scholarly journals Climatic and Biological Factors Related with Goat Grazing Management in the Arid Grassland of the Coquimbo Region (Northern Chile)

Ecologies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-365
Author(s):  
Daniel Patón
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Range Management ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Grassland Conservation ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Arid Grasslands ◽  
The University

(1) Background: Desertification is one of the most important environmental impacts around the world. In the semiarid grassland of North of Chile, overgrazing has deep effects on arid lands and consequently on its economy and social development. It is necessary to conduct very detailed studies to determine how the climate, the botanical composition and the grazing system affects this process; (2) Methods: In this paper, we have determined the effect on arid grasslands of three goat managements: exclusions, continuous and deferred grazing on forage biomass, richness, Berger–Parker’s dominance and Shannon’s diversity. This study was developed in Las Cardas Range Station (CEALC) of the University of Chile in the Coquimbo region. The effect of annual and seasonal rainfall on biomass, diversity, richness and dominance parameters was determined; (3) Results: Allochthonous, endemic and native species showed significant changes both for seasonal and annual precipitation. In contrast, the grazing system only affected dominance and biomass of native and endemic species. Deferred grazing was the only management system that increased overall biomass productivity, especially on the best forage plant species. Exclusions showed a positive influence on more endangered species, which were the most vulnerable to goat overgrazing; (4) Conclusions: In consequence, we proposed a network of areas under deferred grazing combined with exclusions. This strategy can increase simultaneously forage productivity, grassland conservation and preservation of associated resources as hunting and wildlife tourism. Moreover, this strategy of range management will allow the sustainability of community of farmers in one of the poorest and most desertified areas in South America.

السعادة في العمل ودورها في تعزيز الثقة التنظيمية بحث استطلاعي لآراء العاملين في جامعة الفلوجة.

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ياسر خلف
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Positive Change ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Senior Management ◽  
University Employees ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

The study aimed to clarify the role that happiness plays in the workplace represented by (positive influence, negative impact, and achievement) in enhancing organizational confidence among university employees represented in (confidence in senior management, trust in supervisors, trust in co-workers) as the research problem raised many questions It dealt with the nature of the relationship between the research variables and in light of these questions, two main hypotheses were formulated that reflect the correlation and influence relationships between the research variables, and in light of them, the hypothesis plan for the study was developed that reflects this. The data were analyzed and hypotheses were tested, as the research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that there is a relationship between happiness in the workplace and organizational confidence. The research also recommended several recommendations, the most important of which is the necessity of continuing interest of the University of Fallujah to bring about positive change by understanding workers for work and the duties assigned to them. Completing the theoretical framework vocabulary on foreign sources, references, and literature related to the research topic,

scholarly journals Análise dos constructos comportamentais do empreendedorismo sustentável de estudantes universitários brasileiros

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 718
Author(s):  
Luis Eduardo Brandão Paiva ◽  
Tereza Cristina Batista de Lima ◽  
Silvia Maria Dias Pedro Rebouças ◽  
Rômulo Alves Soares
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Sustainable Entrepreneurship ◽  
Academic Context ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intent ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The University ◽  
Behavioral Constructs

Research on entrepreneurial intention stands out in the academic context and addresses several determinants related to the behavioral nature influencing entrepreneurship. Consequently, the following behavioral constructs were used for sustainable entrepreneurship: attitude towards self-employment; orientation towards sustainability; propensity to innovate; barriers and facilities for entrepreneurial activities; and entrepreneurs in the immediate family. This study aimed to analyze the influence of the behavioral constructs of sustainable entrepreneurship on the entrepreneurial intentions of university students. Based on a sample of 318 students enrolled on an administration course at the Federal University of Ceará, statistical techniques of data analysis were applied, namely factorial analysis, inferential statistics (t-test and Mann-Whitney test), logistic regression and Classification and Regression Trees (CART). Three hypotheses were constructed in this study based on the literature: (i) there is a positive influence between the orientation towards the sustainability of university students and their entrepreneurial intention, (ii) there is a positive influence between the propensity to innovate and the entrepreneurial intention of the university students, and (iii) having entrepreneurs in the immediate family contributes positively to the entrepreneurial intent of university students. It was noted that, in general, students most likely to have entrepreneurial intent are those most concerned with environmental issues, that are stimulating and original, and have immediate relatives that are entrepreneurs.

The Social Psychology of the Epileptic Child, by Christopher Bagley. Coral Gables, Florida: The University of Miami Press, 1971, 307 pp., $12.00

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 676-676
Author(s):  
Sheila J. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Epileptic Child ◽  
The Social ◽  
Epileptic Children ◽  
University Of Miami ◽  
The University

The author, a sociologist, describes his monograph as an "empirical study of the interaction of social, psychological and biological factors leading to behavior disorder in epileptic children." The first part of the book consists of a brief introduction to the problems it was felt relevant to investigate and to the sources of patients and of information received about them. A second section is devoted to an examination of the literature. This is comprehensive and well-argued.

scholarly journals Acute Polyhydramnios Complicating Twin Pregnancies

1985 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.T.M. Schneider ◽  
K. Vetter ◽  
R. Huch ◽  
A. Huch
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Monozygous Twin ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The University ◽  
Twin Pregnancies ◽  
Placental Vessel

AbstractAcute polyhydramnios in the second trimestr is a typical complication in monozygous twin pregnancies. It is caused by a feto-fetal transfusion with anemia on the donor and polycytemia on the recipient twin. Contrary to the chronic hydramnios, there is no increase in malformations. In view of the high mortality rate (100%, according to most authors), the clinical management has to be reconsidered. During the years 1979 to 1983, 10 cases of acute polyhydramnios have been observed at the University Hospital in Zurich. This corresponds to an incidence of 9% in our twin population. All cases investigated were MZ twin pregnancies. With the exception of one patient, who underwent an abortion, all women were hospitalized, had bed rest and received recurrent removals of amniotic fluid and prophylactic tocolysis. The mean gestational age at the time of diagnosis was 23 4/7 weeks and at delivery 30 3/7 weeks. In two cases – one of which is presented in detail – with an unintentional puncture of a placental vessel, the recurrence of the hydramnios did not appear. Eight of 18 newborns survived. No malformations were found. Bed rest, tocolysis and recurrent amniocenteses seem to have a positive influence on the prolongation and outcome of the gestation in acute polyhydramnios.

Grazing system and stocking rate effects on the productivity, botanical composition and soil surface characteristics of alfalfa-grass pastures

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Popp ◽  
W. P. McCaughey ◽  
R. D. H. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Basal Cover ◽  
Grazed Pastures ◽  
Litter Cover ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Stocking Rates

A 4-yr experiment was conducted (1991 to 1994) near Brandon, MB, to determine the effects of grazing system (continuous and rotational) and stocking rate [light (1.1 steers ha−1); heavy (2.2 steers ha−1)] on the productivity, botanical composition and soil surface characteristics of an alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.; approximately 70%), meadow bromegrass (Bromus biebersteinii Roem & Schult.; 25%) and Russian wild ryegrass [Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski; 5%] pasture. Grazing season length was shorter (P < 0.05) for cattle in continuously compared with rotationally stocked pastures in 1991, while in 1993 and 1994 it was shortest (P < 0.05) in heavily stocked continuously grazed pastures. Carrying capacity (steer days ha–1) was greater (P < 0.05) in heavily stocked rotationally grazed pastures compared with other treatments in 1991, 1993 and 1994. In 1992, it was greater (P < 0.05) in heavy than light stocking rate treatments for both rotationally and continuously grazed pastures. Cattle usually gained more (P < 0.05) per day (kg d−1) and during the season (kg hd−1) at light than at heavy stocking rates, while total liveweight production (kg ha−1) was greater (P < 0.05) at heavy than at light stocking rates. Forage production and disappearance did not differ (P > 0.05) within grazing systems and stocking rates from 1991 to 1993, but in 1994, production and disappearance were greater (P < 0.05) at heavy than at light stocking rates. Mean seasonal herbage mass available and carry-over were greater (P < 0.05) in lightly stocked pastures than heavily stocked pastures from 1991 to 1994. After the first year of grazing, the proportion of alfalfa increased (P < 0.05), while grasses declined (P < 0.05) within all grazing treatments. In subsequent years, a trend was observed, where alfalfa declined and grasses increased in all pastures, except those stocked heavily and grazed continuously, which by 1994 had the greatest (P < 0.05) percentage of alfalfa. As years progressed, increases (P < 0.05) in basal cover concurrent with declines in bare ground were recorded on all grazing treatments, while litter cover often did not differ (P > 0.05) within either grazing system or stocking rate, except in 1992, when basal cover was lowest (P < 0.05), while litter cover was greatest (P < 0.05) on lightly stocked continuously grazed pastures compared with other treatments. Stocking rates were a key factor to optimizing individual animal performance and/or gain per hectare on alfalfa grass pastures, however differences in the effect of continuous and rotational stocking on pasture productivity were minimal. Key words: Alfalfa, grazing, stocker cattle, production

scholarly journals Native Seedling Colonization on Stockpiled Mine Soils Is Constrained by Site Conditions and Competition with Exotic Species

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy A. Baethke ◽  
Laura W. Ploughe ◽  
Wendy C. Gardner ◽  
Lauchlan H. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Exotic Species ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Mine Soils ◽  
Native Seed ◽  
Restoration Strategies ◽  
Arid Grasslands ◽  
Establishment Phase

Sites disturbed through mining practices can be challenging to restore with native vegetation, as the path of ecological succession is often unknown and hard to predict. We conducted an establishment study that explored restoration strategies to increase native vegetation on a newly formed stockpile of soil at New Gold’s New Afton Mine in British Columbia, Canada. Establishment of native species in semi-arid grasslands is often constrained by seed and seedling microsite limitations, so treatments were imposed to assist in reducing these limitations. We established a fully factorial design with a native seed treatment (seeded and unseeded) and four soil preparations: raking, hydroseed slurry, a combination of raking and hydroseed slurry, and no preparation. Raking assisted in increasing total seedling establishment, regardless of whether the site was seeded or not. Raking and seeding increased the number of native seedlings and resulted in the greatest species richness, suggesting that native seedling establishment is primarily seed-limited, but that microclimate is also important for the establishment of some native seeds. We found that exotic species were able to capitalize on the disturbance and outcompeted the native species, but reducing seed-limitations by sowing more native seeds and increasing available microclimates by raking or tilling may increase native species’ success at the establishment phase.

Productivity and botanical composition of Mediterranean grassland in relation to residual phosphate

1999 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. OSMAN ◽  
A. K. SALKINI ◽  
F. GHASSALI
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Marginal Lands ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Native Grassland ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Available Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Steep Slopes

The effects of residual phosphate (P) fertilizer were monitored for six seasons on Mediterranean grassland. The phosphate fertilizer was originally applied annually at three rates (0, 25 and 60 kg P2O5/ha) for 7 years (1984–1990) to phosphate-deficient grassland at Tel Hadya, northern Syria. The herbage biomass productivity, botanical composition and the seed bank in the soil were monitored for six seasons (1991/92–1996/97). The experiment was grazed at two annual stocking rates (1·1 sheep/ha (low) and 2·3 sheep/ha (high)). The experimental site was typical of native grassland within the cereal zone of west Asia, where cropping is not possible because of shallow, stony soils and steep slopes.Available soil phosphorus in May 1991 was 6·5, 20·8 and 40·1 mg P/kg under the 0, 25 and 60 kg P2O5/ha treatments and 6·6, 13·4 and 14·8 mg P/kg respectively, in May 1997. Yields of both legumes and total herbage (legume+grass+other species) were significantly influenced by the residual phosphate. Legume yields were between 6- and 7-times the control yield in the first two years of the study. This decreased with time but was still in the range of 1·5 to 1·9 times the yield of the control in 1997, six years later. Total herbage yield was consistently higher on the plots previously fertilized with P, which ranged between 1·5- and 2·5-times the control. Both legume seed and grass seeds were significantly larger with residual P, which ranged between 5·4- and 2·0-times the control for the legume and 2·5- and 1·4-times for the grasses. All these factors have practical implications for the use of P fertilizer on grassland which could help control soil erosion and improve livestock production on marginal lands on which farming communities largely depend.

Response of Mediterranean grassland to phosphate and stocking rates: biomass production and botanical composition

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Osman ◽  
P. S. Cocks ◽  
L. Russi ◽  
M. A. Pagnotta
Keyword(s):  
Seed Mass ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Native Grassland ◽  
Stocking Rates

SUMMARYThree rates of phosphate (0, 25, and 60 kg/ha P2O5) were applied to phosphorus-deficient native grassland at Tel Hadya, in northern Syria, and biomass productivity, botanical composition and number of legume seeds in the soil were monitored for five seasons (1984/85–1988/89). The experiment was grazed at low (0·8 sheep/ha per year) and high (1·7 sheep/ha per year) stocking rates from the second to the fourth seasons of the experiment; in the fifth season, the low and high stocking rates were increased to 1·1 and 2·3 sheep/ha per year, respectively. The experimental site was typical of native grassland within the cereal zone of west Asia, where cropping is not possible because of shallow, stony soils and steep slopes.The results showed that annual applications of phosphorus, even as low as 25 kg P2O5/ha, alleviated the deficiency in soil P and resulted in improved pasture production, even in dry years. Legume production showed the greatest response to P, increasing by 0·3–3 times the production of the control treatments. By the fifth season, legume seed mass had increased threefold and number of seeds sixfold in the P-treated plots, compared with the first season, while in the control plots there was little change. Rain-use efficiency on the P-treated plots was more than double that of the controls by the fourth and fifth seasons.Practical application of the results depends on whether (i) legumes are as frequent in native grasslands, as a whole, as they are at Tel Hadya, (ii) the P deficiency observed at Tel Hadya is widespread, and (iii) grazing of communally owned grasslands can be controlled. It is suggested that all three criteria will often be fulfilled and, therefore, that grassland productivity in west Asia could be substantially increased. Furthermore, the results suggest that above-ground cover and soil organic matter will also increase after P application, both of which will help to reduce soil erosion and thereby increase the sustainability of livestock production in west Asia.

scholarly journals A comparison of grassland vegetation from three agri-environment conservation measures

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ó hUallacháin ◽  
J.A. Finn ◽  
B. Keogh ◽  
R. Fritch ◽  
H. Sheridan
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Grassland Vegetation ◽  
Hay Meadows ◽  
Grassland Conservation ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Grassland Habitats ◽  
Natural Grassland

Abstract Semi-natural grassland habitats have declined significantly throughout Europe. To halt the decline, grassland conservation measures have been included in most European agri-environment schemes. This is the first study to compare the botanical composition of grassland habitats managed under the Irish Agri-Environment Options Scheme (AEOS). Sixty fields on drystock pastoral farms in receipt of agri-environment payments for grassland conservation were surveyed, with 20 fields being enrolled in each of the following AEOS options: Traditional Hay Meadow (THM), Species-Rich Grassland (SRG) and Natura 2000 species-rich grassland (Natura). The vegetation quality of sites enrolled in the Natura measure was higher than the quality of those enrolled in the THM and SRG measures. Natura sites had the greatest species richness, with a mean >40 species per site, which included approximately 17 species indicative of high botanical quality. Traditional Hay Meadows sites had the lowest species richness (mean: 29 species per site) and were dominated by species associated with improved grassland. Some THM sites had good levels of botanical richness and were similar in composition to Natura sites, with some Natura sites having lower vegetation quality, more similar to that of THM sites. Species-Rich Grassland had botanical richness that was intermediate between THM and Natura sites. A thorough assessment of the effectiveness of these measures was confounded by a lack of quantitative objectives for the target community composition to be attained. We discuss limitations and potential opportunities regarding the design, targeting, implementation and cost-effectiveness of these agri-environment measures.

scholarly journals Developing a Healthy Lifestyle of Students Through the Practice of Sport Activities

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-218
Author(s):  
Ioan Sabin Sopa ◽  
Marcel Pomohaci
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
The University ◽  
Sports Activities

Abstract Sports activities and disseise prevention is a nowadays worldwide discussed problem, many specialists embraced the idea that physical activities can develop and maintain the health of human body. Our study was focused on finding the habits of a group of students from the University “Lucian Blaga” from Sibiu regarding physical activities, types of sports activities practiced in leisure time, student’s concept about the values and importance of practicing sports activities and so on. The main method of research was the lifestyle health questionnaire through which we investigated some aspects regarding sports activities influence on the level of health. We choose a sample of 300 students from all three years of study from different faculties from our university. The results of our investigation showed that students are aware of the positive influence of sports activities on human body.

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