scholarly journals Electrodynamics of Reactive Power in the Space of Inter-Substation Zones of AC Electrified Railway Line

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3510
Author(s):  
Mykola Kostin ◽  
Anatolii Nikitenko ◽  
Tetiana Mishchenko ◽  
Lyudmila Shumikhina
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Electric Locomotive ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
Frontal Part ◽  
Electric Rolling Stock ◽  
Electric Traction

In railway traction, the definition of “electromagnetic field” is functionally connected to the concept of the reactive power consumed by the electric rolling stock, and characterized by the running and standing electromagnetic waves in the space of the inter-substation zones from the site of the AC traction system. Such a definition is established and theoretically justified by the theory of electromagnetic fields. This article uses the methodology of this theory, in particular, a method for power balance estimation in electromagnetic fields based on Maxwell’s equations, as well as methods for the analysis of running and standing electromagnetic waves based on the theory of reflection, propagation and transmission of plane harmonic waves. The research considers the regularities of standing electromagnetic waves in the space of inter-substation zones of electric traction systems, which occur due to the incomplete reflection of incident waves from the contact wire and metal parts of the roof surface and the frontal part of the body of the electric rolling stock. The flow of electricity to the roof surface and the frontal part of the body of an electric locomotive is considered. The possibility of using existing methods to reduce wave reflections and thereby to effectively compensate for reactive power in the space of inter-substation zones is discussed.

scholarly journals Electrodynamics of electric power transmission and losses in devices of electric transport systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Mykola Kostin
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
The Body ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Electric Transport ◽  
Electric Rolling Stock ◽  
Feeder Zone

For the first time, the “field” approach for explaining the processes of transmission and generation of electric power losses in devices of electric transport systems is described and theoretically substantiated on the basis of the theory of electromagnetic field. The results of the solution of the system of electromagnetic field equations show that it is energetically appropriate to design low-floor types of electric rolling stock. A qualitative view of electric power flows arriving through the air of the feeder zone from the traction substation and entering to the electric rolling stock through the roof and the front part of its body is presented. It is established that the main flow of energy enters through the roof porcelain insulator. At the same time, the electromagnetic waves partly penetrate into the metal surfaces of roof and frontal part of the body, and partially they are reflected from them creating losses of active power. The results of calculations of these losses, power factor and reactive power factor of the electric locomotive roof are shown. The relation between the standing waves, formed in the feeder zone, and the reactive power consumed by the electric rolling stock is established.

scholarly journals The principle of creating a "smart" electricity meter in electric traction networks with stochastic electromagnetic processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Mykola Kostin ◽  
◽  
Tetiana Mishchenko ◽  
Oksana Hoholyuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Power ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Electric Transport ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Electric Networks ◽  
Accuracy Class ◽  
Electric Traction

Voltage and current are sharply variable random (stochastic) processes in traction networks of DC electric transport systems. As a result, electronic and hybrid electricity meters used in electric systems measure electric power with a large relative error that significantly exceeds that of their accuracy class. In this paper the principle of developing smart meters for accounting the electricity transmitted from traction substations to electric rolling stock through a traction network is proposed. Proposed ideas are developed on the basis of the random processes correlation theory. The meter operates in real time and monitors not a set of realizations of random voltage and current processes, but their deterministic characteristics, that is, time functions of mathematical expectations and variances which make up the background of its operating principle. The experimental implementation of the proposed principle has been conducted in the feeder zone of an A-B section of the GisDnieper Railway of Ukraine, where registration and processing of realizations of stochastic voltage and current processes obtained in real operation mode has been done. The ratios obtained for active and reactive power can be applied not only for traction power grids, but also for electric networks of external power supply of DC electric traction systems as the basis for the “smart meter” design.

Prospects of improving technical and economic indicators of electric rolling stock

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Alexander Sergeevich Maznev ◽  
◽  
Alexander Alexandrovich Kiselev ◽  
Vladimir Аndreevich Usov ◽  
Аnnа Аndreevna Kalinina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Electric Locomotive ◽  
Traction Motors ◽  
Electric Rolling Stock ◽  
Instantaneous Values ◽  
Autonomous Voltage Inverter ◽  
Pulse Regulation ◽  
Technical And Economic Indicators

The paper considers methods of improving technical and economic indicators of direct current electric rolling stock. The authors propose a scheme of electric drive with pulse converters that are controlled by instantaneous values of armature and exciting currents. The scheme provides the realization of regenerative and resistance braking on almost the entire speed range. The paper also presents frequency characteristics of converters at speed from 5 to 100 km/h and proposes a scheme of direct current electric locomotive with pulse regulation of voltage on three connections of traction motors. Moreover, the authors discuss a structure of autonomous voltage inverter with group switching and reduced number of fully controlled semiconductor devices and present methods to prevent wheelspin through changing their load on rails and excitement of traction motors.

scholarly journals Improving the theory for calculating the rational modes of traction electrical equipment

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 05077 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.E. Auhadeev ◽  
R.G. Idiyatullin ◽  
P.P. Pavlov ◽  
V.M. Butakov ◽  
L.N. Kisneeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Electric Transport ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Scientific Hypothesis ◽  
Electric Rolling Stock ◽  
Traction Equipment ◽  
Electric Traction

Research shows that the existing theory and methods for calculating rational operating modes of traction electrical equipment do not provide a sufficient level of adequacy under real operating conditions of urban electric transport, which is due to the high complexity of the processes and the lack of a sufficiently developed methodology for their interpretation in industry theory. The purpose of the study was researching the process of electric traction as a result of transformation electrical energy in purposeful mechanical movement of electric rolling stock with the implementation of all technological conditions of production and technical system of urban electric transport. The scientific hypothesis that the modes of operation of electric traction equipment as part of an automated electric drive of the rolling stock of urban electric transport are formed under the influence of a complexly organized technological process of electric traction and are the topological basis of its structure is theoretically substantiated. The main result of the research is the formulated theoretical system which allows us to present the process of electric traction as a system consisting of five levels that are in hierarchical relations and solve each specific problem of building the movement of electric transport. Such an approach will contribute to the development of theory and methods for calculating rational operating modes of traction electrical equipment of urban electric transport, the improvement of the energy efficiency of which is the actual scientific problem.

scholarly journals Experimental studies of electromagnetic fields on electric rolling stock

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
N. A. Sergeenkov ◽  
◽  
A. N. Gorskiy ◽  
P. Yu. Vasiliev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Electric Locomotive ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Electric Rolling Stock ◽  
Permissible Levels ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Electric Train

Objective: To identify the influence of electromagnetic interference of various origins on the func- tioning of electronic components of control systems in electric rolling stock (ERS) and radio commu- nication devices, and the effect of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on humans. To carry out experi- mental studies of the ERS EMF characteristics taken as source data, allowing to assess the need to take appropriate actions to ensure electromagnetic safety. One of such measures is the optimal ar- rangement of electric equipment in the driver’s cabin of an electric locomotive or electric train, which will make it possible to achieve the minimum electric and magnetic field strength values under specified conditions. Methods: Direct measurement of the electromagnetic field characteristics in the driver’s cabin of a new 2ES-5 (2ЭС-5) AC electric locomotive (joint production of Transmashhol- ding JSC, Russia, and Alstom, France), as well as on a 2ES4K (2ЭС4К) DC electric locomotive (driver’s cabin, high-voltage chamber, electric locomotive roof) and an ED4M (ЭД4М) DC electric train (dri- ver’s cabin, train car). In the driver’s cabin, measurements were carried out near the working appa- ratus, near the driver’s and assistant's seats and at frequencies for which the maximum permissible levels have been set. Results: The magnetic field strengths (as having the greatest effect on the func- tioning of the electronic components of the ERS control systems and on the person) in the driver’s cabin of electric locomotives and electric trains were measured at different currents under the fol- lowing conditions: starting, traction, braking in the high-voltage chamber and on the electric locomo- tive roof. Practical importance: The given electromagnetic field characteristics do not exceed the specifications set forth in the regulatory documents of the Russian Federation. However, when trains move, there are bursts of EMF strength values due to transient processes in the power supply sys- tem: on DC ERS, the magnetic field strength in the driver’s cabin reached 100 A/m, the electric field strength — 8,5 kV/m, magnetic induction on the DC electric locomotive roof — 400 μT. These values exceed the maximum permissible levels and require the relevant actions to ensure electromagnetic safety.

Biological effects of electromagnetic waves with emphasis on radio and microwave: An environmental carcinogen

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Saeed Yari ◽  
Ayda Fallah Asadi ◽  
Alireza Mosavi Jarrahi ◽  
Mohammad Nourmohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Environmental Carcinogen ◽  
Standard Level ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
Applied Fields ◽  
Harmful Effects

Human is exposed to a variety of electromagnetic fields from natural and artificial sources. These fields cause the electric field in the body to affect the movement of ions, heat, neuromuscular stimulation, and various effects. The biological effects of these waves depend strongly on the waveform, frequency and angle between the applied fields and the Earth's magnetic field, as well as their continuity or pulsation. Electromagnetic fields caused by conventional devices are at a standard level and appear to be harmless to humans. But the results of research on specific people, such as military personnel or those who live and work near radar stations, high-pressure posts and high-powered telecommunications and radio transmitters, show that they have harmful effects and live nearby they are not risk free.

Classifi cation of factors aff ecting the power consumption of electric rolling stock

Innotrans ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Baklanov ◽  
◽  
Kirill I. Domanov ◽  
Nikolay V. Esin ◽  
Stanislav G. Istomin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Electric Locomotive ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Correct Method ◽  
Electric Rolling Stock

The principles and criteria for classifying factors that affect the power consumption of a train with an electric locomotive are formulated. Based on the analysis of the energy balance, the interconversions of various types of energy and the energy diagrams that characterize them in different modes of train movement are considered. The analysis made it possible to identify the factors that affect the power consumption of the train in all modes of movement, and evaluate them according to various criteria. A classification of factors affecting the train power consumption is proposed, which allows us to justify the correct method of accounting for each factor, as well as to develop measures to reduce the influence of individual factors on the train energy consumption.

Influence of smooth and step-by-step regulation of excitation attenuation of traction electric motors of electric locomotives on the speed of movement of electric rolling stock

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
T. V. Volchek ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Method ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Electric Locomotive ◽  
Excitation Current ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Control Zone ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Electric Rolling Stock ◽  
Train Speed

ter reaching the maximum voltage at the 4th control zone of the rectifier-inverter converter of an AC electric locomotive, a further increase in speed is achieved by connecting the field attenuation system (FA) of traction electric motors (TEM). All domestic electric locomotives use the FA TEM system of the inductively active type with step switching. However, it has drawbacks, one of them is that step switching causes speed losses and slows down the acceleration of electric rolling stock (ERS). By 2025, the goal is to increase the speed of freight trains, which will increase freight turnover on the railway network [1]. One solution is to improve the ERS. In this regard, it is proposed to improve the standard FA TEM system of an electric locomotive by using IGBT transistors, which allow smooth regulation of the excitation current. In the article, using the graphical method of the RM, a curve of the train speed is constructed, which proves that the smooth control of the electric locomotive FA TEM allows you to quickly reach the maximum permissible speed of the electric locomotive on the section and to move at a higher speed in the ascent than with step-by-step regulation. The simulation of the 3ES5K series electric locomotive in the «Cortes» software complex on the Winter - Irkutsk-Sortirovochny section was also carried out, which proved that with the smooth regulation of the FA TEM, the technical speed of the ERS increases by at least 2,5 km/h.

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