Test Bench for Characterization and Durability Tests of Motorbike Clutches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Previati ◽  
M. Gobbi
Keyword(s):  
Test Bench ◽  
Friction Material ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Automatic Transmissions ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Durability Assessment ◽  
Good Repeatability ◽  
The One

Abstract In the paper, a new test bench for characterization and durability assessment of multi disc wet clutches for motorbike applications is presented. The design of the new test bench is inspired by the current SAE standards J2490 and J286 that refer to the testing of friction material for automatic transmissions wet clutches. Differently from the test bench described in the two standards, which is mainly designed to test the friction material, the test bench presented in this paper has been designed for testing the whole clutch, comprising all discs and the actuation mechanism. The lubrication system of the clutch utilized on the test bench is very similar to the one present on the actual motorbike. The design and instrumentation of the new test rig is analysed and discussed in the paper. The test bench has been used for the characterization of different motorbike clutches. The bench has proved to be able to measure the clutch characteristic for different temperatures and clutch wear levels. A very good repeatability of the tests has been achieved allowing for a comparison of different clutches design, friction material properties and operating conditions (temperature, ..). Some experimental results are presented and discussed in the paper.

scholarly journals Load-Sensing Pump Design to Reduce Heat Generation of Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator Systems

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qun Chao ◽  
Junhui Zhang ◽  
Bing Xu ◽  
Yaoxing Shang ◽  
Zongxia Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Generation ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Load Pressure ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Pump Design ◽  
Load Sensing ◽  
Experimental Campaign ◽  
Displacement Pump

The electro-hydrostatic actuator (EHA) with variable pump displacement is considered to be a promising alternative to the currently popular EHA with fixed pump displacement in terms of heat reduction. This paper presents a load-sensing pump for the EHA which requires no additional power source and can adjust its volumetric displacement automatically with load pressure. A load-sensing pump prototype was developed and experiments were carried out on a test rig for it under different operating conditions. In addition, an experimental campaign was performed on an EHA test bench with a load-sensing pump and a fixed displacement pump. The results show that the load-sensing pump can decrease its volumetric displacement automatically at high pressure and thus reduce the heat generation of EHA system effectively.

scholarly journals Equivalent Circuit Model for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells Operating at Different Temperatures and Irradiance

Electronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Bronzoni ◽  
Lorenzo Colace ◽  
Andrea De Iacovo ◽  
Antonino Laudani ◽  
Gabriele Lozito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Model ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The One

The modeling of photovoltaic cells is an essential step in the analysis of the performances and characterization of PV systems. This paper proposes an experimental study of the dependence of the five parameters of the one-diode model on atmospheric conditions, i.e., irradiance and temperature in the case of thin-film solar cells. The extraction of the five parameters was performed starting from two sets of experimental data obtained from Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells fabricated by the low-temperature pulsed electron deposition technique. A reduced form approach of the one-diode model has been adopted, leading to an accurate identification of the cell. It was possible to elaborate suitable relations describing the behavior of the parameters as functions of the environmental conditions. This allowed accurately predicting the trends of the parameters from a pair of curves, instead of a whole set of measurements. The developed model describing the dependence on irradiance and temperature was validated by means of a large set of experimental measurements on several Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) devices built with the same technological process.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF UNSUPPORTED CATALYST FOR GAS OIL DESULFURIZATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-371
Author(s):  
Mohammad F. Abid ◽  
Mohammed A. Hamza ◽  
Shakir M. Ahmed ◽  
Salah M. Ali ◽  
Sattar J. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Molybdenum Trioxide ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Mos2 Catalysts ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Mos2 Catalyst

Unsupported MoS2 catalysts were synthesized for the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of real feed gas oil using different temperatures and pressures. Hydrothermal method was utilized to prepare by using molybdenum trioxide and sodium sulfide. The characterization of the catalyst was identified by XRD, SEM, and BET techniques. It was found that BET surface and pore volume were positively affected by pressure and temperature that could improve the activity of MoS2. Kinetic analysis showed that HDS reaction over MoS2 follow pseudo-first order kinetics. Experimental results revealed that the HDS activity of the unsupported MoS2 catalyst was better than supported CoMo/Al2O3 catalyst under the same operating conditions.

scholarly journals Test-Bench for the Characterization of Flexion Sensors Used in Biomechanics

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 2994
Author(s):  
Monica Tiboni ◽  
Azzurra Filippini ◽  
Cinzia Amici ◽  
David Vetturi
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Good Repeatability ◽  
Fixed Radius ◽  
Biomedical Field

The design, prototyping and validation of an innovative test bench for the characterization and the hysteresis measurement of flexion sensors are presented in this paper. The device, especially designed to test sensors employed in the biomedical field, can be effectively used to characterize also sensors intended for other applications, such as wearable devices. Flexion sensors are widely adopted in devices for biomedical purposes and in this context are commonly used in two main ways: to measure movements (i) with fixed radius of curvature and (ii) with variable radius of curvature. The test bench has been conceived and designed with reference to both of these needs of use. The technological choices have been oriented towards simplicity of manufacture and assembly, configuration flexibility and low cost of realization. For this purpose, 3D printing technology was chosen for most of the structural components of the device. To verify the test bench performances, a test campaign was carried out on five commercial bending sensors. To characterize each sensor, the acquired measurements were analysed by assessing repeatability and linearity of the sensors and hysteresis of the system sensor/test bench. A statistical analysis was performed to study the positioning repeatability and the hysteresis of the device. The results demonstrate good repeatability and low hysteresis.

Experimental Investigation of a SOFC/MGT Hybrid Power Plant Test Rig: Impact and Characterization of Coupling Elements

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Hohloch ◽  
Andreas Huber ◽  
Manfred Aigner
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Hybrid Power Plant ◽  
Plant Test

The main topic of the paper is the discussion of the operational behavior of the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)/micro gas turbine (MGT) hybrid power plant test rig with the pressure vessels of the SOFC emulator. In the first part a brief introduction to the test rig and its components is given. In the arrangement of the test rig the MGT is connected via an interface to the tubing system. Here, the preheated air after the recuperator can be led either to the emulator or via a bypass tube directly to the MGT. Furthermore, there is a direct connection between the compressor outlet and emulator for the startup and shutdown procedure. The facility is equipped with detailed instrumentation, including mass flow meters, thermocouples and pressure probes. In the second part of the paper the characterization of the hybrid power plant test rig is shown. To analyze the thermodynamic and fluid dynamic impact of the coupling elements various studies were carried out. Hereby, the influence of the coupling elements on the operational behavior, system stability and system performance of the micro gas turbine is shown for stationary load points, as well as during transient maneuvers like startup, load-change and shutdown. To avoid critical operating conditions limitations were defined and emergency maneuvers were developed and tested. Out of these investigations an operating concept for the hybrid power plant test rig can be derived.

A test rig for investigations of gas turbine combustor cooling concepts under realistic operating conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 222 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Behrendt ◽  
Ch Hassa
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Elevated Pressures ◽  
Low Emission

In the current paper, a new test rig for the characterization of advanced combustor cooling concepts for gas turbine combustors is presented. The test rig is designed to allow investigations at elevated pressures and temperatures representing realistic operating conditions of future lean low emission combustors. The features and capabilities of the test rig in comparison to existing rigs are described. The properties of the hot gas flow are measured in order to provide the necessary data for a detailed analysis of the measured cooling effectivity of combustor wall test samples. Results of the characterization of the velocity and temperature distribution in the hot gas flow at the leading edge of the test sample at pressures up to p = 10 bar and global flame temperatures up to TF = 2000 K are presented.

scholarly journals Influence of Powdered Moringa oleifera Lam. Almonds Dried at Different Temperatures on the Physico-chemical Quality of the Pond Water

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yerima Bako Djibo Aboubacar ◽  
Guero Yadji
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The One ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

The study focused on the physico-chemical characterization of raw water samples from the Kongou Gorou pond treated with almond powder from Moringa oleifera seeds. The powder which was used for the present study was dried in the oven for one month at the respective temperatures of 25, 40 and 50 ° C and then applied at a dose of 100 mg /L. The parameters studied are pH, iron, copper, electrical conductivity, rate of dissolved substances (TDS), hardness, organic matter; calcium, HCO3-, magnesium, the Complete Alkalimetric Title (TAC). The physico-chemical analysis showed that the waters studied have concentrations below the standards recommended by WHO in 2009. For the dose of 100 mg/L and stored at the respective temperatures of 50, 40 and 25 ° C, it was recorded: a pH close to neutrality, a reduction in iron content of 93.46% at 50 ° C, 90.76% and 90.76%, a decrease in magnesium of 27.21; 27.89 and 39.96%, a decrease in hardness of 37.98; 39.94 and 36.03%; a decrease in the TAC from 1.3 to 1.18; 1.29 and 1.23 ° F and finally a reduction of 9.26; 0.81 and 5.42% bicarbonate. At these respective temperatures of 50, 40 and 25 ° C, the electrical conductivity has increased by 33.63, 33.05 and 32.8µs.cm / L at 2 hours of settling and from 34, 64, 34, 28 and 36, 23 µs. cm / L at 24 hours of settling; an increase in the rate of Dissolved Substances from 15.21 to 16.32; 16.33 and 16.72 mg / L; an increase in the order of 34.48, 26.72 and 13.79% in calcium levels; an increase on the one hand of copper from 0.114 mg/L to 0.903 and 2.39 mg/L respectively at 50 and 40 ° C and on the other hand a total removal of the latter at 25 ° C. The results showed that the use of Moringa oleifera seeds effectively improves the physicochemical quality of the treated water, which not only meets the WHO drinkability standards but also the characteristics of water suitable for drip irrigation.

Investigations of Road Wear Caused by Studded Tires

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-15
Author(s):  
Johannes Gültlinger ◽  
Frank Gauterin ◽  
Christian Brandau ◽  
Jan Schlittenhard ◽  
Burkhard Wies
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
The Road ◽  
Driving Speed ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Tire Friction ◽  
Variable Operating Conditions

ABSTRACT The use of studded tires has been a subject of controversy from the time they came into market. While studded tires contribute to traffic safety under severe winter conditions by increasing tire friction on icy roads, they also cause damage to the road surface when running on bare roads. Consequently, one of the main challenges in studded tire development is to reduce road wear while still ensuring a good grip on ice. Therefore, a research project was initiated to gain understanding about the mechanisms and influencing parameters involved in road wear by studded tires. A test method using the institute's internal drum test bench was developed. Furthermore, mechanisms causing road wear by studded tires were derived from basic analytical models. These mechanisms were used to identify the main parameters influencing road wear by studded tires. Using experimental results obtained with the test method developed, the expected influences were verified. Vehicle driving speed and stud mass were found to be major factors influencing road wear. This can be explained by the stud impact as a dominant mechanism. By means of the test method presented, quantified and comparable data for road wear caused by studded tires under controllable conditions can be obtained. The mechanisms allow predicting the influence of tire construction and variable operating conditions on road wear.

Static and Dynamic Studies of Gasoline in View of its Octane Number and its Toxic Effect

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 451-459
Author(s):  
Ashraf Yehia El-Naggar ◽  
Mohamed A. Ebiad
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Octane Number ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Gasoline come primarily from petroleum cuts, it is the preferred liquid fuel in our lives. Two gasoline samples of octane numbers 91 and 95 from Saudi Arabia petrol stations were studied. This study was achieved at three different temperatures 20oC, 30oC and 50oC representing the change in temperatures of the different seasons of the year. Both the evaporated gases of light aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX) of gasoline samples inside the tank were subjected to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively via capillary gas chromatography. The detailed hydrocarbon composition and the octane number of the studied gasoline samples were determined using detailed hydrocarbon analyzer. The idea of research is indicating the impact of light aromatic compounds in gasoline on the toxic effect of human and environment on the one hand, and on octane number of gasoline on the other hand. Although the value of octane number will be reduced but this will have a positive impact on the environment as a way to produce clean fuel.

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