scholarly journals Designing a User-Centered Interaction Interface for Human–Swarm Teaming

Drones ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Mohammad Divband Divband Soorati ◽  
Jediah Clark ◽  
Javad Ghofrani ◽  
Danesh Tarapore ◽  
Sarvapali D. Ramchurn
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Complexity ◽  
User Study ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Heat Map ◽  
Interactive Interface ◽  
Controlling Mechanism ◽  
Interaction Interface ◽  
Single Operator ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
And Control

A key challenge in human–swarm interaction is to design a usable interface that allows the human operators to monitor and control a scalable swarm. In our study, we restrict the interactions to only one-to-one communications in local neighborhoods between UAV-UAV and operator-UAV. This type of proximal interactions will decrease the cognitive complexity of the human–swarm interaction to O(1). In this paper, a user study with 100 participants provides evidence that visualizing a swarm as a heat map is more effective in addressing usability and acceptance in human–swarm interaction. We designed an interactive interface based on the users’ preference and proposed a controlling mechanism that allows a human operator to control a large swarm of UAVs. We evaluated the proposed interaction interface with a complementary user study. Our testbed and results establish a benchmark to study human–swarm interaction where a scalable swarm can be managed by a single operator.

Valid Human Operator Control Models for Closed Loop Design

1983 ◽  
Vol 197 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-246
Author(s):  
Lt Cdr R Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Loop Design ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
Operator Control ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
And Control

The Sea Harrier VTOL (vertical take-off and landing) aircraft is an example of a complex man–machine system. During the development of such systems it is essential that financial costs and modifications are kept to a minimum. At the computer aided design stage it is necessary for the system designer to have available valid models of the various sub-systems in order to optimize the closed loop performance. The formulation of reliable models of the hardware components is relatively easy to obtain. However, this is not the case for the human operators who close the loop and control the system. Therefore the designer requires valid human operator models. Herein valid human operator models that have been developed in recent years are discussed. Although most of the models discussed have been developed for aerospace applications they may be adapted and used in other areas of study.

scholarly journals Mobile Laboratory Model for Next-Generation Heterogeneous Wireless Systems

Robotics ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 1644-1661
Author(s):  
Ibrahima Ngom ◽  
Hamadou Saliah-Hassane ◽  
Claude Lishou
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Wireless Systems ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Mobile Laboratory ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Distributed Communication ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
Heterogeneous Wireless Systems ◽  
And Control

Failure to integrate heterogeneous wireless systems generally makes it difficult, if not impossible, for the continuation of remote working or remote experiments when human operators and equipment coexist through networks in a collaborative environment. Mobile laboratories using ubiquitous mobile communication for next-generation heterogeneous wireless systems have prospects for increasing the operation of distributed communication and mobile ubiquitous systems. All “technology assessors” concur that tomorrow's society will have access to smart objects (mobile devices or apparatuses, mobile equipment, e.g. robots) that contain “programs” that will assist with communication in everyday life. However one of the tomorrow’s challenges will consist of programming those objects to cooperate with and control telecommunications technologies. For a Mobile Laboratory to ensure consistent mobility in an environment, it must combine various wireless networks as a single integrated system. In this chapter we propose a Mobile Laboratory Model with mobile devices that take advantage of multiple mobile gateways by using Internet Protocol (IP) as the interconnection protocol to achieve the objective stated above.

Mobile Laboratory Model for Next-Generation Heterogeneous Wireless Systems

2012 ◽  
pp. 511-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahima Ngom ◽  
Hamadou Saliah-Hassane ◽  
Claude Lishou
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Wireless Systems ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Mobile Laboratory ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Distributed Communication ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
Heterogeneous Wireless Systems ◽  
And Control

Failure to integrate heterogeneous wireless systems generally makes it difficult, if not impossible, for the continuation of remote working or remote experiments when human operators and equipment coexist through networks in a collaborative environment. Mobile laboratories using ubiquitous mobile communication for next-generation heterogeneous wireless systems have prospects for increasing the operation of distributed communication and mobile ubiquitous systems. All “technology assessors” concur that tomorrow’s society will have access to smart objects (mobile devices or apparatuses, mobile equipment, e.g. robots) that contain “programs” that will assist with communication in everyday life. However one of the tomorrow’s challenges will consist of programming those objects to cooperate with and control telecommunications technologies. For a Mobile Laboratory to ensure consistent mobility in an environment, it must combine various wireless networks as a single integrated system. In this chapter we propose a Mobile Laboratory Model with mobile devices that take advantage of multiple mobile gateways by using Internet Protocol (IP) as the interconnection protocol to achieve the objective stated above.

scholarly journals Interactive NLP in Clinical Care: Identifying Incidental Findings in Radiology Reports

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 655-669
Author(s):  
Gaurav Trivedi ◽  
Esmaeel R. Dadashzadeh ◽  
Robert M. Handzel ◽  
Wendy W. Chapman ◽  
Shyam Visweswaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Incidental Findings ◽  
User Study ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Radiology Reports ◽  
System Usability Scale ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Despite advances in natural language processing (NLP), extracting information from clinical text is expensive. Interactive tools that are capable of easing the construction, review, and revision of NLP models can reduce this cost and improve the utility of clinical reports for clinical and secondary use. Objectives We present the design and implementation of an interactive NLP tool for identifying incidental findings in radiology reports, along with a user study evaluating the performance and usability of the tool. Methods Expert reviewers provided gold standard annotations for 130 patient encounters (694 reports) at sentence, section, and report levels. We performed a user study with 15 physicians to evaluate the accuracy and usability of our tool. Participants reviewed encounters split into intervention (with predictions) and control conditions (no predictions). We measured changes in model performance, the time spent, and the number of user actions needed. The System Usability Scale (SUS) and an open-ended questionnaire were used to assess usability. Results Starting from bootstrapped models trained on 6 patient encounters, we observed an average increase in F1 score from 0.31 to 0.75 for reports, from 0.32 to 0.68 for sections, and from 0.22 to 0.60 for sentences on a held-out test data set, over an hour-long study session. We found that tool helped significantly reduce the time spent in reviewing encounters (134.30 vs. 148.44 seconds in intervention and control, respectively), while maintaining overall quality of labels as measured against the gold standard. The tool was well received by the study participants with a very good overall SUS score of 78.67. Conclusion The user study demonstrated successful use of the tool by physicians for identifying incidental findings. These results support the viability of adopting interactive NLP tools in clinical care settings for a wider range of clinical applications.

scholarly journals Controlling Mechanism of Rock Burst by CO2 Fracturing Blasting Based on Rock Burst System

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianwei Lan ◽  
Chaojun Fan ◽  
Jun Han ◽  
Hongwei Zhang ◽  
Jiawei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Rock Burst ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Tectonic Stress ◽  
Microseismic Monitoring ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Controlling Mechanism ◽  
And Control

Rock burst induced by mining is one of the most serious dynamic disasters in the process of coal mining. The mechanism of a rock burst is similar to that of a natural earthquake. It is difficult to accurately predict the “time, space, and strength” of rock burst, but the possibility of rock burst can be predicted based on the results of microseismic monitoring. In this paper, the rock burst system under the tectonic stress field is established based on the practice of coal mining and the result of mine ground crustal stress measurement. According to the magnitude of microseismic monitoring, the amount of the energy and spatial position of the rock burst are determined. Based on the theory of explosion mechanics, aiming at the prevention and control of rock burst in the coal mine, the technique of liquid CO2 fracturing blasting is put forward. By the experiment of blasting mechanics, the blasting parameters are determined, and the controlling mechanism of rock burst of liquid CO2 fracturing blasting is revealed. The application of liquid CO2 fissure blasting technology in the prevention and control of rock burst in Jixian Coal Mine shows that CO2 fracturing blasting reduces the stress concentration of the rock burst system and transfers energy to the deeper part, and there is no open fire in the blasting. It is a new, safe, and efficient method to prevent and control rock burst, which can be applied widely.

Brain Computer Interface Robotic Co-Workers: Defective Part Picking System

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Li ◽  
Thenkurussi Kesavadas
Keyword(s):  
Direct Instruction ◽  
Human Subject ◽  
Brain Computer Interface ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Unstructured Environment ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
Application Fields ◽  
Picking System

Industrial robotic co-workers are robots that can work with human being in an unstructured environment. Such robots, must be able to assist human operators in a seamless way without receiving specific instructions. Robotic co-workers can open entirely new application fields in manufacturing as demonstrated in this paper. We designed such an industrial co-robot to pick up defective parts by simply monitoring a human operator directly through a brain computer interface (BCI). By constantly monitoring the operator using BCI sensors, the robotic co-worker can sense when an operator notices a defective part and then moves to remove the part from a moving conveyor with no direct instruction from the operator. The robot, equipped with an RGB camera, recognizes the part, tracks the position and generates accurate motion plan. We demonstrated the system using a human subject study.

The Effects of Biodynamic Stress on Workload in Human Operators

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (19) ◽  
pp. 1409-1413
Author(s):  
William B. Albery ◽  
Harry G. Armstrong ◽  
Merry M. Roe ◽  
Charles D. Goodyear ◽  
Kathy A. McCloskey
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Operator Performance ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
Operator Workload

The objective of this research was to assess the effects of two biodynamic stressors, noise and acceleration, commonly experienced in the aircraft cockpit, on human operator performance and workload. Thirteen workload measures, including one subjective, four performance and eight physiological, were recorded on subjects performing a dual psychomotor task. The results indicate that biodyanmic stressors such as noise and acceleration can adversely affect subjective operator workload without affecting objective task performance.

Nonlinear and Time-Varying Dynamical Models of Human Operators in Manual Control Systems

1966 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter W. Wierwille ◽  
Gilbert A. Gagne
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Manual Control ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Deterministic Theory ◽  
Manual Control System ◽  
New Information ◽  
Human Operators

This paper describes the application of a deterministic theory for characterizing or modeling the dynamics of a human operator in a manual control system. Linear time-varying, nonlinear time-varying, and non-linear constant-coefficient models are obtained by applying the theory to tracking data taken for one- and two-axis tasks with various displays. The accuracy and fidelity of these advanced models are explored in detail. Also, new information about time variability and nonlinearity of the human operator, obtained by studying the models and the manual control system signals, is presented.

Defining the Challenges Operators Face when Controlling Multiple Unmanned Vehicles

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-396
Author(s):  
Peter N. Squire ◽  
Raja Parasuraman
Keyword(s):  
Supervisory Control ◽  
Unmanned Vehicles ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Human In The Loop ◽  
Control Interface ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Single Operator

To achieve effective human-robot interaction (HRI) it is important to determine what types of supervisory control interfaces lead to optimal human-robot teaming. Research in HRI has demonstrated that operators controlling fewer robots against opponents of equal strength face greater challenges when control is restricted to only automation. Using human-in-the-loop evaluations of delegation-type interfaces, the present study examined the challenges and outcomes of a single operator supervising (1) more or less robots than a simulated adversary, with either a (2) flexible or restricted control interface. Testing was conducted with 12 paid participants using the RoboFlag simulation environment. Results from this experiment support past findings of execution timing deficiencies related to automation brittleness, and present new findings that indicate that successful teaming between a single human operator and a robotic team is affected by the number of robots and the type of interface.

scholarly journals User interface prototype for geospatial early warning systems – a tsunami showcase

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hammitzsch ◽  
M. Lendholt ◽  
M. Á. Esbrí
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Synergy Effects ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
And Control

Abstract. The command and control unit's graphical user interface (GUI) is a central part of early warning systems (EWS) for man-made and natural hazards. The GUI combines and concentrates the relevant information of the system and offers it to human operators. It has to support operators successfully performing their tasks in complex workflows. Most notably in critical situations when operators make important decisions in a limited amount of time, the command and control unit's GUI has to work reliably and stably, providing the relevant information and functionality with the required quality and in time. The design of the GUI application is essential in the development of any EWS to manage hazards effectively. The design and development of such GUI is performed repeatedly for each EWS by various software architects and developers. Implementations differ based on their application in different domains. But similarities designing and equal approaches implementing GUIs of EWS are not quite harmonized enough with related activities and do not exploit possible synergy effects. Thus, the GUI's implementation of an EWS for tsunamis is successively introduced, providing a generic approach to be applied in each EWS for man-made and natural hazards.

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