fabrication of engineering products. The research presented demonstrates the use of a Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) system for the creation of metallic specimens. This project explored the feasibility of fabricating elements made from magnesium alloys with the potential to be used in biomedical applications. It is known that the elastic modulus of magnesium closely approximates that of natural bone than other metals. Thus, stress shielding phenomena can be reduced. Furthermore, the decomposition of magnesium shows no harm inside the human body since it is an essential element in the body and its decomposition products can be easily excreted through the urine. By alloying magnesium with aluminum and zinc, or rare earths such as yttrium, neodymium, cerium, and dysprosium, the structural integrity of specimens inside the human body can be assured. However, the in vivo corrosion rates of these products can be accelerated by the presence of impurities, voids, or segregation created during the manufacturing process. Fast corrosion rates would produce improper healing, which, in turn, involve subsequent surgical intervention. However, in this study, it has been proven that magnesium alloy AZ91D produced by WAAM has higher corrosion resistance than the cast AZ91D. Due to its structure, which has porosity or cracking only at the surface of the individual printed lines, the central sections present a void-less structure composed by an HCP magnesium matrix and a high density of well dispersed aluminum-zinc rich precipitates. Also, specimens created under different conditions have been analyzed in the macroscale and microscale to determine the parameters that yield the best visual and microstructural results.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Corrosion Behaviour of ZE41 and QE22 Magnesium Alloys

2011 ◽  
Vol 690 ◽  
pp. 385-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bobby Kannan ◽  
Carsten Blawert ◽  
Wolfgang Dietzel
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Az80 Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion Behaviour

The study suggests that the rare-earths containing magnesium alloys ZE41 and QE22 exhibit a poorer corrosion resistance than the AZ80 magnesium alloy. Electrochemical experiments showed that the two rare-earths containing alloys are highly susceptible to localized corrosion. Post corrosion analysis revealed intergranular and pitting corrosion in ZE41, whereas QE22 alloy underwent only pitting corrosion.

scholarly journals Study on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of an Al–Cu–Sn Alloy Wall Deposited by Double-Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Process

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Huimin Gu ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Chengde Li ◽  
Lingling Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
Single Wire ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Wire Feeding ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

In this present study, single-wire and double-wire Al–Cu–Sn alloy walls were fabricated by an arc additive manufacturing process. The surface morphology, elemental composition, and microstructure were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The mechanical properties of both the single-wire and double-wire walls were studied by mechanical property testing. The results showed that the heat input of the double-wire wall was lower than that of the single-wire wall at the same wire feeding speed. The surface microstructure of the double-wire wall showed a more uniform surface than the single-wire wall. The grains of the double-wire wall were found to be isometric crystals in the as-deposited state. The θ phase of the double-wire wall was dispersed with a smaller grain size in the grain boundary. After T6 heat treatment, the θ phase of the double-wire wall was completely dissolved into the aluminum matrix, and a large amount of θ’ enhanced phases were precipitated with a phase spacing of about 15 nm. The mechanical properties of the double-wire wall were shown to have significantly improved performance, which further increased to 490 MPa, 420 MPa, and 12%, respectively. The transverse and longitudinal mechanical properties of the double-wire wall were consistent, and the fracture mode of both was ductile fracture.

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