Bottom-Up Initiatives Undertaken by Local Governments to Support Entrepreneurship

The present paper deals with issues related to activities undertaken by local government. The article focuses on the identification and assessment of the significance of local government’s different bottom-up initiatives that support development of local entrepreneurship. The article also indirectly discusses the importance of activities referring to energy efficiency. Through the digitization process and by using digital tools, LGs realize projects, improve local actors’ awareness, and finally achieve new challenges such as a higher proportion of gross final energy consumption being from renewable sources. The aim of the paper is to present the relationship between the LGs’ entrepreneurial activities, which we call bottom-up initiatives, and the local entrepreneurship level, understood as the number of entrepreneurs active on the territory of a LG. This paper presents the results of research carried out on the bottom-up initiatives undertaken by Polish local governments to support entrepreneurship. The research was based on survey and statistical tools and stepwise regression analysis. In the paper, bottom-up initiatives undertaken by local governments (such as organizing events at the national or regional scale that enable networking among entrepreneurs or establishing departments for supporting local entrepreneurship that offer cooperation with local entrepreneurs) were found to influence the number of entrepreneurs active in local government territories. The paper concludes that local governments and their bottom-up activities are an important factor influencing local entrepreneurship development. The presented research results have implications for policy makers and may be useful for local governments in Poland and in other countries in the context of supporting entrepreneurship by undertaking bottom-up initiatives at the local level.

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Local Government Finance in Ghana: Disbursement and Utilisation of the MPs share of the District Assemblies Common Fund

Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance ◽

10.5130/cjlg.v12i0.3275 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 90-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nana Nimo Appiah-Agyekum

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Local Governments ◽

Local Level ◽

Chief Executive ◽

Common Fund ◽

Local Government Finance ◽

Members Of Parliament ◽

Key Stakeholders ◽

The Relationship ◽

District Assemblies

The establishment of the District Assembly Common Fund (DACF) in 1993 and concomitant percentage set aside for Members of Parliament (MPs) in 2004 aims to support local governments and legislators in pro-poor development activities in their communities and constituencies. In spite of the importance of the MPs’ share of the District Assemblies Common Fund (MPsCF) in financing local level development in Ghana, very little is known about monitoring systems and procedures on the disbursement and utilization of the funds. The study therefore assessed qualitative data derived from interviews with officials from selected Local Government Authorities (LGAs) as well as other key stakeholders in the disbursement and utilization of the fund. The study findings point to the absence of legislative instrument on the management of the MPsCF. Further, monitoring of the fund was a responsibility shared by the LGAs and other external stakeholders. Finally, the effectiveness of monitoring the disbursement and utilization of the MPsCF was strongly influenced by the relationship between the Chief Executive of the Local Government Authority (LGCE) and MPs in the local government area.

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Quantifying the relationship between predisaster mitigation spending and major disaster declarations for US states and territories

Journal of Emergency Management ◽

10.5055/jem.2020.0478 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 341-347

Author(s):

Katharina Renken, PhD ◽

Andrea M. Jackman, PhD ◽

Mario G. Beruvides, PhD, PE

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Local Governments ◽

Local Level ◽

Disaster Mitigation ◽

Major Disaster ◽

National Implementation ◽

Disaster Declarations ◽

Proactive Measures ◽

Set Up ◽

The Relationship

Since the Stafford Act of 1988, the process of obtaining a formal Major Disaster Declaration has been codified for national implementation, with tasks defined at the smallest levels of local government up to the President. The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA 2000) placed additional requirements on local government to plan for mitigation activities within their jurisdictions. The goal of DMA 2000 was to not only implement more mitigative actions at the local level, but also initiate a process by which local governments could set up ongoing conversations and collaborative efforts with neighboring jurisdictions to ensure continuous, proactive measures were taken against the impacts of disasters. Based on the increased attention paid to mitigation and planning activities, a reasonable expectation would be to see a decline in the number of major disaster declarations since DMA 2000. However, simple correlation analysis shows that since DMA 2000, the number of major disaster declarations continues to increase. This article is intended as a preliminary study to encourage more detailed analysis in the future of the impacts of federal policy on local-level disaster prevention.

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Spatial and Institutional Analysis of the Voivodships Expenditure on Culture in the Years 2003 – 2015

e-Finanse ◽

10.2478/fiqf-2019-0021 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 67-75

Author(s):

Adam Mateusz Suchecki

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Public Administration ◽

Local Governments ◽

Local Level ◽

Institutional Analysis ◽

The State ◽

Cultural Institutions ◽

Location Quotient ◽

Local Authorities ◽

National Heritage

AbstractFollowing the completion of the process of decentralisation of public administration in Poland in 2003, a number of tasks implemented previously by the state authorities were transferred to the local level. One of the most significant changes to the financing and management methods of the local authorities was the transfer of tasks related to culture and national heritage to the set of tasks implemented by local governments. As a result of the decentralisation process, the local government units in Poland were given significant autonomy in determining the purposes of their budgetary expenditures on culture. At the same time, they were obliged to cover these expenses from their own revenues.This paper focuses on the analysis of expenditures on culture covered by the voivodship budgets, taking into consideration the structure of cultural institutions by their types, between 2003-2015. The location quotient (LQ) was applied to two selected years (2006 and 2015) to illustrate the diversity of expenditures on culture in individual voivodships.

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BUDGET TURBULENCE AND BUDGET DEVIATION: DO LOCAL GOVERNMENT HAVE THE ABILITY TO REDUCE THEM?

Jurnal Tata Kelola & Akuntabilitas Keuangan Negara ◽

10.28986/jtaken.v5i1.285 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Eva Herianti

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Local Governments ◽

Least Square ◽

Analysis Tool ◽

Government Programs ◽

Regional Budget ◽

Sensitivity Tests ◽

Least Square Approach ◽

Enhance Efficiency ◽

The Relationship

The purpose of this study is to examine and analyse the effect of local governments’ ability on the relationship between budget turbulence and budget deviation. The study sample uses the regional budget (APBD) report and realization of a number of districts/cities throughout Indonesia encompassing the 2014-2017 period, while the analysis covers the period from 2015-2017. This study uses the least square approach with EViews analysis tool version 10 to test the hypothesis. Result of the study shows that budget turbulence has a positive and significant effect on budget deviation. The result also shows that the capacity of local governments can reduce the influence of budget turbulence on the budget deviation. Sensitivity tests using proxies of local governments not sampled by the main test also show consistent results. Finally, sensitivity test by area category proves that for the three categories, mainly western, central, and eastern Indonesia, the results are consistent with the main test results. The contribution of this study to the policies of the local governments is aimed to enhance efficiency of spending and increase productive spending to support the priority of government programs and encourage efficient, innovative and sustainable financing while maintaining the investment climate. Through several of these alternatives, the local government can overcome the conditions of resource instability that can threaten the effectiveness of the implementation of various programs.

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THE ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN REGIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FOR THE HANDLING OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Yurispruden ◽

10.33474/yur.v4i2.10250 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 208

Author(s):

Fahrul Abrori

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Research Methods ◽

Financial Management ◽

Local Governments ◽

Central Government ◽

Fiscal Decentralization ◽

The Government ◽

The Stability ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRAKPandemi Covid-19 yang terjadi di Indonesia membuat pemerintah membuat kebijakan-kebijakan sebagai stimulus untuk menjaga kestabilan masyarakat dan perekonomian. Pemerintah pusat memberikan kewenangan kepada pemerintah daerah untuk mengelola keuangan daerah untuk menangani covid-19 di daerah masing-masing. Hal ini disebabkan karena pemerintah daerah lebih memahami kebutuhan daerahnya. Permasalahan yang diangkat Pertama, bagaimana hubungan Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah Daerah dalam pengelolaan keuangan untuk penanganan pandemi Covid-19? Kedua, Apa peran Pemerintah Daerah dalam pengelolaan keuangan daerah untuk penanganan pandemi Covid-19? Menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konsep. Hubungan Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah Daerah dalam Pengelolaan Keuangan untuk Penanganan Pandemi Covid-19 yaitu desentralisasi fiskal yang mana. Peran Pemerintah Daerah dalam Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah untuk Penanganan Pandemi Covid-19 yaitu dengan melakukan refocusing kegiatan, realokasi anggaran, dan Penggunaan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah.Kata kunci: Pemerintah Daerah, Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah, Pandemi Covid-19 ABSTRACTThe Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia led the government to make policies as a stimulus to maintain the stability of society and the economy. The central government authorizes local governments to manage local finances to deal with covid-19 in their respective regions. This is because the local government better understands the needs of the region. The issue raised first, how is the relationship between the Central Government and Local Government in financial management for the handling of the Covid-19 pandemic? Second, What is the role of local governments in regional financial management for the handling of the Covid-19 pandemic? Using normative juridical research methods with statutory approaches and concept approaches. The relationship between the Central Government and Local Government in Financial Management for the Handling of the Covid-19 Pandemic is fiscal decentralization. The role of local governments in regional financial management for the handling of the Covid-19 pandemic is by refocusing activities, reallocating budgets, and using regional budgets.Keywords: Local Government, Regional Financial Management, Covid-19 Pandemic

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Analyzing Actors’ Engagement in Sustainable Energy Planning at the Local Level in Ghana: An Empirical Study

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13082028 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2028

Author(s):

Hassan Qudrat-Ullah ◽

Mark McCarthy Akrofi ◽

Aymen Kayal

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Central Government ◽

Focal Point ◽

Sustainable Energy ◽

Local Level ◽

Energy Development ◽

Energy Planning ◽

Government Agencies ◽

Non Governmental Organizations ◽

Local Actors

Actors play a crucial role in sustainable energy development yet interaction in different contexts is an area that has not received much scholarly attention. Sustainable energy transitions theories such as the Multi-Level Perspective, for instance, have been criticized for not describing precisely the nature of the interactions between actors and institutions within socio-technical systems. The goal of this study was to empirically examine local actors’ engagement and its impact on the planning and implementation of sustainable energy initiatives in the villages and remote areas in Ghana. Using the mixed methodology approach, interviews were performed, focus discussion groups were held, and archival data were collected, and social network modeling and case study analysis was performed. Our findings showed that sustainable energy development at the local level depends on an interplay between local government agencies, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), central government agencies, local communities, and private sector organizations. Despite being the focal point at the local level, local government involvement in sustainable energy planning is limited. In the case of Ghana, sustainable energy planning remains centralized and is manifested in a low level of awareness of local actors on national energy plans. The implication for decision makers is that energy planning functions should be devolved to the local government. Such devolution is expected to ensure the integration of sustainable energies into local government plans for the well-coordinated implementation and effective monitoring of sustainable energy projects.

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Bottom up: a UK approach to art library co-operation

Art Libraries Journal ◽

10.1017/s030747220001124x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 9-17

Author(s):

Beth Houghton

Keyword(s):

Local Level ◽

Past Experience ◽

National Strategy ◽

Crystal Ball ◽

Bottom Up ◽

The Relationship ◽

Operative Activity ◽

Successes And Failures

What is library co-operation, what is its current relevance and how is its nature and purpose changing in today’s information world? What are the particular types of co-operative activity that art librarians have taken part in, and what have been their successes and failures? This article examines a range of projects carried out by ARLIS/UK & Ireland and others, from directories and union lists to cataloguing and indexing and disposal of stock. It considers the relationship between cooperative initiatives which can best be undertaken at local level and those where a national strategy and infrastructure are necessary. Finally it draws practical and realistic conclusions from a combination of past experience and a little crystal ball gazing.

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Performance reporting delay in local government: a global south view

International Journal of Public Sector Management ◽

10.1108/ijpsm-06-2019-0177 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 477-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Charles Wharton Kaye-Essien

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Local Governments ◽

Local Level ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Monitoring And Evaluation ◽

Global South ◽

Content Type ◽

Performance Reporting ◽

Reporting Delays ◽

Reporting Delay

PurposeThe object of this paper is to understand how central–local relations and internal technical characteristics contribute to performance reporting delays at the local level in a Global South context.Design/methodology/approachThe paper develops and tests four propositions using a combination of secondary data analyses and semistructured interviews with 30 local government officials.FindingsThe findings indicate that delays in performance reporting are generally high in pre-election years because leadership commitments at the local level largely shift toward national politics (campaigning for re-election of the president). Additional reporting delays were found to be the result of low financial capacity to maintain appropriate data collection and management systems, lack of highly trained monitoring and evaluation experts at the local level and lack of sanctions for noncompliance.Research limitations/implicationsThe fact that some types of Districts (large municipalities and metro areas with access to large financial resources) were excluded from the analysis induces some bias to the findings. The choice of 30 out of a total 260 local governments limits the analyses to only 12% of views and perceptions of local government reporting delay. Additionally sourcing responses from a few monitoring and evaluation (M&E) personnel out of hundreds of mid- to upper-level employees limited the breath of discussions that could have resulted from a broader study.Practical implicationsThe results of this paper suggest that any attempt at imposing sanctions on late reporting may not be very successful since national party politics, which lie outside the control of municipalities, is one of the main factors that drive reporting delay. Rather than imposing sanctions, government should consider incentivizing the reporting process. On the other hand, since internally generated funds (IGF) and the M&E team are factors that lie within the control of the municipality, any attempt to decrease reporting delay should first focus on improving local revenues and strengthening municipal M&E capacity building.Originality/valueThis paper adds to the existing literature by offering directions for approaching performance reporting delay in two ways. First, it emphasizes central–local relations as an important political determinant of performance reporting delay. Second, it explores reporting delay in Ghana's local governments and therefore provides useful insights from a Global South perspective.

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Development of a Local Health-Enhancing Physical Activity Policy Analysis Tool in France: CAPLA-Santé

Health Promotion Practice ◽

10.1177/1524839920916462 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 152483992091646 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Antoine Noël Racine ◽

Aurélie Van Hoye ◽

Amandine Baron ◽

Flore Lecomte ◽

Jean-Marie Garbarino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Local Government ◽

Policy Analysis ◽

Local Governments ◽

Local Level ◽

Local Government Area ◽

World Health ◽

Intersectoral Collaboration ◽

Analysis Tool ◽

Health Enhancing Physical Activity

The promotion of health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA) has become a key objective in public health policy. Therefore, based on the national HEPA Policy Audit Tool Version 2 (HEPA PAT v2) of the World Health Organization, a tool was designed to support local governments in assessing HEPA policies. This study aims to describe the adaptation and testing of the HEPA policy analysis tool (CAPLA-Santé) at the local level in France. The work was conducted in three stages: (1) an intersectoral group of experts was constituted, and the group adapted each item of the HEPA PAT v2 tool to the local level; (2) a testing phase with seven local governments helped to collect data and feedback on the tool; and (3) a final workshop was organized to adjust and finalize the tool. The final version of CAPLA-Santé contains 21 items divided into six major sections: overview of HEPA stakeholders in the local government area, policy documents, policy contents, funding and political engagement, studies and measures relating to physical activity in the local government area, and progress achieved and future challenges. CAPLA-Santé allows the collection and in-depth analysis of local level policies to assess the progress in promoting HEPA and intersectoral collaboration as well as identifying successful policy levers and remaining challenges.

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Federalismo fiscale e finanza locale

Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice ◽

10.1332/251569298x15668907116814 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 73-84

Author(s):

Giorgio Stefani

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Public Choice ◽

Local Governments ◽

Local Level ◽

Fiscal Crisis ◽

Economic Rationality ◽

Local Finance ◽

Simple Basis ◽

The Relationship ◽

Public Decision

Abstract The «fiscal crisis» cannot be solved on the simple basis of principles of economic rationality, without taking account of the institutional mechanisms. Politicians, bureaucrats, voters, do have a role in public decision-making and their behavior cannot be ignored.According to a generally shared view, local finance looks as an interesting field of research for Public Choice scientists since at local level the voter's ability to control the institutions is higher than at national level.This is true, however, only if we limit our attention to the relationship between local administrators and citizens. When the analysis includes the competition for funds among local governments, we have to deal with national problems, requiring the inclusion of variables whose behaviour is uneasy to predict.

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