scholarly journals Thermodynamic Analysis of CNG Fast Filling Process of Composite Cylinder Type IV

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5568
Author(s):  
Adam Saferna ◽  
Piotr Saferna ◽  
Szymon Kuczyński ◽  
Mariusz Łaciak ◽  
Adam Szurlej ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Composite Cylinder ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Filling Process ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Continuity Equations ◽  
Composite Tank

Due to ecological and economic advantages, natural gas is used as an alternative fuel in the transportation sector in the form of compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG). Development of infrastructure is necessary to popularize vehicles that use alternative fuels. Selected positive factors from EU countries supporting the development of the CNG market were discussed. The process of natural gas vehicle (NGV) fast filling is related to thermodynamic phenomena occurring in a tank. In this study, the first law of thermodynamics and continuity equations were applied to develop a theoretical model to investigate the effects of natural gas composition on the filling process and the final in-cylinder conditions of NGV on-board composite cylinder (type IV). Peng–Robinson equation of state (P-R EOS) was applied, and a lightweight composite tank (type IV) was considered as an adiabatic system. The authors have devised a model to determine the influence of natural gas composition on the selected thermodynamic parameters during fast filling: Joule–Thomson (J-T) coefficient, in-cylinder gas temperature, mass flow rate profiles, in-cylinder mass increase, natural gas density change, ambient temperature on the final natural gas temperature, influence of an ambient temperature on the amount of refueled natural gas mass. Results emphasize the importance of natural gas composition as an important parameter for the filling process of the NGV on-board composite tank (type IV).

scholarly journals Study of the Effects of Changes in Gas Composition as Well as Ambient and Gas Temperature on Errors of Indications of Thermal Gas Meters

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Jaworski ◽  
Adrian Dudek
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Metrological Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Thermal gas meters represent a promising technology for billing customers for gaseous fuels, however, it is essential to ensure that measurement accuracy is maintained in the long term and in a broad range of operating conditions. The effect of hydrogen addition to natural gas will change the physicochemical properties of the mixture of natural gas and hydrogen. Such a mixture will be supplied through the gas system, to consumers, including households, where the amounts of received gas will be metered. The physicochemical properties of hydrogen, including the specific density or viscosity, differ significantly from those of the natural gas components, such as methane, ethane, propane, nitrogen, etc. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to establish the impact of the changes in the gas composition caused by the addition of hydrogen to natural gas on the metrological properties of household gas meters, including thermal gas meters. Furthermore, since household gas meters can be installed outdoors and, taking into account the fact that household gas meters are good heat exchangers, the influence of ambient and gas temperature on the metrological properties of those meters should be investigated. This article reviews a test bench and a testing method concerning errors of thermal gas meter indicators using air and natural gas, including the type containing hydrogen. The indication errors for thermal gas meters using air, natural gas and natural gas with an addition of 2%, 4%, 5%, 10% and 15% hydrogen were determined and then subjected to metrological analysis. Moreover, the test method and test bench are discussed and the results of tests on the impact of ambient and gas temperatures (‒25 °C and 55 °C, respectively) on the errors of indications of thermal gas meters are presented. Conclusions for distribution system operators in terms of gas meter selection were drawn based on the test results.

The Effect of Nitrogen in Natural Gas on the NOx Emission From a 90 kW Burner

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Diego-Marin ◽  
Carlos Melendez-Cervantes ◽  
Alejandro Mani Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Incident Heat Flux ◽  
Thermal Mechanism ◽  
Different Levels

The role of different levels of nitrogen in natural gas on the emissions of NOx was investigated in a furnace. Nitrogen was added to the natural gas in concentrations of 4, 7 and 11% by volume. In addition, a trial was carried out as a baseline with 0.17% N2. The thermal load of the furnace was 90 kW and was kept constant in all four trials. Flue gas temperatures were measured with a small suction pyrometer, as well as incident heat flux with an ellipsoidal radiometer. In addition, flue gas composition was conducted at the stack of the experimental furnace. NOx emissions decreased as nitrogen was added to natural gas. This was due to the reduction of flue gas temperature near the burner zone where the thermal mechanism can play a significant role. With 11% nitrogen in natural gas, the flue gas temperature and the incident heat flux near the burner were the lowest, but the highest at the furnace exit. Therefore, care should be taken to avoid damages in gas turbines or furnaces while burning natural gas with high nitrogen content.

Lime kiln conversion from coke to natural gas operation – an option in direction of sustainable energy

2020 ◽  
pp. 431-434
Author(s):  
Oliver Arndt
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Lime Kiln ◽  
Lime Kilns ◽  
Co2 Balance ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

This paper deals with the conversion of coke fired lime kilns to gas and the conclusions drawn from the completed projects. The paper presents (1) the decision process associated with the adoption of the new technology, (2) the necessary steps of the conversion, (3) the experiences and issues which occurred during the first campaign, (4) the impacts on the beet sugar factory (i.e. on the CO2 balance and exhaust gas temperature), (5) the long term impressions and capabilities of several campaigns of operation, (6) the details of available technologies and (7) additional benefits that would justify a conversion from coke to natural gas operation on existing lime kilns. (8) Forecast view to develop systems usable for alternative gaseous fuels (e.g. biogas).

scholarly journals An Optimum Fatigue Design of Polymer Composite Compressed Natural Gas Tank Using Hybrid Finite Element-Response Surface Methods

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Kazem Reza Kashyzadeh ◽  
Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor ◽  
Mostafa Omidi Bidgoli ◽  
Michal Petrů ◽  
Alireza Amiri Asfarjani
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Composite Shell ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Fiber Angle ◽  
Composite Tank

The main purpose of this research is to design a high-fatigue performance hoop wrapped compressed natural gas (CNG) composite cylinder. To this end, an optimization algorithm was presented as a combination of finite element simulation (FES) and response surface analysis (RSA). The geometrical model was prepared as a variable wall-thickness following the experimental measurements. Next, transient dynamic analysis was performed subjected to the refueling process, including the minimum and maximum internal pressures of 20 and 200 bar, respectively. The time histories of stress tensor components were extracted in the critical region. Furthermore, RSA was utilized to investigate the interaction effects of various polymer composite shell manufacturing process parameters (thickness and fiber angle) on the fatigue life of polymer composite CNG pressure tank (type-4). In the optimization procedure, four parameters including wall-thickness of the composite shell in three different sections of the CNG tank and fiber angle were considered as input variables. In addition, the maximum principal stress of the component was considered as the objective function. Eventually, the fatigue life of the polymer composite tank was calculated using stress-based failure criterion. The results indicated that the proposed new design (applying optimal parameters) leads to improve the fatigue life of the polymer composite tank with polyethylene liner about 2.4 times in comparison with the initial design.

Comparison Between Two-Shaft Simple and Single-Shaft Recuperated Brayton Cycles Using Different Types of Gaseous Fuels

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Malkogianni ◽  
A. Tourlidakis ◽  
A. L. Polyzakis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lower Heating

Geopolitical issues give rise to problems in the smooth and continuous flow of oil and natural gas from the production countries to the consumers’ development countries. In addition, severe environmental issues such as greenhouse gas emissions, eventually guide the consumers to fuels more suitable to the present situation. Alternative fuels such as biogas and coal gas have recently become more attractive because of their benefits, especially for electricity generation. On the other hand, the use of relatively low heating value fuels has a significant effect to the performance parameters of gas turbines. In this paper, the impact of using four fuels with different heating value in the gas turbine performance is simulated. Based on the high efficiency and commercialization criteria, two types of engines are chosen to be simulated: two-shaft simple and single-shaft recuperated cycle gas turbines. The heating values of the four gases investigated, correspond to natural gas and to a series of three gases with gradually lower heating values than that of natural gas. The main conclusions drawn from this design point (DP) and off-design (OD) analysis is that, for a given TET, efficiency increases for both engines when gases with low heating value are used. On the contrary, when power output is kept constant, the use of gases with low heating value will result in a decrease of thermal efficiency. A number of parametric studies are carried out and the effect of operating parameters on performance is assessed. The analysis is performed with customized software, which has been developed for this purpose.

Effects of Natural Gas Compositions on Engine In-Cylinder Process

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 498-503
Author(s):  
La Xiang ◽  
Yu Ding
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Natural Gas Engines ◽  
Lower Maximum

Natural gas (NG) is one of the most promising alternative fuels of diesel and petrol because of its economics and environmental protection. Generally the NG engine share the similar structure profile with diesel or petrol engine but the combustion characteristics of NG is varied from the fuels, so the investigation of NG engine combustion process receive more attentions from the researchers. In this paper, a zero-dimensional model on the basis of Vibe function is built in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The model provides the prediction of combustion process in natural gas engines, which has been verified by the experimental data in the NG test bed. Furthermore, the influence of NG composition on engine performance is investigated, in which the in-cylinder maximum pressure and temperature and mean indicated pressure are compared using different type NG. It is shown in the results that NG with higher composition of methane results in lower maximum temperature and mean indicated pressure as well as higher maximum pressure.

Modeling of Natural Gas Composition Effect on Low NOx Burners Operation in Heavy Duty Gas Turbine

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Romano ◽  
Roberto Meloni ◽  
Giovanni Riccio ◽  
Pier Carlo Nassini ◽  
Antonio Andreini
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Annular Combustor ◽  
Heavy Duty Gas Turbine ◽  
Minimal Environmental Impact ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper addresses the impact of natural gas composition on both the operability and emissions of lean premixed gas turbine combustion system. This is an issue of growing interest due to the challenge for gas turbine manufacturers in developing fuel-flexible combustors capable of operating with variable fuel gases while producing very low emissions at the same time. Natural gas contains primarily methane (CH4) but also notable quantities of higher order hydrocarbons such as ethane (C2H6) can also be present. A deep understanding of natural gas combustion is important to obtain the highest combustion efficiency with minimal environmental impact. For this purpose, Large Eddy Simulations of an annular combustor sector equipped with a partially premixed burner are carried out for two different natural gas compositions with and without including the effect of flame strain rate and heat loss resulting in a more adequate description of flame shape, thermal field, and extinction phenomena. Promising results, in terms of NOx, compared against available experimental data, are obtained including these effects on the flame brush modeling, enhancing the fuel-dependency under nonadiabatic condition.

Pyrolysis of Natural Gas: Effects of Process Variables and Reactor Materials on the Product Gas Composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 690-698
Author(s):  
Steven Wang ◽  
Woo Jin Lee ◽  
Chao'en Li ◽  
Benny Kuan ◽  
Nick Burke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Product Gas ◽  
Reactor Materials
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