scholarly journals A Scoping Review of Organizational Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Schools: A Complex Systems Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Puspa Khanal ◽  
Fabio Bento ◽  
Marco Tagliabue
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Organizational Adaptation ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
Organizational Responses ◽  
Additional Element ◽  
Systems Perspective ◽  
School Settings

This study is a scoping review of the literature on organizational adaptation in school settings during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Dramatic and unexpected environmental changes raise questions about the capacity of schooling organizations to adapt to in response to the pandemic. Different management practices have implications for the selection of organizational behaviors, electively in school settings. The research literature on school responses is analyzed from a selectionist perspective. The aim of this study is to identify and describe three constituting elements of this perspective: variation, interaction, and selection. An additional element is considered in this analysis and comprises the mechanisms of exploration and exploitation in the context of organizational adaptation. Sixteen studies met the selection criteria of describing emergent processes in schools. The findings highlight the emergence of exploration, as teachers actively experimented with a range of strategies and methods in order to maintain educational activities in the complex and uncertain context of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, several questions are raised regarding the effects and maintenance of new practices in the post-pandemic scenario. Management practices that facilitate variation and open communication about learning processes can contribute to the process of organizational adaptation.

scholarly journals Different Reasons for Different Responses: A Review of Incumbents’ Adaptation in Carbon-Intensive Industries

2020 ◽  
pp. 108602661989399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Sump ◽  
Sangyoon Yi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Organizational Adaptation ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
External Shocks ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Organizational Responses ◽  
Environmental Pressure ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Heterogeneity

Organizations often respond in different ways to common external shocks. To advance theories on organizational adaptation and performance heterogeneity, it is essential to understand different reasons for different organizational responses. We examine how incumbents in carbon-intensive industries adapt to heightened environmental pressure to reduce carbon emissions. Based on a review of the literature, we propose three dimensions along which diverse organizational responses can be efficiently mapped out: goal, timing, and scope. Building on our proposed dimensions, we develop a typology of five different organizational responses. With this, we show that organizational responses are more diverse than a one-dimensional scale could show but that the heterogeneity is somehow limited as the positions on the dimensions are not independent but correlated. To understand this observed limited heterogeneity, we proceed by identifying reasons behind different organizational responses. Furthermore, we discuss the theoretical implications of our findings for research on organizational adaptation and sustainability.

scholarly journals Erratum to: Trends in Research Literature Describing Dysphagia in Motor Neuron Diseases (MND): A Scoping Review

Dysphagia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 748-748
Author(s):  
Ashley A. Waito ◽  
Teresa J. Valenzano ◽  
Melanie Peladeau-Pigeon ◽  
Catriona M. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Motor Neuron Diseases

scholarly journals Promotion of Mental Health Literacy in Adolescents: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9500
Author(s):  
Joana Nobre ◽  
Ana Paula Oliveira ◽  
Francisco Monteiro ◽  
Carlos Sequeira ◽  
Carme Ferré-Grau
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Classroom Environment ◽  
Mental Health Literacy ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Stigma Reduction ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
School Settings ◽  
Good Mental Health

In recent years, there has been an important commitment to the development of programs to promote mental health literacy (MHL) among adolescents, due to the prevalence of mental health problems and the low level of MHL that affects this group. The aim of this study was to map the structure and context of programmes/interventions for promoting MHL among adolescents in school settings. A scoping review was conducted following the guidelines of The Joanna Briggs Institute. We searched for studies on programmes/interventions promoting at least one of the components of MHL of adolescents, written in Portuguese, English or Spanish, published from 2013 to 2020, in MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, SciELO, SCOPUS, OpenGrey, RCAAP and in the article reference lists. This review included 29 articles. The majority of programmes/interventions addressed one or more of the four components of MHL, with the knowledge of mental disorders and stigma reduction components being the most covered; were taught by adolescent’s regular teachers; used face to face interventions; had a height variable duration; used non-validated instruments; were implemented in a classroom environment; and showed statistically significant improvements in adolescent’s MHL levels. More research is needed to implement/construct programmes/interventions promoting adolescents’ MHL concerning knowledge on how to obtain and maintain good mental health.

scholarly journals Trends in Research Literature Describing Dysphagia in Motor Neuron Diseases (MND): A Scoping Review

Dysphagia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 734-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley A. Waito ◽  
Teresa J. Valenzano ◽  
Melanie Peladeau-Pigeon ◽  
Catriona M. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Motor Neuron Diseases

scholarly journals Mapping the study topics and characteristics of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis research literature: a protocol for a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e024212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiko Kamitani ◽  
Adebukola H Johnson ◽  
Megan Wichser ◽  
Yuko Mizuno ◽  
Julia B DeLuca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

IntroductionThe research literature addressing pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has increased considerably over the last decade. To better understand the research areas and explore research gaps, we will conduct a scoping review to map study topics and describe study characteristics and populations in publications focused on PrEP. The purpose of this protocol is to describe planned methods for the scoping review.Methods and analysisWe will implement a comprehensive systematic literature search to identify PrEP citations in the United States Centres for Disease Control and Prevention HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis Project database that is unique and extensively focuses on HIV/sexually transmitted infections/hepatitis. We will screen and include studies that are (1) focused on HIV PrEP, (2) primary research with human participants and (3) published in English. Two reviewers will independently abstract data on authors’ names, study years, countries, population characteristics and design. To describe and summarise study topics, we will use 19 codes and five categories that were developed from a preliminary study. The five categories arecategory 1: potential PrEP user/prescriber(behaviours/issues for potential PrEP takers/healthcare professionals),category 2: considerations while on PrEP(experiences of and problems related to staying on or prescribing PrEP),category 3: PrEP efficacy and safety(biomedical aspects and medication efficacy),category 4: methods of and experiences with PrEP clinical trials(possesses/experiences of clinical trials) andcategory 5: cost-effectiveness or economic evaluation(cost studies). Data will be analysed with descriptive statistics.Ethics and disseminationThe findings will be presented at HIV-related conferences and published in peer-review journals.

scholarly journals Mapping the Study Characteristics and Topics of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Research Literature: A Scoping Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 505-522
Author(s):  
Emiko Kamitani ◽  
Yuko Mizuno ◽  
Megan Wichser ◽  
Adebukola H. Adegbite ◽  
Julia B. DeLuca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Prep Awareness ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Since WHO released the first PrEP guidance in 2012, the PrEP research literature has rapidly increased, but PrEP uptake is still low. To identify research gaps, this scoping review describes study characteristics, identifies populations, and maps study topics in PrEP publications. We identified 561 PrEP primary studies published in English between 2006 and 2018. The most commonly used study design was cross-sectional. Almost half of studies were conducted in non-U.S. countries and focused on men who have sex with men. We mapped study topics using five categories. The most studied category was Potential PrEP user/prescriber (41.3%) followed by Considerations while on PrEP (28.2%), PrEP efficacy and safety (20.9%), Cost-effectiveness or economic evaluation (5.2%), and Methods of and experiences with PrEP clinical trials (4.2%). Although the PrEP literature has dramatically increased, some research areas (e.g., PrEP awareness in non-U.S. countries, intervention studies to promote PrEP use) and populations (e.g., Black women) are still understudied.

scholarly journals Protocol for a scoping review study to identify and map treatments for dysphagia following moderate to severe acquired brain injury

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e029061
Author(s):  
Signe Janum Eskildsen ◽  
Daniela Jakobsen ◽  
Christian Gunge Riberholt ◽  
Ingrid Poulsen ◽  
Derek John Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Severe Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Dysphagia Treatment

IntroductionDysphagia is highly prevalent in patients with acquired brain injury (ABI) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. However, dysphagia management varies greatly between units and internationally, and there is currently no consensus, standard intervention or treatment. A review mapping the existing literature on dysphagia treatment is needed. In this paper, the protocol for a scoping review to identify and map dysphagia treatment following ABI is outlined.ObjectiveThe objective of the scoping review is to systematically map the existing research literature to answer the research question:Which non-surgical, non-pharmacological interventions are used in the treatment of dysphagia in patients with moderate and severe acquired brain injury in the acute and subacute phase?Methods and analysisThe methodological framework for the study is based on methodology by Arksey and O’Malley and methodological advancement by Levacet al. We will search electronic databases in June 2019: MEDLINE (Ovid); Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library); EMBASE (Ovid); CINAHL (EBSCO); PsycINFO; Science Citation Index Expanded on Web of Science; OTseeker; Speechbite and PEDro. The search terms will be limited to patients with moderate to severe ABI and dysphagia. Four review authors will independently conduct an initial screening of title and abstract and subsequent full-text review of included studies. Data will be extracted and summarised in diagrammatic or tabular form (numerical summary), and a descriptive format (narrative summary). The strategy for data synthesis entails qualitative methods to categorise the interventions based on the treatment modality and subgroup diagnosis.Ethics and disseminationScoping the existing literature will provide a foundation for further evaluating and developing our dysphagia treatment and inform future studies assessing the effectiveness of treatments. The review is part of an ongoing expansive research into dysphagia. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations.

The relative effects of environmental, internal and contextual factors on organizational learning: the case of Hong Kong schools under reforms

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.L. Jack Lam ◽  
S.K. Nicholas Pang
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Organizational Learning ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Organizational Adaptation ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Supportive Culture ◽  
Historical Question

In the context of rapid environmental changes under current school reform, the present paper attempts to locate an answer for a historical question related to the sources of organizational changes and for a prevailing question probing the relationships among external, internal and contextual factors affecting school organizational learning. Based on the information provided by 1,197 teaching staff from 67 Hong Kong government‐aided elementary and secondary schools, the present study confirms the proposition advanced by the “strategic choice school”, that it is leadership action which accounts for organizational adaptation. Moreover, through a series of path analyses, transformational leadership along with supportive culture and flexible structure are mainly accountable for organizational learning, while external and contextual conditions provide the additional incentives in dictating the extent of organizational learning that is taking place in schools.

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