scholarly journals The Benefits of Variable Speed Operation in Hydropower Plants Driven by Francis Turbines

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson Bortoni ◽  
Zulcy de Souza ◽  
Augusto Viana ◽  
Helcio Villa-Nova ◽  
Ângelo Rezek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Constant Frequency ◽  
Hydropower Plants ◽  
Water Head ◽  
Frequency Grid ◽  
Theoretical Analyses ◽  
Hydro Turbines

Climate change and environmental degradation has resulted in a reduction in water inflow at hydropower plants, as well as a decrease in reservoir levels. Existing hydropower plants suffer from water head reduction, mainly with decrease in efficiency of energy conversion in hydro turbines. This paper showcases the benefits of operations with variable speed in existing hydropower plants, when working at a lower water head than the rated one. Theoretical analyses and tests were performed in a special constructed laboratorial setup aiming at evaluating the amount of efficiency recovery with variable speed operation. Connection alternatives for a constant frequency grid and applications of the learned concepts in an existent hydropower plant are presented. The investigations were applied to the Furnas hydropower plant. The results point out that economic feasibility of the application can be achieved.

scholarly journals The impact of climate change on water and energy security

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2530-2546
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Goodarzi ◽  
Hamed Vagheei ◽  
Rabi H. Mohtar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Future Period ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Hydropower Plants ◽  
The World ◽  
Fundamental Systems ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The interdependent fundamental systems, water and energy, face abundant challenges, one of which is climate change, which is expected to aggravate water and energy securities. The hydropower industry's benefits have led to its development and growth around the world. Nonetheless, climate change is expected to disturb the future performance of hydropower plants. This study looks at the Seimareh Hydropower Plant to assess the potential vulnerability of hydropower plants to climate change. Results indicate that climate change will affect the area's hydrological variables and suggest an increase in temperatures and decrease in precipitation during a 30-year future period (2040–2069). It is predicted that Seimareh Dam's inflow will decrease by between 5.2% and 13.4% in the same period. These hydrological changes will affect the Seimareh plant's performance: current predictions are that the total energy produced will decrease by between 8.4% and 16.3%. This research indicates the necessity of considering climate change impacts in designing and maintaining hydraulic structures to reach their optimal performance.

scholarly journals A varying comprehensive hydropower coefficient for medium/long-term operation of a single reservoir

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 686-698
Author(s):  
Wenting Gong ◽  
Pan Liu ◽  
Lei Cheng ◽  
He Li ◽  
Zhikai Yang
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Simulation Accuracy ◽  
K Value ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Water Power ◽  
Hydropower Plants ◽  
Water Head ◽  
Study Results

Abstract In medium/long-term reservoir operation, the hydropower output is calculated from k × q × h, where q is the power discharge, h is the water head, and k is the comprehensive hydropower coefficient. k indicates the conversion efficiency from water power to electricity, however, it is standard practice to use a constant k. We developed a novel method to derive the varying k based on observed big data. The operational frequencies of different units for time (multiple periods) and space (multiple units) were accounted based on the observed big data from each unit, and then weights were obtained. Finally, k was derived by integrating the efficiency curves (hill charts) of the different units with their weights. The Three Gorges Project, China, was selected for a case study. Results indicated that: (1) the varying k value can improve hydropower simulation accuracy, (2) simulations using 10-day intervals have a higher accuracy for hydropower calculation than daily and monthly scales, (3) the evaluation of hydropower plant benefits is sensitive to k, and there is potential for producing more hydropower. These findings are highly relevant to the operation of hydropower plants and to the evaluation of medium/long-term hydropower generation for a hydropower plant.

scholarly journals TINJAUAN POTENSI TEKNIS DAN KELAYAKAN EKONOMI PLTA PADA PROYEK KERJA SAMA PEMERINTAH DENGAN BADAN USAHA BENDUNGAN MERANGIN

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-110
Author(s):  
Agustia Larasari ◽  
Jessica Sitorus ◽  
Moh. Bagus Wiratama Asad ◽  
Ary Firmana
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Hydropower Plants ◽  
Technical Potential ◽  
Power And Energy ◽  
Multipurpose Dam

One of the utilizations of a multipurpose dam that has socio-economic value during its operation iselectricity generation. The addition of a hydropower component to a PPP project is quite a challenge due to substantial uncertainty related to hydrological aspects that will impact electricity production and revenue, as well as high initial investment costs for generating units. This study aims to map the technical potential of hydropower and evaluate the economic feasibility of hydropower in the Merangin Dam PPP Project. The potential for power and energy generation is obtained through simulations of the hydropower operation for 19 years using hydrological data, HEC-HMS model generated-data, and dam engineering design. According to the results, the technical potential of hydropower can produce, on average, power of Pp = 103.8 MW during peak load, Pb = 98.53 MW during base load, and total energy of 636.66 GWh/year. The economic potential is evaluated through social cost-benefits analysis (SCBA) by estimating the additional benefits obtained from the hydropower compared to the PPP structure of the Merangin Dam without hydropower. Through SCBA, the addition of hydropower to the Merangin Dam PPP structure has an EIRR value of 35.24%, NPV of Rp. 2.104.212.122.723,- and BCR = 3.06. Based on these indicators, the provision of hydropower plants is considered economically feasible because the benefits that will be generated and obtained by the community are higher than the economic costs incurred.Keywords: Technical potential, economic feasibility, hydropower plant, multipurpose dam, PPP

scholarly journals Investigation of climate change impacts on hydropower generation: the case of a run-of-river small hydropower plant in North Western Greece

2021 ◽  
Vol 899 (1) ◽  
pp. 012026
Author(s):  
C Skoulikaris ◽  
K Kasimis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Regional Climate Models ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
Hydropower Plants ◽  
Run Of River

Abstract Services and uses arising from surface water‘s availability, such as hydropower production, are bound to be affected by climate change. The object of the research is to evaluate climate change impacts on energy generation produced by run-of-river small hydropower plants with the use of future river discharges derived from two up-to-date Regional Climate Models. For doing so, the hydropower simulation model HEC-ResSim, calibrated and validated over real power data, was used to simulate the generated energy in the two future periods of 2031-2060 and 2071-2100. The future river discharges in the case study area are derived from the hydrological model E-HYPE that uses as forcing the climatic variables of the CSC-REMO2009-MPI-ESM-LR and KNMI-RACMO22E-EC-EARTH climate models under two Representative Concentration Pathways, namely RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The research outputs demonstrate a decrease of the generated energy varying from 2.86% to 25.79% in comparison to the reference period of 1971-2000. However, in most of the simulated scenarios the decrease is less than 10.0%, while increased energy production is projected for one of the scenarios. Overall, it can be concluded that the case study run-of-river small hydropower plant will be marginally affected by climate change when the decrease of the relevant river discharges is up to 10-15%.

scholarly journals Unique applied glaciology challenges of proglacial mining

1969 ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
William Colgan ◽  
Henrik Højmark Thomsen ◽  
Michele Citterio
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Resource Development ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Glacier Retreat ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Resource Demand ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Hydropower Plants ◽  
Mining Projects

Th e glaciology group at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) has a tradition of applied glaciology consulting for hydropower projects in Greenland (Weidick & Th omsen 1982; Braithwaite & Olesen 1988; Ahlstrøm et al. 2008). Th is includes assessments for the hydropower plants now operating at Ilulissat and Nuuk (Braithwaite & Th omsen 1989; Th omsen et al. 1989; 1993), as well as the outburst potential of ice-dammed lakes such as Qorlortorsuup Tasia (Mayer & Schuler 2005). Several factors, including long term increases in global resource demand, increasing air temperatures and glacier retreat due to climate change, and improved mining and prospecting techniques may now improve the economic feasibility of mining in Greenland (Colgan & Arenson 2013). Given that over 80% of Greenland is ice-covered, mining projects in Greenland oft en occur in ‘proglacial’ settings, meaning adjacent to, or close to, an ice margin. Th e Isukasia, Kvanefj eld, Maarmorilik and Malmbjerg prospects exemplify resource development in proglacial settings in Greenland.

Creating a climate change risk assessment procedure: Hydropower plant case, Finland

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 282-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riitta Molarius ◽  
Jaana Keränen ◽  
Jari Schabel ◽  
Nina Wessberg
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Hydropower Plants ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
Hydropower Production

This paper examines the risk assessment procedure for a Nordic hydropower production process while taking climate change into account. It is evident that climate change poses new risks and concerns for hydropower companies, especially with regards to the high uncertainty that results from the ignorance of relationships between climate change and hydropower production (descriptive uncertainty). However, climate change may also provide opportunities. This paper focuses on the development of a risk assessment procedure to support the risk identification process as a means of reducing the descriptive uncertainty. The intention of the study was to develop and test a procedure in which climate scenarios and traditional technical risk assessment have been integrated. This allows us to obtain a practical method as well as associated support tools for identifying and evaluating climate change-related risks and opportunities for hydropower plants. This new procedure is intended to help hydropower plants plan their future investments and strategies by identifying and prioritizing the risks caused and opportunities created by climate change. The study was conducted as a part of the Nordic Energy Research funded Climate and Energy Systems (CES) project and was coordinated by VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland.

Application Multi-Objective Robust Decision-Making to the Design of Run-ofRiver Hydropower Plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veysel Yildiz ◽  
Charles Rougé ◽  
Solomon Brown
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
System Design ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Robust Decision Making ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Hydropower Plants ◽  
Benefit Cost

<p>Hydropower is a comparatively cheap, reliable, sustainable, and renewable<br>source of energy. Run of River (RoR) hydropower plants are characterised by a<br>negligible storage capacity and by generation almost completely dependent on the<br>timing and size of river flows. Their environmental footprint is minimal compared to that<br>of reservoir-powered plants, and they are much easier to deploy.<br>This work uses and extends HYPER, a state-of-the-art toolbox that finds the<br>design parameters that maximise either the RoR plant’s power production or its net<br>economic profit. Design parameters include turbine type (Kaplan, Francis, Pelton and<br>Crossflow), configuration (single or two in parallel), and design flow, along with<br>penstock diameter and thickness, admissible suction head, and specific and rotational<br>speed.<br>This work extends HYPER to realise hydropower system design that is robust<br>to climate variability and change and to changing economic conditions. It uses the many<br>objective robust decision making (MORDM) approach through the following steps: (1)<br>an explicit three objective formulation is introduced to explore how design parameter<br>choices balance investment cost, average annual revenue, and drought year (first<br>percentile) revenue, (2) coupling of a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (here,<br>AMALGAM) with HYPER to solve the problem using 1,000 years of synthetic<br>streamflow data obtained with the Hirsch-Nowak streamflow generator, (3) sampling<br>of deeply uncertain factors to analyse robustness to climate change as well as financial<br>conditions (electricity prices and interest rates), (4) quantification of robustness across<br>these deeply uncertain states of the world. We also extend HYPER by adding the<br>possibility to consider three-turbine RoR plants.<br>The HYPER-MORDM approach is applied to a proposed RoR hydropower plant<br>to be built on Mukus River in Van province which is located in Eastern Anatolia region<br>of Turkey. Preliminary results suggest that applying MORDM approach to RoR<br>hydropower plants provides insights into the trade-offs between installation cost and<br>hydropower production, while supporting design with a range of viable alternatives to<br>help them determine which design and RoR plant operation is most robust and reliable<br>for given site conditions and river stream characteristics. Results confirm earlier<br>findings that installation of more than one turbine in a hydropower plant enhances<br>power production significantly by providing operational flexibility in the face of variable<br>streamflows. When contrasting robustness of a design with its benefit / cost ratio, a<br>classic measure of performance of hydropower system design which accounts only for<br>annual revenues and cost, designs with the highest benefit / cost ratios do not<br>necessarily perform well in terms of dry year revenue. They also show less robustness<br>to both climate change (and associated drying) and to evolving financial conditions<br>than the designs that do better balance average annual revenue with dry year revenue</p>

Role of micro-hydropower plants in socio-economic development of rural Afghanistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mohammad Airaj Firdaws Sadiq ◽  
Najib Rahman Sabory ◽  
Mir Sayed Shah Danish ◽  
Tomonobu Senjyu
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Hydropower Plants ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Government ◽  
Decentralized Energy ◽  
Energy Options

Afghanistan hosts the Hindu Kush, an extension of the Himalaya mountains that act as water sources for five major rivers flowing through Afghanistan. Most of these rivers provide promise for the construction of water dams and installment of micro hydropower plants (MHP). Although civil war and political strife continue to threaten the country for more than four decades, the Afghan government introduced strategic plans for the development of the country. In 2016 Afghanistan introduced the Afghanistan National Peace and Development (ANPD) Framework at Brussels de-signed to support Afghanistan’s progress towards achieving the SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals). This study discussed the 7th Goal (ensuring access to affordable, reliable, and sustainable energy for all) and 8th Goal (promoting sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all) alignment in Afghanistan. The Afghan gov-ernment acknowledges its responsibility to provide electricity for all of its citizens, but this can only be achieved if the government can secure a reliable source of energy. Afghanistan’s mountainous terrain provides a challenge to build a central energy distribution system. Therefore this study looks for alternative solutions to the energy problems in Afghanistan and explores feasibility of micro-hydropower plant installations in remote areas. This study evaluated socio-economic im-pacts of micro-hydropower plants in the life of average residents. We focused on one example of a micro hydropower plant located in Parwan, conducted interviews with local residents, and gath-ered on-site data. The findings in this study can help policymakers to analyze the effects of devel-opment projects in the social and economic life of residents. It will encourage the government and hopefully the private sector to invest in decentralized energy options, while the country is facing an ever-growing energy demand.

scholarly journals Development of a Hydropower Turbine Using Seawater from a Fish Farm

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Md Rakibuzzaman ◽  
Sang-Ho Suh ◽  
Hyoung-Ho Kim ◽  
Youngtae Ryu ◽  
Kyung Yup Kim
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Guide Vane ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Data Simulation ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
Hydropower Plants

Discharge water from fish farms is a clean, renewable, and abundant energy source that has been used to obtain renewable energy via small hydropower plants. Small hydropower plants may be installed at offshore fish farms where suitable water is obtained throughout the year. It is necessary to meet the challenges of developing small hydropower systems, including sustainability and turbine efficiency. The main objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of constructing a small hydropower plant and develop 100 kW class propeller-type turbines in a fish farm with a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The turbine was optimized using a computer simulation, and an experiment was conducted to obtain performance data. Simulation results were then validated with experimental results. Results revealed that streamlining the designed shape of the guide vane reduced the flow separation and improved the efficiency of the turbine. Optimizing the shape of the runner vane decreased the flow rate, reducing the water power and increasing the efficiency by about 5.57%. Also, results revealed that tubular or cross-flow turbines could be suitable for use in fish farm power plants, and the generator used should be waterproofed to avoid exposure to seawater.

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