scholarly journals Water Cycle Algorithm Optimized Type II Fuzzy Controller for Load Frequency Control of a Multi-Area, Multi-Fuel System with Communication Time Delays

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5387
Author(s):  
Ch. Naga Sai Kalyan ◽  
B. Srikanth Goud ◽  
Ch. Rami Reddy ◽  
Haitham S. Ramadan ◽  
Mohit Bajaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Time Delays ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Dynamical Behavior ◽  
Test System ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Water Cycle Algorithm ◽  
Communication Time

This paper puts forward the implementation of an intelligent type II fuzzy PID (T2-FPID) controller tweaked with a water cycle algorithm (WCA), subjected to an error multiplied with time area over integral (ITAE) objective index for regularizing the variations in frequency and interline power flow of an interconnected power system during load disturbances. The WCA-based T2-FPID is tested on a multi-area (MA) system comprising thermal-hydro-nuclear (THN) (MATHN) plants in each area. The dynamical behavior of the system is analyzed upon penetrating area 1 with a step load perturbation (SLP) of 10%. However, power system practicality constraints, such as generation rate constraints (GRCs) and time delays in communication (CTDs), are examined. Afterward, a territorial control scheme of a superconducting magnetic energy storage system (SMES) and a unified power flow controller (UPFC) is installed to further enhance the system performance. The dominancy of the presented WCA-tuned T2-FPID is revealed by testing it on a widely used dual-area hydro-thermal (DAHT) power system model named test system 1 in this paper. Analysis reveals the efficacy of the presented controller with other approaches reported in the recent literature. Finally, secondary and territorial regulation schemes are subjected to sensitivity analysis to deliberate the robustness.

scholarly journals Impact of communication time delays on combined LFC and AVR of a multi-area hybrid system with IPFC-RFBs coordinated control strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C H. Naga Sai Kalyan ◽  
G. Sambasiva Rao
Keyword(s):  
Time Delays ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Coordinated Control ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Communication Time ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn this paper, the impact of communication time delays (CTDs) on combined load frequency control (LFC) and automatic voltage regulation (AVR) of a multi-area system with hybrid generation units is addressed. Investigation reveals that CTDs have significant effect on system performance. A classical PID controller is employed as a secondary regulator and its parametric gains are optimized with a differential evolution - artificial electric field algorithm (DE-AEFA). The superior performance of the presented algorithm is established by comparing with various optimization algorithms reported in the literature. The investigation is further extended to integration of redox flow batteries (RFBs) and interline power flow controller (IPFC) with tie-lines. Analysis reveals that IPFC and RFBs coordinated control enhances system dynamic performance. Finally, the robustness of the proposed control methodology is validated by sensitivity analysis during wide variations of system parameters and load.

scholarly journals Load frequency control of single area power system using Water Cycle Algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
Tarek Hassan Mohamed ◽  
A. El-Nobi ◽  
Ammar Hassan ◽  
Adel Bedair Abdelmoety ◽  
Shaimaa Abdelhameed
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Water Cycle Algorithm ◽  
Load Frequency

scholarly journals Load Frequency Control of Photovoltaic-Gasifier for Interconnected Two-Area Power Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2101-2105
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Pid Control ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Interconnected Power System ◽  
Load Frequency ◽  
Tie Line

Load frequency control (LFC) in interconnected power system of small distribution generation (DG) for reliability in distribution system. The main objective is to performance evaluation load frequency control of hybrid for interconnected two-area power systems. The simulation consist of solar farm 10 MW and gasifier plant 300 kW two-area in tie line. This impact LFC can be address as a problem on how to effectively utilize the total tie-line power flow at small DG. To performance evaluation and improve that defect of LFC, the power flow of two-areas LFC system have been carefully studied, such that, the power flow and power stability is partially LFC of small DG of hybrid for interconnected two-areas power systems. Namely, the controller and structural properties of the multi-areas LFC system are similar to the properties of hybrid for interconnected two-area LFC system. Inspired by the above properties, the controller that is propose to design some proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control laws for the two-areas LFC system successfully works out the aforementioned problem. The power system of renewable of solar farm and gasifier plant in interconnected distribution power system of area in tie – line have simulation parameter by PID controller. Simulation results showed that 3 types of the controller have deviation frequency about 0.025 Hz when tie-line load changed 1 MW and large disturbance respectively. From interconnected power system the steady state time respond is 5.2 seconds for non-controller system, 4.3 seconds for automatic voltage regulator (AVR) and 1.4 seconds for under controlled system at 0.01 per unit (p.u.) with PID controller. Therefore, the PID control has the better efficiency non-controller 28 % and AVR 15 %. The result of simulation in research to be interconnected distribution power system substation of area in tie - line control for little generate storage for grid connected at better efficiency and optimization of renewable for hybrid. It can be conclude that this study can use for applying to the distribution power system to increase efficiency and power system stability of area in tie – line.

Load frequency control in the presence of simultaneous cyber-attack and participation of demand response program

2022 ◽  
pp. 014233122110686
Author(s):  
Seyed Hossein Rouhani ◽  
Hamed Mojallali ◽  
Alfred Baghramian
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Smart Power ◽  
False Data Injection ◽  
Load Disturbance ◽  
Communication Time

Simultaneous investigation of demand response programs and false data injection cyber-attack are critical issues for the smart power system frequency regulation. To this purpose, in this paper, the output of the studied system is simultaneously divided into two subsystems: one part including false data injection cyder-attack and another part without cyder-attack. Then, false data injection cyber-attack and load disturbance are estimated by a non-linear sliding mode observer, simultaneously and separately. After that, demand response is incorporated in the uncertain power system to compensate the whole or a part of the load disturbance based on the available electrical power in the aggregators considering communication time delay. Finally, active disturbance rejection control is modified and introduced to remove the false data injection cyber-attack and control the uncompensated load disturbance. The salp swarm algorithm is used to design the parameters. The results of several simulation scenarios indicate the efficient performance of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Optimal Allocation of Hybrid Renewable Energy System by Multi-Objective Water Cycle Algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed ◽  
Ali ◽  
Alkhalaf ◽  
Senjyu ◽  
Hemeida
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power System ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Fuzzy Decision Making ◽  
Water Cycle Algorithm ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Load Models ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy System ◽  
Simulation Results

This article offers a multi-objective framework for an optimal mix of different types of distributed energy resources (DERs) under different load models. Many renewable and non-renewable energy resources like photovoltaic system (PV), micro-turbine (MT), fuel cell (FC), and wind turbine system (WT) are incorporated in a grid-connected hybrid power system to supply energy demand. The main aim of this article is to maximize environmental, technical, and economic benefits by minimizing various objective functions such as the annual cost, power loss and greenhouse gas emission subject to different power system constraints and uncertainty of renewable energy sources. For each load model, optimum DER size and its corresponding location are calculated. To test the feasibility and validation of the multi-objective water cycle algorithm (MOWCA) is conducted on the IEEE-33 bus and IEEE-69 bus network. The concept of Pareto-optimality is applied to generate trilateral surface of non-dominant Pareto-optimal set followed by a fuzzy decision-making mechanism to obtain the final compromise solution. Multi-objective non-dominated sorting genetic (NSGA-III) algorithm is also implemented and the simulation results between two algorithms are compared with each other. The achieved simulation results evidence the better performance of MOWCA comparing with the NSGA-III algorithm and at different load models, the determined DER locations and size are always righteous for enhancement of the distribution power system performance parameters.

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