scholarly journals Evaluation of the Radar Speed Cameras and Panels Indicating the Vehicles’ Speed as Traffic Calming Measures (TCM) in Short Length Urban Areas Located along Rural Roads

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8146
Author(s):  
Heriberto Pérez-Acebo ◽  
Robert Ziolkowski ◽  
Hernán Gonzalo-Orden
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Short Length ◽  
Short Segment ◽  
Rural Roads ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Calming ◽  
Lower Effect ◽  
The Village ◽  
Positive Effect

Traffic calming measures (TCMs) are implemented in urban areas to reduce vehicles’ speed and, generally speaking, results are obtained. However, speed is still a problem in rural roads crossing small villages without a bypass and with short-length urban areas, since drivers do not normally reduce their speed for that short segment. Hence, various TCM can be installed. It is necessary to maintain a calm area in these short segments to improve road safety, especially for pedestrian aiming to cross the road, and to save combustible by avoiding a constant increase-decrease of speed. Four villages were selected to evaluate the efficiency of radar speed cameras and panels indicating vehicle’s speed. Results showed that the presence of radar speed cameras reduces the speed in the direction they can fine, but with a lower effect in the non-fining direction. Additionally, a positive effect was observed in the fining direction in other points, such as pedestrian crossings. Nevertheless, the effect does not last long and speed cameras may be considered as punctual measures. If the TCMs are placed far from the start of the village they are not respected. Hence, it is recommended to place them near the real start of the build-up area. Lastly, it was verified that longer urban areas make overall speed decrease. However, when drivers feel that they are arriving to the end of the urban area, due to the inexistence of buildings, they start speeding up.

scholarly journals Analysis of the efficiency of traffic lights turning red in case of exceeding speed limit

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. e86047
Author(s):  
Heriberto Pérez-Acebo ◽  
Xabier Otxoa-Muñoz ◽  
Mikel Marquina-Llaguno ◽  
Hernán Gonzalo-Orden
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Rural Roads ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Traffic Calming ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Village

Due to the presence of various traffic calming measures (TCM) and traffic lights in urban areas, the speed of vehicles is maintained low. Nevertheless, a problem arises in the frontier between urban and non-urban areas because drivers must adapt their speed and behavior to new conditions. This risk becomes even greater in rural roads that penetrate small villages without a bypass and with a short urban segment, since drivers do not normally speed down in these segments. Various measures can be installed, but traffic lights that turn red if the speed limit is exceeded is not usually considered as a TCM in the literature. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the efficiency of traffic lights turning red in case of exceeding speed limit. The village of Ábalos in Spain was selected for this research, with an urban area of 630 m and this type of traffic lights in both directions. Results showed that drivers do not respect the speed limit - and hence, the red light - when they are placed separately. However, if they are placed next to a crosswalk, their effect is increased. Consequently, it is recommended to place these traffic lights with a crosswalk to reinforce the efficiency of both TCMs.

scholarly journals Traffic calming measures and their effect on the variation of speed

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernán Gonzalo Orden
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Speed Reduction ◽  
The Road ◽  
The North ◽  
Traffic Calming ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Technical Basis ◽  
Serious Injuries ◽  
North Of Spain

In recent years the number of deaths and serious injuries is decreasing in Spain, but, although the reduction outside the cities has been very strong, inside the urban areas, it has been smaller. This is especially hard if you look at the most vulnerable road users such as pedestrians and cyclists. In many accidents the speed factor appears closely linked not only to the number, but also to the severity of the accidents suffered inside the urban areas. Therefore, a reduction in the speed would improve the road safety. There are different measures known as "traffic calming measures" whose objectives are to reduce both the number and severity of accidents that occur on urban areas, by reducing the traffic flow through the streets, as well as the speed of the vehicles. However, the efficiency in speed reduction of each measure is not entirely known. That's the reason why they are implanted, in many cases, with no technical basis. The aim of this article is to show the effectiveness in reducing speed of some of the traffic calming measures. To this effect, field measurements were done on street sections with different types of traffic calming measures, in different places of a city of Burgos, in the north of Spain. These measurements were compared with other ones sited on other streets sections of similar characteristics but without traffic calming measures. Finally the conclusions are shown and some recommendations for improving their effectiveness are given.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4217

scholarly journals The safe road transport system approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-74
Author(s):  
Hans-Joachim Vollpracht
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
System Approach ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Calming ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
And Function

Abstract More than 1,24 million people die each year on the worlds roads and between 20 to 50 million suffer from nonfatal injuries. The UN Road Safety Collaboration Meetings under the leadership of WHO developed the Programme for the Decade of Actions for road safety taking nations into the responsibility of improving their accident figures by the five pillars of a national Road Safety Policy, safer Roads, safer Vehicles, safer Road Users and Post Crash Care. It is this Safe System Approach that takes into consideration the land use, infrastructure and transport planning, road user’s abilities and limitations and the close cooperation of all governmental and none governmental stakeholders involved. Following the European Transport Safety Council's (ETSC) 8th Road Safety Performance Index Report on Ranking EU Progress on Road Safety; June 2014 Romania has made progress during the last 10 year but had still the highest fatality rate of 93 fatalities per 1 million inhabitants in Europe. [1] The contribution will present the main activities of the fife pillars with a focus on PIARC's Road Infrastructure Management tools to improve safety and function of the road infrastructure based on the experiences with the land use problems in Asian, African and European countries. A GPS based accident data system will help researchers and practitioners to improve their countries road safety. The report will show the important steps for safer roads which had been developed in Romania and how actions of short and long term measures on all five pillars have reduced the number of traffic victims remarkable in Eastern Germany after reunification and in addition how the hierarchy of motorways, 2+1 express roads, the rural roads and traffic calming in built up areas, have improved the economic development of cities and villages in a safe way.

Legal regulation of the police units’ activities of European countries in the road safety field

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-319
Author(s):  
Andrii Chervinchuk ◽  
Yevheniia Pylypenko ◽  
Serhii Pekarskyi ◽  
Tetiana Rekunenko ◽  
Yurii Koller
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Eu Policy ◽  
The Road

Administrative and legal tools and instruments in the activities of the police in the field of road safety are little-studied issues in the scientific literature, and law enforcement and international legal, organizational practice do not always comply with the law. Blurred legal regulation of road safety is one of the problems of reducing accidents, accidents and deaths. The purpose of this article is to identify the effectiveness of legal regulation of police units in European countries in the field of road safety. The research methodology is based on the “anthropological approach in which the overall research context is emphasized in the text”. Secondary interview data and content analysis of publications for 2008-2021 were used to conduct a qualitative research to study EU policy and norms. The results demonstrate progress in road safety through a comprehensive system approach of policy implementation under the Road Safety Program 2011-2020. Improving compliance with the rules is one of the main components of EU policy implemented by various countries at the national level through national road safety programs. As a result of increased controls, most EU countries have managed to reduce accidents and deaths, but in middle-income countries there are still problems with police operations. These problems concern the inadequate outdated legal framework, which is not effective in the conditions of dynamic change of road infrastructure, integration of intelligent systems on roads for the strengthened control and accident prevention. EU policy and national legislation often remain rather vague, particularly in the context of motorcyclist and pedestrian safety, especially in urban areas. The lack of accuracy and detail in the legislation of safety measures exacerbates the problem of accidents. Police activities often do not provide a sufficient level of control when, under environmental pressures, the police are unable to provide quality traffic and data management

scholarly journals Identification of the Determinants of the Effectiveness of On-Road Chicanes in the Village Transition Zones Subject to a 50 km/h Speed Limit

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 4002
Author(s):  
Alicja Barbara Sołowczuk ◽  
Dominik Kacprzak
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Speed Reduction ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Transition Zones ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Calming ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
The Village

In recent years, in which a considerable increase in the road traffic volumes has been witnessed, traffic calming has become one the key issues in the area of road engineering. This concerns, in particular, trunk roads passing through small villages with a population of up to 500 and the road section length within the village limits of ca. 1400–1700 m. A successful traffic calming scheme must involve primarily effective reduction in inbound traffic speed. A review of the data from various countries revealed that chicanes installed in the transition zones may have a determining effect on the success of the traffic calming project. The effectiveness of such chicanes depends mainly on the type of chicane, its location on the carriageway, its shape and the size of the lateral deflection imposed by the chicane on the inbound lane. The purpose of this study was to identify the speed reduction determinants in traffic calming schemes in village transition zones, based on a central island horizontally deflecting one lane of a two-lane two-way road with 50 km/h speed restriction. As part of the study, vehicle speeds were measured just before and after the chicanes under analysis. Furthermore, the inbound lane traffic volumes were measured in field and a number of factors were identified, including the applied traffic management scheme, road parameters, view of the road ahead and of the village skyline, isolated buildings, road infrastructure and adjacent roadside developments. The obtained data were analysed with a method employing tautologies of the selected 32 factors affecting the drivers’ perception. A single aggregate parameter was proposed for assessing the coincidence of the influence of selected factors on speed reduction. The analysis of the existing schemes and the results of statistical analyses carried out in this study confirmed the authors’ hypothesis that the combined selected factors produce a desirable effect and that they should be additionally enhanced by the application of solar powered devices.

scholarly journals Analysis characteristic of hazardous locations in urban environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Željko Šarić ◽  
Goran Zovak ◽  
Danijel Brkić ◽  
Tomislav Kučinić
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
Expert Team ◽  
The Republic ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Direct Inspection

International experience, as well as previous research in the Republic of Croatia, shows that successful identification and remediation of hazardous locations results in a significant reduction in the number of traffic accidents, especially those with the most severe consequences. One of the most important steps in the process of identifying and remediation hazardous locations is the direct inspection of the location on the ground by an expert team, which in the most relevant way identifies deficiencies on the road and related equipment. Total of 117 locations have been inspected in the Republic of Croatia in the past year, which represented potentially hazardous locations on state roads, of which 61 is in located in urban areas. Based on the reviews of potentially hazardous locations in urban areas, significant data were collected on the condition of the road and related equipment, the results of which were analysed in detail and presented in this paper. Based on these results, remediation measures have also been proposed, which enable increased road safety and reduced traffic accidents.

Challenges in Design & Construction of Elevated Grade Separators with Wide Deck & Single Central Pier, in urban areas.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alok Bhowmick ◽  
Sanjay Jain
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Rural Roads ◽  
The Road ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
Elevated Road ◽  
Structural Engineers ◽  
Design Construction ◽  
Design And Construction

<p>India’s transport sector is large and diverse; it caters to the needs of 1.25 billion people. Roads are the dominant mode of transportation in India today. They carry almost 90 percent of the country’s passenger traffic and 65 percent of its freight. Cognizant of the need to create an adequate road network to cater to the increased traffic and movement of goods, Government of India has recently allotted Rs 640 billion (US$ 9.55 billion) to National Highway Authority of India (NHAI) for roads and highways and Rs 270 billion (US$ 4.03 billion) for rural roads under PMGSY scheme (as on 20th April 2017). One of the impediment in the fast progress of road infrastructure is acquisition of land &amp; related regulatory hurdles. Completion of as many as 112 projects of NHAI is delayed on account of such factors. There is a restriction of the available width and to spread the road horizontally. Therefore, present trend in urban areas is to go for elevated grade separators, wherein both surface level as well as elevated road can be fully utilised for traffic movement. By avoiding costly land acquisition, it results in reduction in cost of the project and certainly segregate local and fast moving traffic, thereby further increasing speed of movement. Design and Construction of such elevated corridors however poses many challenges to structural engineers. Restricted work space during construction adds to the challenge and brings out many innovative solutions to the problems. This paper discusses case studies of number of such projects for which the authors are presently associated in design and construction planning. These projects are in various stages of construction.</p>

scholarly journals Increasing the Durability of Asphalt Pavement - the Road to Road Safety

2021 ◽  
Vol 334 ◽  
pp. 01027
Author(s):  
Valentina Yadykina ◽  
Rashid Sharapov ◽  
Christina Pashkova ◽  
Anatoly Gridchin ◽  
Anna Trautvain
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Softening Temperature ◽  
The Road ◽  
Fatigue Durability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Based on literature data, the paper analyzed the impact of transport operational indicators related to the quality of road surface coverage on road safety. It presented the results of experimental studies on the effect of the road adhesion cationic thermostable additive on the properties of bitumen and asphalt concrete. The authors identified that the introduction of this additive leads to an increase in the viscosity and softening temperature of bitumen, its adhesion to mineral materials, which has a positive effect on strength, water resistance, shear stability, crack resistance, fatigue durability of asphalt concrete. The conclusion was made about the regularity of improving road safety, related to the improvement of the quality of the pavement, arranged from asphalt concrete with the application of the tested additive.

scholarly journals GENERAL FEATURES OF ROAD CRASHES IN CLUJ COUNTY, ROMANIA. SPATIALITY AND CAUSALITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-123
Author(s):  
Vasile ZOTIC ◽  
Diana-Elena ALEXANDRU ◽  
István-Oliver EGRESI
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Road Crashes ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Crash ◽  
Road Type ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Road crashes have become a serious issue, and their negative impact, both socially and economically, has been subject to policies and programmes worldwide as well as a research topic for numerous studies in various fields. The present study aims to identify and demonstrate the persistence of certain features related to the occurrence and location of road crashes in Cluj County, Romania, which is a territory recording a constant high road crash incidence in the last decade. We used descriptive statistics to illustrate the key features of road crashes occurring in urban and rural areas, by road type, within the administrative territory of Cluj County, Romania. The analysis was focused on four main aspects: causes, effects in terms of persons injured and deaths, occurrence by road type, and location within and outside urban areas. The years 2019, 2009, and 2018 were considered as reference moments for the values recorded for all indicators in the analysis. Results showed a general trend of decrease in road crash incidence in 2019 compared to 2009, which was also confirmed by the absolute and relative increase in the period 2018-2019. The most significant decrease was found in the number of deaths, especially in the case of road cras h e soccurring on national roads and urban streets, where the incidence is still quite high. However, when ranked considering the number of crashes caused, we noted the persistence of certain categories of triggering factors for the high incidence of road crashes related to both drivers and pedestrians. Road safety is very much related to the behaviour of all participants in traffic and not so much to the road infrastructure and quality, although road capacity may be a triggering factor for drivers’ behaviour. Further measures are needed to enhance road safety and meet the European target of halving the road crash number and fatalities until 2020 and in the next decade.

Design and Evaluation of K-Pass: A Bicycle-Friendly Modification of Speed Bumps

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (36) ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
Vinod Vasudevan ◽  
Aniruddha Rajurkar ◽  
Rahul Soni ◽  
Akhil Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Calming ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Two Wheeler ◽  
Motorized Vehicles ◽  
Speed Humps

Traffic safety is a major concern across the world. Since speed is a major cause of traffic crashes, various traffic calming measures are used to enhance the safety of the road users in urban areas. Speed humps and bumps are the most widely used traffic calming devices. As a considerable number of bicyclists use the road along with motorized users, it is important to consider them while deploying any traffic calming devices. Studies have shown that bicyclists experience significantly larger discomfort as compared to motorized vehicles while passing over speed humps. In this study, a modification has been proposed to enhance riding comfort of bicyclists without compromising the traffic calming attribute of a speed bump. This modification is named “K-pass.” Analysis of data collected before and after the modification justifies the effectiveness in reducing the discomfort of bicyclists. Over a period of eight months, 70% of the bicyclists chose to use K-pass. Data also revealed that a high proportion of motorized two-wheeler users also used the K-pass at reduced speeds. It is expected that the K-pass will be a useful modification to the existing speed humps and speed bumps in areas where bicycle usage is expected.

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