scholarly journals Mapping the Study Characteristics and Topics of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Research Literature: A Scoping Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 505-522
Author(s):  
Emiko Kamitani ◽  
Yuko Mizuno ◽  
Megan Wichser ◽  
Adebukola H. Adegbite ◽  
Julia B. DeLuca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Prep Awareness ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Since WHO released the first PrEP guidance in 2012, the PrEP research literature has rapidly increased, but PrEP uptake is still low. To identify research gaps, this scoping review describes study characteristics, identifies populations, and maps study topics in PrEP publications. We identified 561 PrEP primary studies published in English between 2006 and 2018. The most commonly used study design was cross-sectional. Almost half of studies were conducted in non-U.S. countries and focused on men who have sex with men. We mapped study topics using five categories. The most studied category was Potential PrEP user/prescriber (41.3%) followed by Considerations while on PrEP (28.2%), PrEP efficacy and safety (20.9%), Cost-effectiveness or economic evaluation (5.2%), and Methods of and experiences with PrEP clinical trials (4.2%). Although the PrEP literature has dramatically increased, some research areas (e.g., PrEP awareness in non-U.S. countries, intervention studies to promote PrEP use) and populations (e.g., Black women) are still understudied.

scholarly journals Mapping the study topics and characteristics of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis research literature: a protocol for a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e024212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiko Kamitani ◽  
Adebukola H Johnson ◽  
Megan Wichser ◽  
Yuko Mizuno ◽  
Julia B DeLuca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

IntroductionThe research literature addressing pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has increased considerably over the last decade. To better understand the research areas and explore research gaps, we will conduct a scoping review to map study topics and describe study characteristics and populations in publications focused on PrEP. The purpose of this protocol is to describe planned methods for the scoping review.Methods and analysisWe will implement a comprehensive systematic literature search to identify PrEP citations in the United States Centres for Disease Control and Prevention HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis Project database that is unique and extensively focuses on HIV/sexually transmitted infections/hepatitis. We will screen and include studies that are (1) focused on HIV PrEP, (2) primary research with human participants and (3) published in English. Two reviewers will independently abstract data on authors’ names, study years, countries, population characteristics and design. To describe and summarise study topics, we will use 19 codes and five categories that were developed from a preliminary study. The five categories arecategory 1: potential PrEP user/prescriber(behaviours/issues for potential PrEP takers/healthcare professionals),category 2: considerations while on PrEP(experiences of and problems related to staying on or prescribing PrEP),category 3: PrEP efficacy and safety(biomedical aspects and medication efficacy),category 4: methods of and experiences with PrEP clinical trials(possesses/experiences of clinical trials) andcategory 5: cost-effectiveness or economic evaluation(cost studies). Data will be analysed with descriptive statistics.Ethics and disseminationThe findings will be presented at HIV-related conferences and published in peer-review journals.

scholarly journals Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis and Post-Exposure Prophylaxis awareness among men who have sex with men in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Acelino Francisco Luz Nunes Queiroz ◽  
Alvaro Francisco Lopes Sousa ◽  
Sonia Dias ◽  
Isabel Amélia Costa Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Prep Awareness ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Abstract AIM: We aim to characterize PEP and PrEP awareness in alarge national sample of Brazilian MSM. SUBJECT: Various disparities exist in HIV transmission among men who have sex withmen (MSM). Post-exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) and Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)has been shown as important strategies to prevent HIV, but there is variation in uptakewithin the MSM population. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional,population survey-based, analytical study, conducted exclusively online in all theregions of Brazil, with a sample of 2250 MSM. The multivariate logistic regressionmodel was adopted to produce adjusted odds ratios (ORa), considering a significancelevel at .05. RESULTS: We found a low knowledge about forms of prevention, with 54.6%claiming to know PEP and 46.4% PrEP. Men who did not recognize themselves ashomosexual, that is bisexual (ORa = 1.89, 95% CI 1.48-2.40) and heterosexual (ORa =3.83, 95% CI 2.80-5.24) were more likely to know the PEP. Having a higher minimumwage (ORa = 0.72, 95% CI 0.56-0.93) decreased the chances of knowing PrEP, aswell as having a higher level of education, factors that usually coexist, with thegraduate level being the highest of them (ORa = 0.13, 95% CI 0.06-0.28). CONCLUSION: Men still seem to know PEP from experience, after the failure of other preventivemeasures and not beforehand. PrEP awareness is permeated by barriers related tostructure and social determinants.

Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Awareness and Acceptability Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Taiwan

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 490-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deng-Min Chuang ◽  
Peter A. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Prep Awareness ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Gay and other men who have sex with men (MSM) account for the vast majority of new HIV infections in Taiwan, yet utilization of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) remains low. We examined correlates of PrEP awareness and acceptability among MSM in Taiwan. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 176 MSM (mean age = 27.4 years) recruited through community-based organizations in two cities. Less than half of participants (47.2%) were aware of PrEP; however, when it was described to them, the majority (72.2%) indicated PrEP acceptability. In multivariable analyses, condomless anal sex was negatively associated with PrEP awareness, and higher levels of vicarious stigma and anticipated PrEP disclosure to sexual partners were positively associated with PrEP acceptability. Our findings indicate the need for targeted interventions to increase PrEP awareness among MSM engaged in high-risk behaviors and implementation strategies that address sociocultural factors to accelerate PrEP utilization among MSM in Taiwan.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) in a Sample of Italian Men Who Have SEX with MEN (MSM)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4772
Author(s):  
Gianluca Voglino ◽  
Maria Rosaria Gualano ◽  
Stefano Rousset ◽  
Pietro Forghieri ◽  
Isabella Fraire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Prep Awareness ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Background: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is suitable for high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infection risk people, foremost among whom are males who have sex with other males (MSM). This study evaluated knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding PrEP in a sample of Italian MSM, in order to hypothesize strategies to implement PrEP awareness and use. No previous study has assessed this issue; Methods: An online survey was given to an opportunistic sample of Italian MSM. The questionnaire investigated sexual behaviour and habits, HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) knowledge and PrEP awareness, attitudes and practices. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to identify factors associated with PrEP knowledge; Results: A total of 196 MSM participated in this survey. Overall data showed that 87.2% of participants knew what PrEP is, but only 7.5% have ever used it. The main reason for not using PrEP was the cost of the therapy (26.9%). The principal source of PrEP information was the Internet (68.4%). Being regularly tested for HIV was significantly associated with PrEP knowledge (adjusted odds ratio (AdjOR) = 3.16; confidence interval (CI) = 1.06–9.29); Conclusions: Knowledge regarding PrEP was well established, but PrEP use was not equally widespread. It is necessary to improve research on PrEP usage in order to PrEP access to be granted.

scholarly journals Pre-exposure prophylaxis' knowledge, attitudes, practices amongst italian men who have sex with men

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Voglino ◽  
MR Gualano ◽  
S Rousset ◽  
F Bert ◽  
R Siliquini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Barriers To Access ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Prep Awareness ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Abstract Background Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is suitable for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)high-infection-risk people, foremost amongst males who have sex with other males (MSM). This study evaluated knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding PrEP in a sample of Italian MSM, in order to hypothesize strategies to implement PrEP awareness and use. Methods An online survey was given to an opportunistic sample of Italian MSM. The questionnaire investigated sexual behaviour, knowledge on HIV and PrEP awareness, attitudes and practices. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to identify possible associations with PrEP knowledge. Results A total of 196 MSM completed the survey. Overall data showed very good HIV and safe sexual behaviour knowledge (94.4% of correct answers). Nevertheless, our sample rarely used PrEP because of existing barriers: high therapy price (26.9%)and fear of side effects (23.8%). Only 10.3% of partecipants were informed on HIV and PReP by institutional channels, even less (7.5%) from specialized physicians and general practitioners. The most significant association with PrEP knowledge was having regular HIV-tests (adjusted odds ratio (AdjOR) = 3.16; confidence interval (CI) = 1.06-9.29); Conclusions PreP's Knowledge was well established, but PrEP use was not widespread. It is necessary to improve communication on PrEP and to lower existing barriers in order to grant access to PrEP access. Key messages Barriers to access PrEP have to be lowered. Healthcare personnel has to be involved in PrEP's benefits communication.

scholarly journals PrEP users among Lisbon MSM Cohort participants – A first look after PrEP implementation in Portugal

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Fernandes ◽  
P Meireles ◽  
M Rocha ◽  
J Rojas ◽  
H Barros
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Country ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract Background Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with tenofovir/emtricitabine has shown to be effective in preventing HIV among high-risk HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM). Portugal made PrEP available in February 2018, but few MSM reported PrEP use before. We aimed to compare the sociodemographic characteristics of MSM using PrEP and those knowing PrEP but not using and to compare MSM who started PrEP before and after its implementation in Portugal. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis, using Lisbon MSM Cohort data - an open prospective cohort of HIV-negative MSM testing at a community-based center in Lisbon - regarding the first time PrEP use was reported. Data from March 2015 to April 2019 was used. In this period 2142 MSM participated in the cohort and reported to know PrEP of whom 160 (7.5%) reported to use it. 83 PrEP-users answered a subset of questions about PrEP. Comparisons were performed using t-test, Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. Results Comparing with non-users, PrEP users were significantly older (Mean: 35.7, SD 9.4 vs. 30.8, SD 9.2, p < 0.001), had more frequently a Master or PhD degree (37.2% vs. 27.4%, p = 0.017), and were more frequently born in a foreign country (42.2% vs. 31.8%, p < 0.001). Groups were similar in terms sexual orientation. Among the 83 PrEP users answering more questions about PrEP, 28 (33.7%) reported to have ordered their PrEP medication online, 24 (28.9%) obtained it in a medical appointment in Portugal, 15 (18.1%) in a foreign country, 4 in a clinical trial or demonstration project. Of all PrEP users, 30 (19.4%) started PrEP only after February 2018, and no sociodemographic differences were found comparing with those who started before. Conclusions MSM reporting PrEP use were more educated, older and more frequently born in a foreign country than non-PrEP users. MSM starting PrEP before and after February 2018 were similar, which may indicate that making PrEP available did not yet reach a more diverse group of MSM. Key messages MSM reporting PrEP use were more educated, older and more frequently born in a foreign country than non-PrEP users. MSM starting PrEP before and after February 2018 were similar, which may indicate that making PrEP available did not yet reach a more diverse group of MSM.

scholarly journals Rectal Microbiome Alterations Associated With Oral Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A Fulcher ◽  
Fan Li ◽  
Ryan R Cook ◽  
Sara Zabih ◽  
Alexander Louie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Lasso Regression ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Selection Operator ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Abstract Background Oral daily tenofovir (TFV) disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective for HIVprevention, yet long-term effects are not fully understood. We investigated the effects of PrEP on the rectal microbiome in a cohort of men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods This cross-sectional analysis included HIV-negative MSM either on PrEP (n = 37) or not (n = 37) selected from an ongoing cohort using propensity score matching. Rectal swabs were used to examine microbiome composition using 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing, and associations between PrEP use and microbiota abundance were examined. Hair specimens were used to quantify TFV and FTC exposure over the past 6 weeks on a subset of participants (n = 15). Results Pre-exposure prophylaxis use was associated with a significant increase in Streptococcus abundance (adjusted P = .015). Similar associations were identified using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, confirming the increase in Streptococcus and also showing increased Mitsuokella, Fusobacterium, and decreased Escherichia/Shigella. Increased Fusobacterium was significantly associated with increasing TFV exposure. Conclusions Oral TDF/FTC for PrEP is associated with rectal microbiome changes compared to well matched controls, specifically increased Streptococcus and Fusobacterium abundance. This study highlights the need for future investigations of the role of microbiome changes on HIV susceptibility and effectiveness of PrEP.

scholarly journals Neighborhood Characteristics and Frailty: A Scoping Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. e270-e285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Fritz ◽  
Malcolm P Cutchin ◽  
Jamil Gharib ◽  
Neehar Haryadi ◽  
Meet Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Index Approach ◽  
Study Characteristics

Abstract Background and Objectives Frailty is highly prevalent in later life and associated with early mortality and adverse health outcomes. The neighborhood has been identified as an important contributor to individual health, and neighborhood characteristics may contribute to frailty development. A scoping review was conducted of the peer-reviewed literature to better understand how physical and social neighborhood characteristics contribute to frailty. Research Design and Methods Following an established scoping review methodology, we searched four peer-reviewed databases for relevant studies published from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2018. Data extracted from studies included study characteristics, operationalization of neighborhood, the conceptual model of the neighborhood–frailty relationship, operationalization of frailty, and study findings for associations among neighborhood variables and frailty indicators. Results A total of 522 articles were identified and 13 articles were included in the final data charting. Existing studies suggest that neighborhood characteristics are associated with frailty in later life. Few studies articulated a conceptual model identifying exact mechanisms through which neighborhood factors affected frailty. Studies designs were mostly cross-sectional. Longitudinal studies did not measure neighborhood characteristics over time. Studies varied considerably in how they operationalized the neighborhood. Frailty was most commonly assessed using a 5-point phenotype or a frailty index approach. Discussion and Implications Findings indicate that research on the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and frailty is an emerging area of inquiry. Additional studies are needed to more definitely explicate mechanisms through which neighborhoods contribute to, or protect older adults from, frailty.

scholarly journals Antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis preferences among men who have sex with men in Vietnam: results from a nationwide cross-sectional survey

Sexual Health ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Oldenburg ◽  
Bao Le ◽  
Hoang Thi Huyen ◽  
Dinh Duc Thien ◽  
Nguyen Hoang Quan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rectal Microbicides ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Rectal Microbicide ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Background The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Vietnam is concentrated in subgroups of the population, including men who have sex with men (MSM). Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a viable strategy for HIV prevention, but knowledge about and preferences for PrEP delivery among Vietnamese MSM are not well understood. Methods: In 2015, an online survey was conducted with recruitment via social networking websites for MSM and peer recruitment. A description of daily oral, long-acting injectable, and rectal microbicide formulations of PrEP was provided to participants. Participants were asked about their prior awareness of and interest in PrEP, and ranked their most preferred PrEP modality. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess factors associated with having heard of PrEP and preference for each PrEP modality. Results: Of 548 participants who answered demographic and PrEP-related questions, 26.8% had previously heard of PrEP and most (65.7%) endorsed rectal microbicides as their most preferred PrEP delivery modality. Commonly-cited perceived barriers to uptake of PrEP included concern about side-effects, perception about being HIV positive, and family or friends finding out about their sexual behaviour. In multivariable models, older participants less often endorsed rectal microbicides (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.95 per year, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91–0.99) and more often endorsed long-acting injectables (AOR 1.08 per year, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.14) as their preferred PrEP modality. Participants who were willing to pay more for PrEP less often endorsed rectal microbicides (AOR 0.81, 95% CI 0.72–0.92) and more often endorsed long-acting injectables (AOR 1.17, 95% CI 1.01–1.35) and daily oral pills (AOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.00–1.35) as their preferred form of PrEP. Conclusions: A variety of PrEP modalities were acceptable to MSM in Vietnam, but low knowledge of PrEP may be a barrier to implementation.

scholarly journals The relevance of pre-exposure prophylaxis in gay men’s lives and their motivations to use it: a qualitative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge L. Alcantar Heredia ◽  
Shelly Goldklank
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Peace Of Mind ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Primary Determinant ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Prep Awareness ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Abstract Background HIV has affected gay men disproportionately in the U.S. for four decades. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) was developed as a prevention strategy for individuals at high risk of HIV infection. Although highly effective, many gay and other men who have sex with men continue not to take PrEP. Researchers have focused on sexual risk behaviors as the primary determinant of who should be on PrEP and identified various objective systemic and societal barriers to PrEP access. Public health measures have promoted PrEP based on these objective criteria. Researchers have recently begun to inquire into subjective and relational motivators for PrEP usage beyond self-perceived risk. Methods Participants were recruited through snowball sampling. Data were collected between August and November 2018 from PrEP users (n = 7) and PrEP non-users (n = 6). Data were analyzed in a modified grounded theory qualitative analysis. Results The thirteen participants’ narratives contained three superordinate categories: (1) what it’s like to be someone on PrEP, (2) an environment of changing sexual norms, and (3) the continued importance of education. These categories comprised ten themes, each of which had various repeating ideas. The ten themes were the following: (1) PrEP’s social acceptability, (2) PrEP and HIV stigma, (3) PrEP and sexual relationships, (4) dissatisfaction with condoms, (5) negotiating risk, (6) peace of mind, (7) developing a relationship with PrEP, (8) putting yourself first, (9) PrEP awareness, and (10) PrEP logistics. Conclusions The gay men in our study took into consideration their social roles and relationships, their personal beliefs, and emotional histories as well as risk as prominent motivators for PrEP use. They stated that PrEP use is associated with their sense of belonging, trust, and security about their sexuality. They also identified the most relevant aspects of the medication (e.g., side effects, adherence, and awareness) to their lives.

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