scholarly journals Factors Shaping A/W Heat Pumps CO₂ Emissions—Evidence from Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1576
Author(s):  
Piotr Jadwiszczak ◽  
Jakub Jurasz ◽  
Bartosz Kaźmierczak ◽  
Elżbieta Niemierka ◽  
Wandong Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Power System ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Energy Mix

Heating and cooling sectors contribute to approximately 50% of energy consumption in the European Union. Considering the fact that heating is mostly based on fossil fuels, it is then evident that its decarbonization is one of the crucial tasks for achieving climate change prevention goals. At the same time, electricity sectors across the globe are undergoing a rapid transformation in order to accommodate the growing capacities of non-dispatchable solar and wind generators. One of the proposed solutions to achieve heating sector decarbonization and non-dispatchable generators power system integration is sector coupling, where heat pumps are perceived as a perfect fit. Air source heat pumps enable a rapid improvement in local air quality by replacing conventional heating sources, but at the same time, they put additional stress on the power system. The emissions associated with heat pump operation are a combination of power system energy mix, weather conditions and heat pump technology. Taking the above into consideration, this paper presents an approach to estimate which of the mentioned factors has the highest impact on heat pump emissions. Due to low air quality during the heating season, undergoing a power system transformation (with a relatively low share of renewables) in a case study located in Poland is considered. The results of the conducted analysis revealed that for a scenario where an air-to-water (A/W) heat pump is supposed to cover space and domestic hot water load, its CO2 emissions are shaped by country-specific energy mix (55.2%), heat pump technology (coefficient of performance) (33.9%) and, to a lesser extent, by changing climate (10.9%). The outcome of this paper can be used by policy makers in designing decarbonization strategies and funding distribution.

scholarly journals A Study on the Performance of a Cascade Heat Pump for Generating Hot Water

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 4313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boahen ◽  
Choi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Energy Saving Potential ◽  
Heating Capacity

The use of cascade heat pumps for hot water generation has gained much attention in recent times. The big question that has attracted much research interest is how to enhance the performance and energy saving potential of these cascade heat pumps. This study therefore proposed a new cycle to enhance performance of the cascade heat pump by adopting an auxiliary heat exchanger (AHX) in desuperheater, heater and parallel positions at the low stage (LS) side. The new cascade cycle with AHX in desuperheater position was found to have better performance than that with AHX at heater and parallel positions. Compared to the conventional cycle, heating capacity and coefficient of performance (COP) of the new cascade cycle with AHX in desuperheater position increased up to 7.4% and 14.9% respectively.

scholarly journals Comparison of Transcritical CO2 and Conventional Refrigerant Heat Pump Water Heaters for Domestic Applications

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 479
Author(s):  
Ignacio Paniagua ◽  
Ángel Álvaro ◽  
Javier Martín ◽  
Celina Fernández ◽  
Rafael Carlier
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Water Heaters

Although CO 2 as refrigerant is well known for having the lowest global warming potential (GWP), and commercial domestic heat pump water heater systems exist, its long expected wide spread use has not fully unfolded. Indeed, CO 2 poses some technological difficulties with respect to conventional refrigerants, but currently, these difficulties have been largely overcome. Numerous studies show that CO 2 heat pump water heaters can improve the coefficient of performance (COP) of conventional ones in the given conditions. In this study, the performances of transcritical CO 2 and R410A heat pump water heaters were compared for an integrated nearly zero-energy building (NZEB) application. The thermodynamic cycle of two commercial systems were modelled integrating experimental data, and these models were then used to analyse both heat pumps receiving and producing hot water at equal temperatures, operating at the same ambient temperature. Within the range of operation of the system, it is unclear which would achieve the better COP, as it depends critically on the conditions of operation, which in turn depend on the ambient conditions and especially on the actual use of the water. Technology changes on each side of the line of equal performance conditions of operation (EPOC), a useful design tool developed in the study. The transcritical CO 2 is more sensitive to operating conditions, and thus offers greater flexibility to the designer, as it allows improving performance by optimising the global system design.

Annual pattern of the coefficient of performance considering several heat pump types and its environmental consequences

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
T. Buday ◽  
Gy. Szabó ◽  
I. Fazekas ◽  
M. Paládi ◽  
Sz. Szabó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Temperature Pattern ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pump ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Heating Mode

Heating with the use of ambient energy by heat pumps is a very effective way to reduce CO2 emission. However, efficiency, economic and environmental advantages depend on the type of the heat pump and the temperature of the source, the latter usually changes during the heating season. The aim of the paper is to give the annual pattern of the COP and emission as a function of the typical source temperature pattern, moreover yearly summarized energetic and emission values are also added in the case of air source, water source and ground source heat pump systems, compared to some conventional heating mode.

scholarly journals Ecological Analysis of Heat Pumps in Poland in Terms of Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Sara Sewastianik ◽  
Andrzej Gajewski
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Heat Demand ◽  
Electrical Energy Production

The purpose of this work is a comparison of indirect carbon dioxide emissions between the different heat pump types that operate in Polish climate conditions. This analysis embraces an air–water heat pump (ASHP), ground–water heat pump (GSHP), water–water heat pump (WSHP), and a WSHP with a separating heat exchanger (SHE) in the selected towns, one in each climatic zone in the country. The study starts from a computation of heat demand and electrical energy consumption in every hour of the heating season using temperature values taken from a typical meteorological year (TMY). Then, seasonal coefficient of performance (SCOP) values are determined, which enables an assessment of which kind of heat pump meets the European Union requirements in every location. Eventually, indirect CO2 emissions that are caused by electrical energy production are estimated for every heat pump in each location.

scholarly journals An Analytical Comparison Between the Performance of a Hot Water Heat Pump With a Non-Azeotropic Refrigerant Mixture and a Pure Refrigerant

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Smit ◽  
Josua P. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Refrigerant Mixture ◽  
Compressor Pressure Ratio ◽  
Heating Capacity

The applications of hot water in the industrial, domestic and mining applications are numerous, and these are only a few of the core areas of use. In these applications fossil fuels and electrical resistance systems are usually used to heat water to temperatures near boiling point. The refrigerant R22, that is currently being used in hot water heat pumps, delivers hot water temperatures from 60 °C to 65 °C. This limits the applications of hot water heat pumps. This analytical study uses three comparison methods to investigate and compare the potential of a non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture consisting of R22 and R142b. From the results different advantages of non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures are evident. Depending on the application, if the results of a non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture are compared with a pure R22 heat pump, an increase in hot water temperatures to above boiling point, an increase in coefficient of performance, an increase in capacity and a decrease in compressor pressure ratio are possible. Unfortunately, not all these advantages are valid for each application. For instance, extremely high hot water temperatures are obtained, whilst the heating capacity is excessively low.

scholarly journals Energetic and Ecologic Heat Pumps Evaluation in Poland

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4980
Author(s):  
Sara Sewastianik ◽  
Andrzej Gajewski
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Climatic Zone ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Heating Degree Days ◽  
Electrical Energy Production

The purpose of the work is a comparison of indirect carbon dioxide emissions between the different heat pump types that operate in Polish climate conditions. The analysis embraces air-to-water heat pump, ground-to-water heat pump, water-to-water heat pump and water-to-water heat pump with separating heat exchanger in the selected towns one in each climatic zone in the country. The study starts from determining seasonal coefficient of performance in each location using heating degree days to estimate seasonal heat demand. Seasonal coefficient of performance values enable an assessment which kind of heat pump meets the European Union requirements in every location. Eventually, indirect CO2 emissions that is caused by electrical energy production, are estimated for every heat pump in each location. Ground-to-water heat pump and water-to-water heat pump satisfy these requirements in each climatic zone in Poland. Air-to-water heat pump would be an energetic and ecological viable on a condition that substantial changes were done in Polish electrical energy mix.

scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Emissions from a Ground Heat Pump for a Detached House

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Sara Sewastianik ◽  
Andrzej Gajewski
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Heat Generator

Inasmuch as the European Union promotes only energetically viable heat pumps in a given location, the aim of the work is an assessment of whether a ground-to-water heat pump (ground source heat pump: GSHP) can be considered as an ecological heat generator in Polish climatic conditions and those of the energy market. Here, as an estimator, the net seasonal coefficient of performance (SCOPnet) was selected. Estimation was done using 10-year temperature measurements. It was found that in heating mode SCOPnet value equaled 4.83, satisfying European Commission guidelines. According to the guidelines, the minimal SCOPnet value in Polish energy market conditions should exceed 3.5. CO2 emissions from the GSHP represented two-thirds of CO2 emissions of an air-to-water heat pump (air source heat pump: ASHP) in the same building. The ground heat pump thus meets the ecological heat generator conditions set by the European Commission.

A New Type of District Heating System Based on Distributed Absorption Heat Pumps

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Fu ◽  
Yan Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
New Approach

This paper presents a new approach to utilize geothermal energy with absorption heat pump in district heating system. The heat pump is driven by the temperature-difference between primary and secondary heating loops. In this method, the low-grade thermal energy can be used in district heating system effectively, as a result, the heating capacity and energy efficiency of district heating system can be improved more than 20%. On one hand, it could relieve the existing dilemma (shortage) of central heat source, as well enhance the delivery capacity of heating network dramatically. On the other hand, heating cost may be reduced remarkably, due to the reduction in both coal consumption of central heat and energy consumption of delivery pump. Firstly, this paper introduces the district heating method based on distributed absorption heat pumps through the analysis on the parameter characteristics of low-grade energy, hot water of primary and secondary heating network, as well as the operation parameters of absorption heat pumps. Secondly, an economic and energy consumption analysis was discussed by comparing the new approach with conventional heating system. Finally, this paper presents several system configurations, discusses the operation strategies in various conditions, and proposes the operation modes for heating season.

scholarly journals An analysis of effectiveness of air heat pump operation dependent on change of external air temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
O. Shapoval ◽  
N.   Chepurna ◽  
M. Kirichenko
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Heat Carrier ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
High Coefficient

Currently, air-to-water heat pumps are more widely used, which due to the high coefficient of performance reduce energy consumption and negative impact on the environment. They decrease the dependency on costs of energy resources. The work is devoted to solving the urgent problem of improving the efficiency of air heat pumps at low temperature of outdoor air in winter. One of the main problems of an air heat pump is the reduction of productivity when the outdoor air temperature decreases in winter. In this paper, the effectiveness of LG Therma V air-to-water heat pump to provide apartments with heating and hot water supply was analyzed. The heat pump is reversive, which can cool or heat a heat carrier. A four-way valve swithes the coolant flows between air exchangers. On the basis of the obtained results, plots of effectivness of the heat pump dependent on outdoor air temperature are built. It is shown that the effectiveness of the heat pump significantly depends not only on the outside temperature but also on the water temperature at the outlet of the heat pump. The use of heat pumps with a high coefficient of performance can significantly reduce energy costs. The most effective are low-temperature heating systems, in which the water temperature does not exceed 45 °C. The example is floor heating, which requires very low temperature of the floor surface – up to 30 °C. At outdoor air temperature not less than milnus 7 °C the heat pump is effective at higher temperature off heat carrier at output – up to 55 °C. To provide the uninterrupted heat supply, an additional air heater is included. It covers heat load during defrosting and very low outdoor air temperature. On the basis of the conducted researches, the directions of the further experimental and field researches are planned.

DETERMINING THE PROFITABILITY OF GREENHOUSE ELECTROTECHNOLOGIES: A MODELING APPROACH

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 249a-249
Author(s):  
Eric A. Lavoie ◽  
Damien de Halleux ◽  
André Gosselin ◽  
Jean-Claude Dufour
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Water System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Marketable Fruit

The main objective of this research was to produce a simulated model that permitted the evaluation of operating costs of commercial greenhouse tomato growers with respect to heating methods (hot air, hot water, radiant and heat pumps) and the use of artificial lighting for 1991 and 1992. This research showed that the main factors that negatively influence profitability were energy consumption during cold periods and the price of tomatoes during the summer season. The conventional hot water system consumed less energy than the heat pump system and produced marketable fruit yields similar to those from the heat pump system. The hot water system was generally more profitable in regards to energy consumption and productivity. Moreover, investment costs were less; therefore, this system gives best overall financial savings. As for radiant and hot air systems, their overall financial status falls between that of the hot water system and the heat pump. The radiant system proved to be more energy efficient that the hot air system, but the latter produced a higher marketable fruit yield over the 2-year study.

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