scholarly journals Seasonal COP of an Air-to-Water Heat Pump when Using Predictive Control Preferring Power Production from Renewable Sources in the Czech Republic

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 3236
Author(s):  
Jiří Pospíšil ◽  
Michal Špiláček ◽  
Pavel Charvát
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Study Results

The paper presents a parametric study evaluating the effects of various predictive controls on the operating parameters of heat pumps. The heat pump represents a significant power appliance in the residential sector. Its connection to the heat accumulator creates a system with considerable potential to control electricity consumption according to the needs of the electricity grid. The air-water heat pump is considered in this study. A predictive control is used for priority operation of the heat pump at periods of peak power production from renewable sources. The following were tested as the parameters of predictive control: outdoor air temperature, photovoltaic power production and wind power production. The combination of photovoltaic and wind power production was also tested. A parametric analysis considering different sizes for the thermal accumulator and the heating capacity of the heat pump were proposed. The benefits of predictive control are evaluated based on historical records of meteorological data from 2015 to 2018 in the city of Brno, Czech Republic. The data on the historical development of the real electrical energy production from renewable sources in the Czech Republic are used for regulation control in a monitored period. The main comparison parameter is the heat pump seasonal coefficient of performance (SCOP). From the carried out study results, an increase in SCOP by 14% was identified for priority operation of heat pump (HP) at periods with highest outdoor air temperature. Priority operation of HP at periods with peak photovoltaic (PV) production increased SCOP by 10.25%. A decrease in SCOP only occurred in case with priority operation of HP at peak production of wind power plants. Increasing the size of the accumulator contributes to an increase in SCOP in all assessed modifications of predictive control.

scholarly journals The impact of the air temperature on measuring the zenith angle during the year in the ground layer of the atmosphere for the needs of engineering surveying

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-488
Author(s):  
Tomáš Suk ◽  
Martin Štroner
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Zenith Angle ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents the results of over a year-long experiment dealing with a temperature measurement to calculate the theoretical effect of the atmosphere on the measured zenith angle in engineering surveying. The measurements were performed to determine the accurate and specific temperatures (temperature gradients), which can be recorded in different seasons in the low level of the atmosphere (up to 2 m above the ground, where most Engineering Surveying measurements take place) for the geographical area of Central Europe - specifically the Czech Republic. A numerical model was then applied to the resulting determined temperature gradients to calculate the path of the beam passing through an inhomogeneous atmosphere. From these values, the apparent vertical shifts caused by refraction in a given environment and time were finally determined.

scholarly journals Long-lasting changes in the species spectrum of cucurbit powdery mildew in the Czech Republic – influence of air temperature changes or random effect?

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S41-S47 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lebeda ◽  
B. Sedláková ◽  
E. Křístková ◽  
M. Vysoudil
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Influence Spreading

Two ectoparasite powdery mildew species <i>Golovinomyces cichoracearum</i> (<i>Gc</i>) and <i>Podosphaera xanthii</i> (<i>Px</i>) occurring on cucurbits differ, besides other characteristics, by specific ecologic requirements. While <i>Px</i> is common in subtropical and tropical areas and greenhouse crops, <i>Gc</i> occurs more frequently in temperate and cooler areas under field conditions. Their presence on cucurbit field crops (<i>Cucurbita pepo</i>, <i>C. maxima</i>, <i>Cucumis sativus</i>) was monitored in the Czechoslovakia (1979–1980) and in the Czech Republic (1995–2007). Their identification was carried out by microscopic observation of the morphological characteristics of the dry conidia on 1527 leaf samples. Data on air temperature in 1979–2007 were provided by the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute. In 1979–1980 <i>Gc</i> was identified in 86.0% of samples, <i>Px</i> in 14.0% samples, there was no mixed infection; prevalence of <i>Px</i> was recorded in South Slovakia and South Moravia, and on crops under cover. Since 1995 species <i>Px</i> was recorded each year on field crops in different locations of Bohemia and Moravia, usually in mixed infection with <i>Gc</i>. The average year temperature of 8.1°C for period 1992–2007 was higher than corresponding value of 7.4°C in 1979–1983. Similarly, average temperature in vegetation season of 16.2°C in 1992–2007 was higher than corresponding value of 15.7°C in 1979–1983. The higher air temperature can positively influence spreading of <i>Px</i> in the Czech Republic. Climate variability and effect of their changes are discussed in relationship to the geographic distribution and geographic patterns of cucurbit powdery mildews.

scholarly journals Public Participation in the Process of EIA Intentions of Wind Power Plants in the Czech Republic

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
Jiří Schneider ◽  
Petr Mudra ◽  
Alice Kozumplíková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessment ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wind Power Plants

Public participation in decision‑making process is an important function of the process called Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). The respect for the public right in the participation of environmental impact assessment and the right to information are generally controlled by non‑governmental organizations (NGOs) in cooperation with the Ministry of Environment. The support of public is provided in the cases in which queried entity tries not to give the requested information in the appropriate range. NGOs do not follow how the public is involved in the EIA process, and how the comments are relevant or incorporated and whether the final standpoint is influenced. This standpoint is not monitored by Czech Statistical Office. The article deals with the involvement of the general public in the EIA process of wind power plants in the Czech Republic. In selected regions (Moravskoslezský, Olomoucký, Ústecký and Jihomoravský), not only the quantity but also the relevance of the comments in relation to the outcome of the process are evaluated. The own typology groups of the public (individuals, petitions, self‑government etc.) and also applying comments (noise, nature protection, administrative mistakes etc.) were used for the evaluation. All intentions obtained concurring standpoints in the case of zero or low interest of the public.

The Digital Economy Readiness Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-51
Author(s):  
Radek Liska
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
Positive Outlook

The Czech Republic has experienced tremendous growth over the last three decades. However, as the previously exploited competitive advantages (e.g., low labour cost) lose growth potential, the country has to address the digital economy sector. The digital economy readiness study analyses and merges findings from the European and OECD databases, outlining the current situation in the country. Also, the study compares the skill set supplied by the Czech workforce with the global market situation. Research areas cover analysis of diverse factors such as age, education, gender, and nationality. Study results show that the Czech Republic has a substantial competitive advantage both within the EU and across OECD thanks to its highly skilled workforce. Hence, ongoing digital transformation gives a positive outlook for further development of the Czech digital economy.

scholarly journals Diplostomum and Ornithodiplostomum scardinii (Diplostomidae, Digenea) species from naturally infected birds (Anatinae) in the Czech Republic and in Poland: morphological, morphometric and ecological features

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sitko ◽  
I. Rząd
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Infected Bird ◽  
Somateria Mollissima ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Tufted Duck ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Morphology And Morphometry ◽  
Clangula Hyemalis

Abstract The study aimed to describe morphological and morphometric characteristics of species representing the genera Diplostomum Nordmann, 1832 and Ornithodiplostomum Dubois, 1936, originating from naturally infected birds in the Czech Republic and in Poland, and to compare their species richness and the intensity of infection in their avian hosts. Diplostomum mergi Dubois, 1932, D. parviventosum Dubois, 1932, D. phoxini (Faust, 1918), D. pusillum (Dubois, 1928), and Ornithodiplostomum scardinii (Schulman, 1952) were found in the gossander (Mergus merganser). D. parviventosum was found in the velvet scoter (Melanitta fusca). D. pungitii Shigin, 1965 was found in the tufted duck (Aythya fuligula), common eider (Somateria mollissima), common goldeneye (Bucephala clangula), and in the long-tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis). D. spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819) was found in the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). Morphology and morphometry of those Diplostomum species from the Czech Republic and from Poland were not analyzed before. The morphological and morphometric description of the adult form of O. scardinii presented in this study has been the first such description of a specimen obtained from a naturally infected bird. The highest intensity of infection was observed in the gossander (D. pusillum and D. mergi). Study results provided new data on the occurrence of the Diplostomum and O. scardinii trematodes in the Czech Republic and in Poland.

scholarly journals 156 Potentially Inappropriate Cardiovascular Medications in Czech Older Adults in Acute Care: Inomed and Euroageism H2020 Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i12-i42
Author(s):  
I Kummer ◽  
A Lukačišinová ◽  
P Gajdošová ◽  
A S Bhagavathula ◽  
J Brkic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Beers Criteria ◽  
Potentially Inappropriate Medications ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Start Criteria ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Cardiovascular Medications ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Introduction Cardiovascular disorders (CVS) belong to the most frequent causes of deaths and cardiovascular medications among the most common drugs. Older patients are vulnerable to drug risks due to presence of pharmacological changes, polymorbidity, polypharmacy and geriatric syndromes. Thus, the effort to reduce prescribing of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) represents a substantial prevention strategy in this population. Methods This was a prospective, cross-sectional study conducted in 288 patients (65+) admitted to acute care geriatric wards in the Czech Republic from Aug 2018 to Jan 2019. We aimed to investigate prevalence of CVS PIMs using relevant parts of STOPP/START 2015 criteria, the EU(7) PIM 2015 list and the Beers criteria 2019. Only patients with stable health conditions were included in our study. Results: Overall prevalence of CVS PIMs was 77.6%. Undertreatment of CVS problems, identified by START criteria, was found in 63.2% patients. Prevalence of CVS PIMs according to different criteria was 16.1%, 23.6% and 30.9%, using the Beers criteria 2012, STOPP criteria and the EU (7)-PIM list; respectively. The most prevalent problem of undertreatment was the absence of statins with documented history of coronary, cerebral and peripheral vascular disease (excluding patients at the end-of-life or at the age of &gt;85 years) (27.3%). According to the EU (7)-PIM list, the most common CVS PIMs were the use of amiodarone in maintenance doses of &gt;200 mg/48 hours and use of spironolactone in doses of &gt;25 mg/day (9.0% and 5.6%; respectively). Conclusions This study confirmed high prevalence of CVS PIMs in older adults admitted to acute care hospitals in the Czech Republic. Detecting and identifying CVS PIMs is of high importance in order to prevent serious adverse drug events, higher mortality and increased frailty in vulnerable older population. Grant support: InoMed project (reg. No: CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_069/0010046, 2019–2022), H2020-MCSF-ITN-764632, PROGRESS Q42 FoP, Charles University, SVV 260417.

scholarly journals Experimental study on cascade heat pump dryer with a solar collector under low temperature outdoor air environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 993-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Jang ◽  
Young Lee
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Temperature Environment ◽  
Average Coefficient ◽  
Drying Efficiency ◽  
Drying Chamber

A heat pump dryer can save more energy than other dryers since its drying efficiency is 2-3 times higher than that of other types of dryers. However, the lower bound of evaporating temperature for an R134a heat pump cycle ranges from 5 to 10?C, when the outdoor air temperature closely approaches the evaporating temperature, it experiences reduced efficiency and ultimately becomes inoperable. To address this issue, a cascade heat pump dryer equipped with a solar collector was considered in order to examine the operability and efficiency of the heat pump cycle, depending on changes in the outdoor air temperature in wintertime. The changes in cascade cycles, depending on the temperature in a drying chamber, were also observed. The results showed that the average coefficient of performance (COP) of the cascade heat pump dryer was approximately 2.6 under the temperature range of ?10 to 20 ?C. An electrical heater whose COP is less than one should be used in that temperature range. It was also found that COP of the dryer increased by approximately 35% when using a solar collector under a low outdoor air temperature environment.

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