scholarly journals Hybrid Reference Current Generation Theory for Solar Fed UPFC System

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1527
Author(s):  
R. Senthil Kumar ◽  
K. Mohana Sundaram ◽  
K. S. Tamilselvan
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Unity Power Factor ◽  
Current Generation ◽  
Load Voltage ◽  
Reference Current Generation ◽  
Source Current

The extensive usage of power electronic components creates harmonics in the voltage and current, because of which, the quality of delivered power gets affected. Therefore, it is essential to improve the quality of power, as we reveal in this paper. The problems of load voltage, source current, and power factors are mitigated by utilizing the unified power flow controller (UPFC), in which a combination of series and shunt converters are combined through a DC-link capacitor. To retain the link voltage and to maximize the delivered power, a PV module is introduced with a high gain converter, named the switched clamped diode boost (SCDB) converter, in which the grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm is instigated for tracking the maximum power. To retain the link-voltage of the capacitor, the artificial neural network (ANN) is implemented. A proper control of UPFC is highly essential, which is achieved by the reference current generation with the aid of a hybrid algorithm. A genetic algorithm, hybridized with the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), is utilized for the generation of a switching sequence, and the generated pulse has been given to both the series and shunt converters through the PWM generator. Thus, the source current and load voltage harmonics are mitigated with reactive power compensation, which results in attaining a unity power factor. The projected methodology is simulated by MATLAB and it is perceived that the total harmonic distortion (THD) of 0.84% is attained, with almost a unity power factor, and this is validated with FPGA Spartan 6E hardware.

Vector Decoupling Control Strategy for Three-Phase Voltage Source PWM Rectifier

2013 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 450-453
Author(s):  
Jian Ying Li ◽  
Wei Dong Yang ◽  
Ni Na Ma
Keyword(s):  
Power Factor ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Decoupling Control ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Pwm Rectifier ◽  
Phase Voltage ◽  
Unity Power Factor ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Rotating Coordinates

In view of the fact that active power and reactive power have coupling relation, a novel vector decoupling control strategy is presented for three-phase voltage source PWM rectifier. In the paper, the power control mathematical mode of the PWM rectifier is deduced based on the mathematical model of rectifier in synchronous d-q rotating coordinates, and a new voltage feed forward decoupling compensation control strategy is proposed. The simulation results show that the voltage and current of the three-phase PWM rectifier have better respond preference, the current aberrance is smaller and the voltage is steady under the control strategy. The PWM rectifier can implement PWM commute with unity power factor, but also feed back the energy to AC side with unity power factor.

scholarly journals Power Quality Enhancement Using DSTATCOM in Industry Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-175
Author(s):  
Atinkut Bayu
Keyword(s):  
Power Quality ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Power Distribution System ◽  
Load Voltage ◽  
Voltage Unbalance

AbstractThis paper is focused on increasing the power quality of Unique Macaroni factory, located in Bahir Dar Town. Necessary data have been collected from the factory and the collected data are analysed. Based on the analysis of data, it is found that the factory working power factor is low and hovering around 0.7125. Voltage variations are up to 9.09%, average voltage unbalance is 2.2% and total harmonic distortion (THD) of load currents and voltage are 24.17% and 10.16%, respectively. Harmonic components have existed in the power distribution system of the factory. Based on the analysis of power quality problem in the factory, distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) and its control system have been designed to boost power quality of the factory and the results are obtained by generating simulations using Matlab software. It is observed from outputs of the Matlab simulations that DSTATCOM can improve the power quality of the factory. Generally, the shape of the waveform of load voltage and current is improved and THD level of load voltage is minimised to 1.55% and load current THD level is 7.09%. The reactive power needed by the loads (442 kVAr) is almost provided by the DSTATCOM, so reactive power from source supply is very small such as 22 kVAr so that the power factor of the source tends to unity.

scholarly journals Voltage Rise Regulation with a Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic System

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7510
Author(s):  
Akinyemi Ayodeji Stephen ◽  
Kabeya Musasa ◽  
Innocent Ewean Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Power Quality ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Voltage Amplitude ◽  
Phase Voltage ◽  
Unity Power Factor ◽  
Voltage Rise ◽  
Grid Current

Renewable Distributed Generation (RDG), when connected to a Distribution Network (DN), suffers from power quality issues because of the distorted currents drawn from the loads connected to the network over generation of active power injection at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC). This research paper presents the voltage rise regulation strategy at the PCC to enhance power quality and continuous operation of RDG, such as Photovoltaic Arrays (PVAs) connected to a DN. If the PCC voltage is not regulated, the penetration levels of the renewable energy integration to a DN will be limited or may be ultimately disconnected in the case of a voltage rise issue. The network is maintained in both unity power factor and voltage regulation mode, depending on the condition of the voltage fluctuation occurrences at the PCC. The research investigation shows that variation in the consumer’s loads (reduction) causes an increase in the power generated from the PVA, resulting in an increase in the grid current amplitude, reduction in the voltage of the feeder impedance and an increase in the phase voltage amplitude at the PCC. When the system is undergoing unity power factor mode, PCC voltage amplitude tends to rises with the loads. Its phase voltage amplitude rises above an acceptable range with no-loads which are not in agreement, as specified in the IEEE-1547 and Southern Africa grid code prerequisite. Incremental Conduction with Integral Regulator bases (IC + PI) are employed to access and regulate PVA generation, while the unwanted grid current distortions are attenuated from the network using an in-loop second order integral filtering circuit algorithm. Hence, the voltage rise at the PCC is mitigated through the generation of positive reactive power to the grid from the Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM), thereby regulating the phase voltage. The simulation study is carried out in a MATLAB/Simulink environment for PVA performance.

Artificial Neural Network for PWM Rectifier Direct Power Control and DC Voltage Control

2018 ◽  
pp. 286-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arezki Fekik ◽  
Hakim Denoun ◽  
Ahmad Taher Azar ◽  
Mustapha Zaouia ◽  
Nabil Benyahia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Power Control ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Pwm Rectifier ◽  
Direct Power ◽  
Direct Power Control ◽  
Dc Voltage ◽  
Unit Power

In this chapter, a new technique has been proposed for reducing the harmonic content of a three-phase PWM rectifier connected to the networks with a unit power factor and also providing decoupled control of the active and reactive instantaneous power. This technique called direct power control (DPC) is based on artificial neural network (ANN) controller, without line voltage sensors. The control technique is based on well-known direct torque control (DTC) ideas for the induction motor, which is applied to eliminate the harmonic of the line current and compensate for the reactive power. The main idea of this control is based on active and reactive power control loops. The DC voltage capacitor is regulated by the ANN controller to keep it constant and also provides a stable active power exchange. The simulation results are very satisfactory in the terms of stability and total harmonic distortion (THD) of the line current and the unit power factor.

Effect of Distributed Generation on Voltage Levels in a Radial Distribution Network Without Communication

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allie E. Auld ◽  
Jack Brouwer ◽  
Scott Samuelsen ◽  
Keyue M. Smedley
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Load Drop ◽  
Unity Power Factor ◽  
Distribution Feeder ◽  
Circuit Power

The challenges associated with incorporating a large amount of distributed generation (DG), including fuel cells, into a radial distribution feeder are examined using a Matlab/Simulink™ model. Two generic distribution feeder models are used to investigate possible scenarios where voltage problems may occur. Modern inverter topologies make ancillary features, such as on-demand reactive power generation/consumption economical to include, which expands the design space across which DG can function in the distribution system. The simulation platform enables testing of the following local control goals: DG connected with unity power factor, DG and load connected with unity power factor, DG connected with local voltage regulation (LVR), and DG connected with real power curtailment. Both the LVR and curtailment strategies can regulate the voltage of the simplest circuit case, but the circuit utilizing a substation with load drop compensation has no universal solution. Even DG with a penetration level around 10% of rated circuit power can cause overvoltage problems with load drop compensation. This implies that some degree of communication will be needed to reliably install a large amount of DG on a distribution circuit.

scholarly journals Design and Simulation of three Phase three Wire Shunt Active Filter using Instantaneous PQ Theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Tilak Giri ◽  
Ram Prasad Pandey ◽  
Sabin Bhandari ◽  
Sujan Moktan ◽  
Lagat Karki
Keyword(s):  
Power Factor ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Active Filter ◽  
Shunt Active Filter ◽  
Current Harmonics ◽  
Passive Filter ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Source Current

Due to intensive use of power converters and other non-linear loads, power quality is degrading. The presence of harmonics in the power lines result in greater power losses in distribution, interference problems in communication systems. Non linearity reduces the efficiency and power factor of the system. As the power factor reduces, the reactive power demanded from the supply increases which have no any contribution in energy transfer, so compensation is required. For this, shunt passive filter has been developed but it is bulky and frequency dependent and has many drawbacks. In contrast to passive filter, shunt active filter (SAF) has been developed which is smaller and has wide range of applications. In this paper, shunt active filter based on p-q theory is demonstrated for compensating reactive power and current harmonics. Simulation has been done with and without SAF and results are presented and ended with recommendation and conclusion. An effort is made to reduce the THD of the source current below 5% (specified by IEEE).

scholarly journals A Three-Level Inverter Based Static Compensator (STATCOM)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniagboso John Onah
Keyword(s):  
Power Factor ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Electric Utility ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Voltage Source Inverter ◽  
Distribution Lines ◽  
Static Compensator ◽  
Transmission And Distribution

In an electric utility network, the occurrence of voltage depression on transmission and distribution lines is due to the flow of reactive power. It is desirable to regulate the voltage within a narrow range of its nominal value (±5% range around their nominal values). Thus, reactive power control is necessary so as to control dynamic voltage swings under various system conditions and thereby improve the power system transmission and distribution performance. A fast acting Static Compensator (STATCOM) is required to produce or absorb reactive power so as to provide the necessary reactive power balance in transmission and distribution system. Modern reactive power compensation employs voltage source inverter (VSI). In this paper, a static compensator based on three-phase, three-level voltage source inverter (VSI) was investigated. The paper is intended to show how this STATCOM can be used to improve the ac system power factor and voltage regulation, and hence improve the performance of the transmission and distribution lines. Application of this STATCOM to a transmission system achieved unity power factor, thereby reducing the active power loss by 38.7% and consequently decreasing power costs, as well as increasing transmission system capacity. The presence of the STATCOM also reduced the reactive power flowing on the line from 2.79 MVAr to 1745VAr – resulting in optimum voltage regulation at the load bus. The reactive elements (L and C) are small in size.

scholarly journals Reference Current Generation for Active Power Filtering in Single-Phase Power System

2021 ◽  
Vol 2120 (1) ◽  
pp. 012024
Author(s):  
Siew Ting Chew ◽  
Yap Hoon ◽  
Hafisoh Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Power System ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Current Generation ◽  
Generation Algorithm ◽  
Reference Current Generation ◽  
Simulation Results

Abstract The study presents a new proposed reference current generation algorithm based on the synchronous reference frame (SRF) conventional algorithm in single-phase power system for an active power filtering. Shunt active power filter (SAPF) is often used as it can mitigate harmonic currents in the AC networks due to its superiority in dynamic-state conditions. The reference current generation algorithm is the most important control algorithms to control SAPF as it has the simplest implementation features. A proposed STF-based fundamental component identifier (STF-FCI) algorithm is implemented for the major improvements such as the removal of the unnecessary cosine function to reduce complexity of algorithm, employment of self-tuning filter (STF) to extract accurate fundamental component and to generate a sinusoidal reference current. The purpose of developing STF-FCI algorithm is to replace low pass filter (LPF) with a mean as it can generate a fast and accurate fundamental reference current to operate the SAPF in reducing the harmonics content of the power system and provide a fast response time in the dynamic-state conditions. This paper is presented under both steady-state which is capacitive (RC) load or inductive (RL) load as well as dynamic condition where capacitive load change to inductive load. The performance of steady-state condition will be evaluated in terms of THD values, ripple factor, power factor and phase difference. Under dynamic-state condition, the dynamic speed will be evaluated to capture the speed of the amplitude change in nonlinear load in a period of time. MATLAB-Simulink is used to design and evaluate the proposed STF-FCI algorithm with mean algorithm and LPF algorithm for comparison purpose. The simulation results had shown the major improvement when THD values, ripple factor, power factor and phase difference are reduced. The response time of the changing load is shorter by using mean algorithm compare to LPF algorithm. The simulation results obtained proved success when the proposed STF-FCI algorithm using mean algorithm are much better than LPF algorithm in steady-state and dynamic conditions under two voltage conditions i.e. ideal and distorted voltage.

Unity power factor control of permanent magnet synchronous motor by using open winding configuration

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 1295-1303
Author(s):  
Dezhi Chen ◽  
Chengwu Diao ◽  
Zhiyu Feng ◽  
Shichong Zhang ◽  
Wenliang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor ◽  
Synchronous Motor ◽  
Unity Power Factor ◽  
Collaborative Simulation ◽  
Terminal Voltage ◽  
Vector Modulation ◽  
Power Factor Control

This paper presents the performance of open-winding permanent magnet synchronous motor (OW-PMSM). It mainly includes vector modulation technology considering the unity power factor control.And a topology structure is proposed to optimize the fault tolerance of inverter. Matlab software and Maxwell software collaborative simulation are supplied to obtain the reactive power, speed, terminal voltage, electromagnetic torque etc. under normal and fault status. Finally, the simulation results of an open-winding permanent magnet synchronous motor are verified by the experimental results.

scholarly journals Direct Power-Based Three-Phase Matrix Rectifier Control with Input Power Factor Adjustment

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Chang Kim ◽  
Dongyeon Kim ◽  
Sang-Shin Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Power Factor ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Current Source ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Unity Power Factor ◽  
Light Load ◽  
Active And Reactive Power ◽  
The Given ◽  
Power Factor Control

In a current source rectifier such as a matrix rectifier, input voltage and current cannot be in phase unless an additional input power factor control technique is implemented. This paper proposes such a technique for a matrix rectifier using power-based space vector modulation (SVM). In the proposed method, the modulation index and phase required in order to apply the SVM are calculated based on the active and reactive power of the rectifier for intuitive power factor control. The active power that the rectifier should generate for the regulation of the output inductor current is obtained by the PI (proportional-integral) controller. The reactive power, which is supplied by the rectifier for adjustment of the power factor, is assigned differently depending on the output condition: for the output condition capable of unity power factor, it is set to a negative value of reactive power of the input capacitor, and when the unity power factor is not achievable, it is set with the maximum reactive power the rectifier can generate under the given condition to attain the maximum possible input power factor. It is determined whether the given condition is the light load condition by comparing the absolute value of the reactive power supplied by the input capacitor with the maximum rectifier reactive power that can be produced under the given condition. The SVM based on the active and reactive power of the rectifier in this technique allows the input power factor control to be intuitive and simple. The performance and feasibility of the technique were proved by simulation and experimentation.

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