Lora-Based System for Tracking Runners in Cross-Country Races

In recent years, the organization of cross-country and popular races where hundreds of people participate has become a significant trend. In these events, runners usually subject the body to extreme situations that can lead to various types of indisposition, and they can also suffer falls. Currently, the electronic systems used in this type of race only monitor when runners pass through checkpoints. However, it is necessary to implement systems that enable the control of the population of runners and the monitoring of their status all the times. For this reason, this paper proposes the design of a low-cost system for monitoring and controlling runners in this type of event. The system is formed by a network architecture in infrastructure mode based on low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technology. Each runner will carry an electronic device that will allow their position and vital signs to be monitored. Likewise, it will incorporate an S.O.S. button that will allow runners to send a signal to the organization should they require help. All these data will be sent through the network to a database, which will allow the organization and bystanders of the race to check the location and history of vital signs of runners. This paper shows the proposal of a design of our system and the different practical experiments that have been carried out with the devices that have allowed for the proposition of this design.

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LPWAN-Based Vehicular Monitoring Platform with a Generic IP Network Interface

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19020264 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 264 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

José Santa ◽

Ramon Sanchez-Iborra ◽

Pablo Rodriguez-Rey ◽

Luis Bernal-Escobedo ◽

Antonio Skarmeta

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Traffic Monitoring ◽

Wide Area ◽

Network Interface ◽

Area Network ◽

Wide Area Network ◽

Compression Scheme ◽

Campus Environment ◽

Transmission Distance ◽

Monitoring Platform

Remote vehicle monitoring is a field that has recently attracted the attention of both academia and industry. With the dawn of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm, the possibilities for performing this task have multiplied, due to the emergence of low-cost and multi-purpose monitoring devices and the evolution of wireless transmission technologies. Low Power-Wide Area Network (LPWAN) encompasses a set of IoT communication technologies that are gaining momentum, due to their highly valued features regarding transmission distance and end-device energy consumption. For that reason, in this work we present a vehicular monitoring platform enabled by LPWAN-based technology, namely Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN). Concretely, we explore the end-to-end architecture considering vehicle data retrieving by using an On-Board Diagnostics II (OBD-II) interface, their compression with a novel IETF compression scheme in order to transmit them over the constrained LoRaWAN link, and information visualization through a data server hosted in the cloud, by means of a web-based dashboard. A key advance of the proposal is the design and development of a UNIX-based network interface for LPWAN communications. The whole system has been tested in a university campus environment, showing its capabilities to remotely track vehicle status in real-time. The conducted performance evaluation also shows high levels of reliability in the transmission link, with packet delivery ratios over 95%. The platform boosts the process of monitoring vehicles, enabling a variety of services such as mechanical failure prediction and detection, fleet management, and traffic monitoring, and is extensible to light vehicles with severe power constraints.

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Low Cost Circularly Polarized Antenna for IoT Space Applications

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics9101564 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1564

Author(s):

Le Huy Trinh ◽

Nguyen Vu Truong ◽

Fabien Ferrero

Keyword(s):

Circular Polarization ◽

Radiation Pattern ◽

Insertion Loss ◽

Low Cost ◽

Total Efficiency ◽

Area Network ◽

Wide Area Network ◽

Space Applications ◽

Circularly Polarized ◽

Compact Size

This work presents the use of a three-element radiating structure for circularly polarized Low-Power Wide Area Network (LP-WAN) communication with space. The proposed structure has a 72 mm × 72 mm × 12 mm compact size with Right-Handed Circular Polarization (RHCP) and a 120∘ wide beamwidth radiation pattern. Printed on low-cost FR4 Epoxy substrate, a feeding network circuit based on Quasi Lumped Quadrature Coupler (QLQC), it achieves a −0.6 dB insertion loss and a very compact size. The final structure has a 69% total efficiency and a 3.14 dBic realized gain.

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LoRaWAN Mesh Networks: A Review and Classification of Multihop Communication

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20154273 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (15) ◽

pp. 4273

Author(s):

Jeferson Rodrigues Cotrim ◽

João Henrique Kleinschmidt

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Simulation Analysis ◽

Mesh Networks ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Low Cost ◽

Wide Area ◽

Area Network ◽

Full Potential ◽

Wide Area Network ◽

Coverage Area

The growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) led to the deployment of many applications that use wireless networks, like smart cities and smart agriculture. Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) meet many requirements of IoT, such as energy efficiency, low cost, large coverage area, and large-scale deployment. Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) networks are one of the most studied and implemented LPWAN technologies, due to the facility to build private networks with an open standard. Typical LoRaWAN networks are single-hop in a star topology, composed of end-devices that transmit data directly to gateways. Recently, several studies proposed multihop LoRaWAN networks, thus forming wireless mesh networks. This article provides a review of the state-of-the-art multihop proposals for LoRaWAN. In addition, we carried out a comparative analysis and classification, considering technical characteristics, intermediate devices function, and network topologies. This paper also discusses open issues and future directions to realize the full potential of multihop networking. We hope to encourage other researchers to work on improving the performance of LoRaWAN mesh networks, with more theoretical and simulation analysis, as well as practical deployments.

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Eco-Efficient Mobility in Smart City Scenarios

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12208443 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (20) ◽

pp. 8443

Author(s):

Ramon Sanchez-Iborra ◽

Luis Bernal-Escobedo ◽

José Santa

Keyword(s):

Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽

Smart City ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Low Cost ◽

Transportation Systems ◽

Area Network ◽

Wide Area Network ◽

Fully Integrated ◽

Personal Mobility ◽

Traffic Efficiency

Cooperative-Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS) have brought a technological revolution, especially for ground vehicles, in terms of road safety, traffic efficiency, as well as in the experience of drivers and passengers. So far, these advances have been focused on traditional transportation means, leaving aside the new generation of personal vehicles that are nowadays flooding our streets. Together with bicycles and motorcycles, personal mobility devices such as segways or electric scooters are firm sustainable alternatives that represent the future to achieve eco-friendly personal mobility in urban settings. In a near future, smart cities will become hyper-connected spaces where these vehicles should be integrated within the underlying C-ITS ecosystem. In this paper, we provide a wide overview of the opportunities and challenges related to this necessary integration as well as the communication solutions that are already in the market to provide these moving devices with low-cost and efficient connectivity. We also present an On-Board Unit (OBU) prototype with different communication options based on the Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) paradigm and several sensors to gather environmental information to facilitate eco-efficiency services. As the attained results suggest, this module allows personal vehicles to be fully integrated in smart city environments, presenting the possibilities of LoRaWAN and Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) communication technologies to provide vehicle connectivity and enable mobile urban sensing.

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Low-Cost LoRaWAN Node for Agro-Intelligence IoT

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics9060987 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 987 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Antonio Valente ◽

Sérgio Silva ◽

Diogo Duarte ◽

Filipe Cabral Pinto ◽

Salviano Soares

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Effective Control ◽

Area Network ◽

Wide Area Network ◽

Lightning Strikes ◽

Intelligent Sensors ◽

Increase Productivity ◽

Smart Agriculture ◽

Water Tension

Intelligent agriculture in general, but especially when agricultural fields are very heterogeneous, requires a large number of sensors in order to obtain an effective control and thus increase productivity. This need becomes more evident in vineyards on the farms of the demarcated Douro region due to the specificities of the territory and the vineyards themselves. Thus, it is necessary to have low cost sensors which are, essentially, easy to install and maintain. In the present work, a node with these characteristics was developed, which, in addition, is low consumption and communicates wirelessly through a Long Rang Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) network. To obtain an easy installation, a library of clusters was created for the LoRaWAN network and dedicated to sensors used in agriculture, especially those using an asynchronous serial protocol for intelligent sensors. Three nodes were developed and tested with sensors used in agriculture to measure several environmental parameters (soil and air temperature; wind speed, gust and direction; soil water content, water tension and electrical conductivity; solar radiation; precipitation; atmospheric and vapor pressure; relative humidity; and lightning strikes count). The three nodes send data to a server through an existing gateway on the farm. The data are decoded and sent to an Internet-of-Things analytics platform where it is aggregated, viewed and analyzed. Samples of the data collected are presented. The developed nodes are of small dimensions ( 85 × 65 × 35 m m ), thus making them easy to handle and install. Energy consumption depends on the distance to the gateway, and the number and type of sensors connected to each node. In the implemented cases, the maximum consumption was ≈ 400 μ A . The development of a cluster based library makes the node plug-and-play. The developed nodes will be a great step forward for the use of wireless sensors in smart agriculture in Douro vineyards.

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Miniaturized wireless, skin-integrated sensor networks for quantifying full-body movement behaviors and vital signs in infants

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.2104925118 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 118 (43) ◽

pp. e2104925118

Author(s):

Hyoyoung Jeong ◽

Sung Soo Kwak ◽

Seokwoo Sohn ◽

Jong Yoon Lee ◽

Young Joong Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inertial Sensors ◽

Low Cost ◽

Body Movement ◽

Vital Signs ◽

The Body ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Machine Learning Techniques ◽

Detection Methods ◽

Integrated Sensor ◽

Full Body

Early identification of atypical infant movement behaviors consistent with underlying neuromotor pathologies can expedite timely enrollment in therapeutic interventions that exploit inherent neuroplasticity to promote recovery. Traditional neuromotor assessments rely on qualitative evaluations performed by specially trained personnel, mostly available in tertiary medical centers or specialized facilities. Such approaches are high in cost, require geographic proximity to advanced healthcare resources, and yield mostly qualitative insight. This paper introduces a simple, low-cost alternative in the form of a technology customized for quantitatively capturing continuous, full-body kinematics of infants during free living conditions at home or in clinical settings while simultaneously recording essential vital signs data. The system consists of a wireless network of small, flexible inertial sensors placed at strategic locations across the body and operated in a wide-bandwidth and time-synchronized fashion. The data serve as the basis for reconstructing three-dimensional motions in avatar form without the need for video recordings and associated privacy concerns, for remote visual assessments by experts. These quantitative measurements can also be presented in graphical format and analyzed with machine-learning techniques, with potential to automate and systematize traditional motor assessments. Clinical implementations with infants at low and at elevated risks for atypical neuromotor development illustrates application of this system in quantitative and semiquantitative assessments of patterns of gross motor skills, along with body temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate, from long-term and follow-up measurements over a 3-mo period following birth. The engineering aspects are compatible for scaled deployment, with the potential to improve health outcomes for children worldwide via early, pragmatic detection methods.

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E-Health System for Medical Telesurveillance of Chronic Patients

International Journal of Computers Communications & Control ◽

10.15837/ijccc.2010.5.2253 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 900 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Cristian Rotariu ◽

Hariton Costin ◽

Ioana Alexa ◽

Gladiola Andruseac ◽

Vasile Manta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Integrated Circuits ◽

Medical Information ◽

Low Cost ◽

Vital Signs ◽

Pilot Project ◽

Chronic Illnesses ◽

Area Network ◽

Chronic Patients ◽

Medical Risk ◽

Design And Implementation

The current common goal in medical information technology today is the design and implementation of telemedicine solutions, which provide to patients services that enhance their quality of life. Advances in wireless sensor network technology, the overall miniaturization of their associated hardware low-power integrated circuits and wireless communications have enabled the design of low-cost, miniature, and intelligent physiological sensor modules with applications in the medical industry. These modules are capable of measuring, processing, communicating one or more physiological parameters, and can be integrated into a wireless personal area network. This paper is dedicated to the most complex Romanian telemedical pilot project, TELEMON, which has as goals design and implementation of an electronic-informaticstelecommunications system, that allows the automatic and complex telemonitoring, everywhere and every time, in (almost) real time, of the vital signs of persons with chronic illnesses, of elderly people, of those having high medical risk and of those living in isolated regions. The final objective of this pilot project is to enable personalized medical teleservices delivery, and to act as a basis for a public service for telemedical procedures in Romania and abroad.

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An Orthogonal Air Pollution Monitoring Method (OAPM) Based on LoRaWAN

Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks ◽

10.3390/jsan9030042 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 42

Author(s):

Rahim Haiahem ◽

Pascale Minet ◽

Selma Boumerdassi ◽

Leila Azouz Saidane

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Low Cost ◽

Pollution Monitoring ◽

Area Network ◽

Wide Area Network ◽

Huge Number ◽

Monitoring Method ◽

Air Pollution Monitoring ◽

Battery Lifetime ◽

Monitoring Application

High accuracy air pollution monitoring in a smart city requires the deployment of a huge number of sensors in this city. One of the most appropriate wireless technologies expected to support high density deployment is LoRaWAN which belongs to the Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) family and offers long communication range, multi-year battery lifetime and low cost end devices. It has been designed for End Devices (EDs) and applications that need to send small amounts of data a few times per hour. However, a high number of end devices breaks the orthogonality of LoRaWAN transmissions, which was one of the main advantages of LoRaWAN. Hence, network performances are strongly impacted. To solve this problem, we propose a solution called OAPM (Orthogonal Air Pollution Monitoring) which ensures the orthogonality of LoRaWAN transmissions and provides accurate air pollution monitoring. In this paper, we show how to organize EDs into clusters and sub-clusters, assign transmission times to EDs, configurate and synchronize them, taking into account the specificities of LoRaWAN and the features of the air pollution monitoring application. Simulation results corroborate the very good behavior of OAPM.

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An Internet of Things (IoT) Application on Volcano Monitoring

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19214651 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (21) ◽

pp. 4651 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Shadia Awadallah ◽

David Moure ◽

Pedro Torres-González

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Low Power ◽

Low Cost ◽

Thermal Anomaly ◽

Raspberry Pi ◽

Area Network ◽

Wide Area Network ◽

Volcanic Surveillance ◽

First Results ◽

Network Operation

In the last few years, there has been a huge interest in the Internet of Things (hereinafter IoT) field. Among the large number of IoT technologies, the low-power wide-area network (hereinafter LPWAN) has emerged providing low power, low data-rate communication over long distances, enabling battery-operated devices to operate for long time periods. This paper introduces an application of long-range (hereinafter LoRa) technology, one of the most popular LPWANs, to volcanic surveillance. The first low-power and low-cost wireless network based on LoRa to monitor the soil temperature in thermal anomaly zones in volcanic areas has been developed. A total of eight thermometers (end devices) have been deployed on a Teide volcano in Tenerife (Canary Islands). In addition, a repeater device was developed to extend the network range when the gateway did not have a line of sight connection with the thermometers. Combining LoRa communication capabilities with microchip microcontrollers (end devices and repeater) and a Raspberry Pi board (gateway), three main milestones have been achieved: (i) extreme low-power consumption, (ii) real-time and proper temperature acquisition, and (iii) a reliable network operation. The first results are shown. These results provide enough quality for a proper volcanic surveillance.

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Biotelemetry Using Human Area Networking

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i3.27.17971 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (3.27) ◽

pp. 352

Author(s):

T Godhavari ◽

D Urvasi

Keyword(s):

Human Body ◽

Vital Signs ◽

The Body ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Area Network ◽

Biomedical Monitoring ◽

Pervasive Technology ◽

Radio Signals ◽

Networking Technologies ◽

User Friendly

Human Body Communication (HBC) is a novel communication method between devices which use human body as a transmission medium. This idea is mostly based on the concept of wireless biomedical monitoring system. The on-body sensor nodes can monitor vital signs of a human body and use the body as a transmission medium. This technology is convenient for long durations of clinical monitoring with the option of more mobility and freedom for the user. Biotelemetry is remote monitoring, measuring and recording of a living organism’s function, activity or condition. Network of sensor nodes placed on or implanted inside the body of a subject is called Human Body Area Network (HAN). RedTacton is a user-friendly pervasive technology that establishes a communication between human body and devices in a closer proximity. This paper proclaims model of a human area networking technologies that enables communication by means of “Touching”. Redtacton technology was implemented to overcome the weak radio signals, data speeds and security –risks on unwanted signal interceptions. Here, human body is the transmitting medium supporting IEEE 802.3 half-duplex communication at 10 Mbits/s. RedTacton uses the minute electric field generated by human body as a medium to transmit the data.

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