scholarly journals Equivalent Circuit Model for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells Operating at Different Temperatures and Irradiance

Electronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Bronzoni ◽  
Lorenzo Colace ◽  
Andrea De Iacovo ◽  
Antonino Laudani ◽  
Gabriele Lozito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Model ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The One

The modeling of photovoltaic cells is an essential step in the analysis of the performances and characterization of PV systems. This paper proposes an experimental study of the dependence of the five parameters of the one-diode model on atmospheric conditions, i.e., irradiance and temperature in the case of thin-film solar cells. The extraction of the five parameters was performed starting from two sets of experimental data obtained from Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells fabricated by the low-temperature pulsed electron deposition technique. A reduced form approach of the one-diode model has been adopted, leading to an accurate identification of the cell. It was possible to elaborate suitable relations describing the behavior of the parameters as functions of the environmental conditions. This allowed accurately predicting the trends of the parameters from a pair of curves, instead of a whole set of measurements. The developed model describing the dependence on irradiance and temperature was validated by means of a large set of experimental measurements on several Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) devices built with the same technological process.

Optical and electrical characterization of CdS-Glycine thin films with ammonia free buffer grown at different temperatures for solar cells applications

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Berman-Mendoza ◽  
D. Quiñones-Urías ◽  
S. Ferra-González ◽  
A. Vera-Marquina ◽  
A. Rojas-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Different Temperatures

Test Bench for Characterization and Durability Tests of Motorbike Clutches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Previati ◽  
M. Gobbi
Keyword(s):  
Test Bench ◽  
Friction Material ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Automatic Transmissions ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Durability Assessment ◽  
Good Repeatability ◽  
The One

Abstract In the paper, a new test bench for characterization and durability assessment of multi disc wet clutches for motorbike applications is presented. The design of the new test bench is inspired by the current SAE standards J2490 and J286 that refer to the testing of friction material for automatic transmissions wet clutches. Differently from the test bench described in the two standards, which is mainly designed to test the friction material, the test bench presented in this paper has been designed for testing the whole clutch, comprising all discs and the actuation mechanism. The lubrication system of the clutch utilized on the test bench is very similar to the one present on the actual motorbike. The design and instrumentation of the new test rig is analysed and discussed in the paper. The test bench has been used for the characterization of different motorbike clutches. The bench has proved to be able to measure the clutch characteristic for different temperatures and clutch wear levels. A very good repeatability of the tests has been achieved allowing for a comparison of different clutches design, friction material properties and operating conditions (temperature, ..). Some experimental results are presented and discussed in the paper.

Characterization of the Evolution in Metastable Defects Created by Recombination of Carriers Generated by Photo-generation and Injection in p-i-n a-Si:H Solar Cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingdong Deng ◽  
Benjamin Rross ◽  
Mathew Albert ◽  
Robert Collins ◽  
Christopher Wronski
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Forward Bias ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Carrier Injection ◽  
New Creation ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Dark Currents

AbstractThe creation of metastable defects in the bulk of the intrinsic layers of a-Si:H p-i-n solar cells by recombination of photo-generated carriers as well as those injected under far forward bias has been investigated. The evolutions in the defects, created with volume-absorbed red light at open circuit voltage and constant far forward bias currents, were characterized with the Shockley-Reed-Hall recombination obtained from the dark currents under low forward bias voltages. This allowed the kinetics to be studied at different temperatures in the absence of isothermal annealing. It is found that the form of the kinetics obtained with the two methods are the same and a detailed study was carried out with currents from 1 to 100mA/cm2 with carrier injection during which the electron and hole concentrations remain essentially constant. This kinetics is similar to that reported for thin film results exhibiting stretched exponential behavior with a t1/3 relation over a limited regime before the onset of saturation. By separating the contributions of the metastable defects from the intrinsic defects, their evolution is found to have a t1/2 dependence over the entire range prior to the onset of saturation. Since these kinetics also exhibit an (intensity)2t dependence they point to a rate equation for the creation of metastable defects, Nms, dNms / dt ~ (intensity)2 / Nms, which is suggestive of new creation mechanisms for SWE defects.

scholarly journals The Influence of Heating Time and Temperature on the Properties of CIGSSe Solar Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Giacomo Flammini ◽  
Nicola Debernardi ◽  
Maxime Le Ster ◽  
Brendan Dunne ◽  
Johan Bosman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Series Resistance ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Shunt Resistance ◽  
Resistance Reduction ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Lock In

Nonencapsulated CIGSSe solar cells, with a silver grid, were exposed to different temperatures for various periods in order to measure the effect of the heat exposure in CIGSSe modules. The heat treatment time and temperature were varied during the experiments, which were executed at atmospheric conditions. In all the cases, after reaching a temperature of about 300°C, theIVmeasurement showed a reduction of 2-3% in terms ofVOCandJSC. This is confirmed, respectively, by Raman and EQE measurements as well. The efficiency drop was −7%, −29%, and −48%, respectively, for 30 seconds, 300 seconds, and 600 seconds of exposure time. With temperatures larger than 225°C, the series resistance starts to increase exponentially and a secondary barrier becomes visible in theIVcurve. This barrier prevents the extraction of electrons and consequently reducing the solar cells efficiency. Lock-in thermography demonstrated the formation of shunts on the mechanical scribes only for 300 and 600 seconds exposure times. The shunt resistance reduction is in the range of 5% for all time periods.

scholarly journals Electrical and environmental parameters of the performance of polymer solar cells based on P3HT:PCBM

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1772
Author(s):  
El Hadi Chahid ◽  
Mohamed Lotfi ◽  
Osama Lotfi ◽  
My Abdelaziz Koumina ◽  
Rodolphe Heyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Polymer Solar Cells ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Bandgap Energy ◽  
Cell Efficiency ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
The One

<p>The electrical and environmental parameters of polymer solar cells (PSC) provide important information on their performance. In the present article we study the influence of temperature on the voltage-current (I-V) characteristic at different temperatures from 10 °C to 90 °C, and important parameters like bandgap energy Eg, and the energy conversion efficiency η. The one-diode electrical model, normally used for semiconductor cells, has been tested and validated for the polemeral junction. The PSC used in our study are formed by the poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). Our technique is based on the combination of two steps; the first use the Least Mean Squares (LMS) method while the second use the Newton-Raphson algorithm. The found results are compared to other recently published works, they show that the developed approach is very accurate. This precision is proved by the minimal values of statistical errors (RMSE) and the good agreement between both the experimental data and the I-V simulated curves. The obtained results show a clear and a monotonic dependence of the cell efficiency on the studied parameters.</p>

scholarly journals Comparison of two automated aerosol typing methods and their application on an EARLINET station

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalliopi Artemis Voudouri ◽  
Nikolaos Siomos ◽  
Konstantinos Michailidis ◽  
Nikolaos Papagiannopoulos ◽  
Lucia Mona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Raman Lidar ◽  
Type Definition ◽  
Typing Methods ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
The One ◽  
Aerosol Types ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Aerosol Type

Abstract. In this study we compare two automatic algorithms for the characterization of the aerosol layers derived from a Raman lidar and we test their application over a specific environment in continental Thessaloniki. Both automated aerosol typing methods base their typing on aerosol intensive properties. The methodologies are briefly described and the application on two case studies is presented. The results are checked for their consistency with satellite products and model simulations. Further application of the two classification tools was conducted. The evaluated dataset corresponds to ACTRIS/EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar NETwork) Thessaloniki data acquired during the period 2012–2015. 80 layers out of 116 (percentage of 69 %) were successfully typed by both algorithms and assigned to four major types of aerosols: Dust, Maritime, Polluted Smoke and Clean Continental. The analysis showed that the two algorithms are in a very good agreement, when applied to real atmospheric conditions, with an agreement percentage of 88.8 % for Dust, 93.7 % for Polluted Smoke and 70 % for Clean Continental. The Maritime category was the one with the largest spread. These differences are attributed to differences in defining the aerosol types for the two methods. The overall consistency of the aerosol typing between the two automatic procedures despite the different aerosol type definition, allows their applicability to lidar data for characterization purposes. The joint characterization shows the highest degree of confidence in identifying Dust and Polluted Smoke, and emphasizes the need of further investigation for Maritime and Clean Continental type.

scholarly journals Influence of Powdered Moringa oleifera Lam. Almonds Dried at Different Temperatures on the Physico-chemical Quality of the Pond Water

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yerima Bako Djibo Aboubacar ◽  
Guero Yadji
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The One ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

The study focused on the physico-chemical characterization of raw water samples from the Kongou Gorou pond treated with almond powder from Moringa oleifera seeds. The powder which was used for the present study was dried in the oven for one month at the respective temperatures of 25, 40 and 50 ° C and then applied at a dose of 100 mg /L. The parameters studied are pH, iron, copper, electrical conductivity, rate of dissolved substances (TDS), hardness, organic matter; calcium, HCO3-, magnesium, the Complete Alkalimetric Title (TAC). The physico-chemical analysis showed that the waters studied have concentrations below the standards recommended by WHO in 2009. For the dose of 100 mg/L and stored at the respective temperatures of 50, 40 and 25 ° C, it was recorded: a pH close to neutrality, a reduction in iron content of 93.46% at 50 ° C, 90.76% and 90.76%, a decrease in magnesium of 27.21; 27.89 and 39.96%, a decrease in hardness of 37.98; 39.94 and 36.03%; a decrease in the TAC from 1.3 to 1.18; 1.29 and 1.23 ° F and finally a reduction of 9.26; 0.81 and 5.42% bicarbonate. At these respective temperatures of 50, 40 and 25 ° C, the electrical conductivity has increased by 33.63, 33.05 and 32.8µs.cm / L at 2 hours of settling and from 34, 64, 34, 28 and 36, 23 µs. cm / L at 24 hours of settling; an increase in the rate of Dissolved Substances from 15.21 to 16.32; 16.33 and 16.72 mg / L; an increase in the order of 34.48, 26.72 and 13.79% in calcium levels; an increase on the one hand of copper from 0.114 mg/L to 0.903 and 2.39 mg/L respectively at 50 and 40 ° C and on the other hand a total removal of the latter at 25 ° C. The results showed that the use of Moringa oleifera seeds effectively improves the physicochemical quality of the treated water, which not only meets the WHO drinkability standards but also the characteristics of water suitable for drip irrigation.

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