scholarly journals A Maneuver Evaluation Algorithm for Lane-Change Assistance System

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 774
Author(s):  
Bohan Jiang ◽  
Xiaohui Li ◽  
Yujun Zeng ◽  
Daxue Liu
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Information ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Lane Change ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Evaluation Algorithm ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Lane Keeping

This paper proposes a maneuver evaluation approach to enhance driving safety by providing decision aids. Based on the deliberative understanding of environmental semantic information, the proposed algorithm evaluates the risk of candidate driving maneuvers, including aggressive lane-change maneuver, passive lane-change maneuver, lane-change abort maneuver, and lane-keeping maneuver. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through various simulation experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach is capable of efficiently evaluating the feasibility and the cost of each candidate driving maneuver. The approach also provides suggestions on how to adjust the speed, and when to initiate a lane-change maneuver.

scholarly journals Development and Testing of a Methodology for the Assessment of Acceptability of LKA Systems

Machines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Salvati ◽  
Matteo d’Amore ◽  
Anita Fiorentino ◽  
Arcangelo Pellegrino ◽  
Pasquale Sena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Force Feedback ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Human In The Loop ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Driving Stability ◽  
Lane Keeping

In recent years, driving simulators have been widely used by automotive manufacturers and researchers in human-in-the-loop experiments, because they can reduce time and prototyping costs, and provide unlimited parametrization, more safety, and higher repeatability. Simulators play an important role in studies about driver behavior in operating conditions or with unstable vehicles. The aim of the research is to study the effects that the force feedback (f.f.b.), provided to steering wheel by a lane-keeping-assist (LKA) system, has on a driver’s response in simulators. The steering’s force feedback system is tested by reproducing the conditions of criticality of the LKA system in order to minimize the distance required to recover the driving stability as a function of set f.f.b. intensity and speed. The results, obtained in three specific criticality conditions, show that the behaviour of the LKA system, reproduced in the simulator, is not immediately understood by the driver and, sometimes, it is in opposition with the interventions performed by the driver to ensure driving safety. The results also compare the performance of the subjects, either overall and classified into subgroups, with reference to the perception of the LKA system, evaluated by means of a questionnaire. The proposed experimental methodology is to be regarded as a contribution for the integration of acceptance tests in the evaluation of automation systems.

scholarly journals Patients’ views about screening for atrial fibrillation (AF): a qualitative study in primary care

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e033061
Author(s):  
Mark Lown ◽  
Christopher R Wilcox ◽  
Stephanie Hughes ◽  
Miriam Santer ◽  
George Lewith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Inductive Thematic Analysis

ObjectivesThere has been increased interest in screening for atrial fibrillation (AF) with commissioned pilot schemes, ongoing large clinical trials and the emergence of inexpensive consumer single-lead ECG devices that can be used to detect AF. This qualitative study aimed to explore patients’ views and understanding of AF and AF screening to determine acceptability and inform future recommendations.SettingA single primary care practice in Hampshire, UK.Participants15 participants (11 female) were interviewed from primary care who had taken part in an AF screening trial. A semistructured interview guide was used flexibly to enable the interviewer to explore any relevant topics raised by the participants. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsParticipants generally had an incomplete understanding of AF and conflated it with other heart problems or with raised blood pressure. With regards to potential drawbacks from screening, some participants considered anxiety and the cost of implementation, but none acknowledged potential harms associated with screening such as side effects of anticoagulation treatment or the risk of further investigations. The screening was generally well accepted, and participants were generally in favour of engaging with prolonged screening.ConclusionsOur study highlights that there may be poor understanding (of both the nature of AF and potential negatives of screening) among patients who have been screened for AF. Further work is required to determine if resources including decision aids can address this important knowledge gap and improve clinical informed consent for AF screening.Trial registration numberISRCTN 17495003.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF IMPACT LOAD ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE SLABS REINFORCED BY CFRP BARS

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 68-79
Author(s):  
Hind T. Khamies ◽  
◽  
Mu’taz K. Medhlom ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Load ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Shear Capacity ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Slab Thickness ◽  
Empirical Formulas ◽  
Steel Bars ◽  
Rc Slabs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Frp Bars

Using FRP bars in the concrete structures under harsh environment produces extension of those service life and dropping of the cost of their lifecycle. This study investigated the influence of slab thickness, material of rebar, arrangement of reinforcement and mass’s dropped on the dynamic behavior of RC slabs by using laboratory experiments. Seven specimens 1550×1550 mm dimension with two thickness 120 and 150mm, single control specimen reinforced with steel bars and six specimens reinforced by CFRP bars were experimentally investigated under sequential dropping-weight ranged from 50 to 150kg, it was a rigid steel projectile, used to apply impacting load. 2.5m was the height of dropping. For estimated penetration depth, three empirical formulas have been used, ACE formulae was preferable predictor than other formulas. Different codes were used to calculation punching shear capacity and critical velocity of perforation and compared the experimental results with these codes. The experimental results showed that the shear properties of slabs have a significant effect in their general behavior. And preferable performance in FRP slabs than slabs reinforced with steel can be achieved which considering high strength and corrosion resistance of this material, which makes it a suitable choice for reinforcing materials.

scholarly journals Applying Heuristics to Generate Test Cases for Automated Driving Safety Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10166
Author(s):  
Leonard Stepien ◽  
Silvia Thal ◽  
Roman Henze ◽  
Hiroki Nakamura ◽  
Jacobo Antona-Makoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Naturalistic Driving ◽  
Real Traffic

Comprehensive safety evaluation methodologies for automated driving systems that account for the large complexity real traffic are currently being developed. This work adopts a scenario-based safety evaluation approach and aims at investigating an advanced methodology to generate test cases by applying heuristics to naturalistic driving data. The targeted requirements of the generated test cases are severity, exposure, and realism. The methodology starts with the extraction of scenarios from the data and their split in two subsets—containing the relatively more critical scenarios and, respectively, the normal driving scenarios. Each subset is analysed separately, in regard to the parameter value distributions and occurrence of dependencies. Subsequently, a heuristic search-based approach is applied to generate test cases. The resulting test cases clearly discriminate between safety critical and normal driving scenarios, with the latter covering a wider spectrum than the former. The verification of the generated test cases proves that the proposed methodology properly accounts for both severity and exposure in the test case generation process. Overall, the current study contributes to fill a gap concerning the specific applicable methodologies capable of accounting for both severity and exposure and calls for further research to prove its applicability in more complex environments and scenarios.

Eco-Friendly Composites Based on Bitter Tea Oil Meal and Polylactic Acid

2021 ◽  
Vol 889 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Yeng Fong Shih ◽  
Jia Yi Xu ◽  
Nian Yi Wu ◽  
Yu Ting Chiu ◽  
Hui Ming Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Polybutylene Succinate ◽  
The Cost

Bitter tea oil meal (BTOM) is the main waste from the production of bitter tea oil which is squeezed from bitter tea seeds. The purpose of this study is to reuse the BTOM as an additive of the polylactic acid (PLA) to prepare eco-friendly composites. The effects of the addition of BTOM and maleic anhydride grafted polybutylene succinate (MAPBS) on the properties of PLA were investigated. The addition of MAPBS is mainly to increase the toughness of the PLA, and to increase the compatibility between BTOM and PLA. The experimental results show that the compatibility of PLA and BTOM and impact resistance of the composites can be improved by addition of MAPBS. The composite with 5% BTOM and 8% MAPBS exhibited the best tensile strength. In addition, the composite with 5% BTOM and 5% MAPBS has the best impact strength. It was found that the addition of BTOM and MAPBS can promote the crystallization of PLA. Moreover, the addition of BTOM not only can reduce the usage of PLA and the cost of the materials, but also reuse and reduce the waste from food industry.

Economy Based Resource Allocation in IaaS Cloud

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemant Kumar Mehta ◽  
Eshan Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Service Provider ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
Power Storage ◽  
The Cost

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) offers hardware resources (computing power, storage and network) as a service to its customers. The customers order these resources in the form of a lease. Aim of any service provider is to make a leasing plan to maximize the number of accepted leases. Opennebula is popular open source toolkit for building IaaS cloud. Opennebula has its own lease manager and it can also be integrated with Haizea which is an open source lease manager. An economy based algorithm should focus on incentives of both the consumers and the providers. In this paper, an economy based leasing algorithm is developed and integrated with Haizea. This economy based algorithm takes care of incentives of both the parties i.e. customer and service provider. It uses the concept of optimization techniques to optimize the costs. The incentive for customers is lower cost of execution of its lease on the capable node as compare to existing non-economy based algorithms. If an appropriate resource is not found, then the algorithm uses negotiation on budget and resource demand; that increases the number of accepted lease. Thus, incentive for providers is an increase in profit as the amount of accepted leases increase. Experimental results show that the proposed economy based leasing algorithm reduces the cost of execution of the consumer’s lease and increases the profit of the provider to a considerable extent.

Minimum Span Frequency Assignment Based on a Multiagent Evolutionary Algorithm

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Jinshu Li ◽  
Weicai Zhong ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Ruochen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Algorithms ◽  
Evolutionary Algorithm ◽  
Frequency Spectrum ◽  
Multiagent Systems ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Frequency Assignment ◽  
Assignment Problems ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Very High

In frequency assignment problems (FAPs), separation of the frequencies assigned to the transmitters is necessary to avoid the interference. However, unnecessary separation causes an excess requirement of spectrum, the cost of which may be very high. Since FAPs are closely related to T-coloring problems (TCP), multiagent systems and evolutionary algorithms are combined to form a new algorithm for minimum span FAPs on the basis of the model of TCP, which is named as Multiagent Evolutionary Algorithm for Minimum Span FAPs (MAEA-MSFAPs). The objective of MAEA-MSFAPs is to minimize the frequency spectrum required for a given level of reception quality over the network. In MAEA-MSFAPs, all agents live in a latticelike environment. Making use of the designed behaviors, MAEA-MSFAPs realizes the ability of agents to sense and act on the environment in which they live. During the process of interacting with the environment and other agents, each agent increases the energy as much as possible so that MAEA-MSFAPs can find the optima. Experimental results on TCP with different sizes and Philadelphia benchmark for FAPs show that MAEA-MSFAPs have a good performance and outperform the compared methods.

scholarly journals FTP: An Approximate Fast Privacy-Preserving Equality Test Protocol for Authentication in Internet of Things

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youwen Zhu ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Jiabin Yuan ◽  
Xianmin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Privacy Preserving ◽  
Fundamental Operation ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Running Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Equality Test

Privacy-preserving string equality test is a fundamental operation of many algorithms, including privacy-preserving authentication in Internet of Things (IoT). Existing secure equality test schemes can theoretically achieve string equality comparison and preserve the private strings. However, they suffer from heavy computation and communication cost, especially while the strings are of hundreds of bits or longer, which is not suitable for IoT applications. In this paper, we propose an approximate  Fast privacy-preserving equality  Test  Protocol (FTP), which can securely complete string equality test and achieve high running efficiency at the cost of little accuracy loss. We strictly analyze the accuracy of our proposed scheme and formally prove its security. Additionally, we leverage extensive simulation experiments to evaluate the running cost, which confirms our high efficiency; for instance, our proposed FTP can securely compare two 256-bit strings within 0.7 seconds on ordinary laptops.

Node Importance Evaluation of Anti-Missile Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 765-767 ◽  
pp. 1098-1102
Author(s):  
Yu Xia ◽  
Fei Peng
Keyword(s):  
Complex Networks ◽  
Complex Network ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Node Importance ◽  
Correlation Degree ◽  
Evaluation Algorithm

in order to improve the efficiency and validity of node importance evaluation, a new evaluation method for node importance in complex networks was proposed based on node approach degree and node correlation degree. The basic idea of the method is that the larger the approach degree of a node is, the closer to center of a complex network the node is and the more important it is; the bigger the correlation degree of a node is, the more important the node is. An evaluation algorithm corresponding to the method was designed for the warship fleet cooperation anti-missile network. Finally, the validity of the proposed method was verified by simulation experiments.

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