scholarly journals Identifying Problems in Watering Ponds with Different Purposes

Environments ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Manuel Pulido ◽  
Alberto Alfonso-Torreño ◽  
Jesús Barrena-González ◽  
Rafael Robina-Ramírez ◽  
Mohamed Amine Abdennour
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farming ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Azolla Filiculoides

The main goal of this study was to identify the problems that are putting the viability of watering ponds at risk. For doing that, we have analyzed five different study cases: (I) livestock consumption, Mediterranean climate (rangelands of SW Spain), (II) multifunctional ponds (Arroyo de la Luz, Spain), (III) ecotourism (Valdepajares de Tajo, Spain), (IV) crop irrigation and fish farming, semi-arid climate (the wilaya of Ouargla, Algeria), and (V) livestock consumption, humid subtropical climate (Prudentópolis, Brazil). The identification of problems was made through surveys, personal interviews, local knowledge and literature review as well as through the analysis of water quality parameters such as the concentration of phosphates and fecal coliforms in some ponds. We have identified problems of water shortage (ca. 50% of rangeland farmers), pollution induced by agriculture (maximum values of phosphates = 1.33 mg L−1) and livestock farming (maximum value of fecal coliforms ≈ 7000 cfu mL−1), low potability for human consumption (score: 2.8/7.0), invasive species such as Azolla filiculoides (10 out of 17 watering ponds), high water temperature for aquaculture in summer (Algeria) and the increase of turbidity in nearby water courses due to the actions of free-fattening pigs (Brazil), among many other problems. We conclude an extra effort by stakeholders is still needed in order to agree mitigation strategies.

scholarly journals IOT Based Smart Monitoring System for Fish Farming

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S) ◽  
pp. 420-424 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
High Water ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Fish Pond ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Fish Tank

The purpose of the current method is to create a safe and secure that helps the fish pond owners and aquatic planters in producing high quality fish by maintaining normal water levels in the fish tank. The flow of the low or high water in the fish pond will solve the long-term problem of killing fish in a fish tank. Each water quality can affect the health of animals alone. The flow of water on fish ponds discusses how every day should be monitored. This should ensure quality by handling the PH, membrane, temperature, ammonia etc. It is a symbol of good quality water quality standards and poor water quality pools and how it should be upgraded. It is recommended that a prerequisite to increase production by ensuring sustainable fresh quality, and consequently, priority should be given priority. Therefore, water quality parameters maintain balanced positions, culture is the basis for the health and development of living organisms. It is recommended to monitor and evaluate water quality parameters on a regular basis

Public health implications of waste water reuse for fish production

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. El-S. Easa ◽  
M. M. Shereif ◽  
A. I. Shaaban ◽  
K. H. Mancy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Treated Effluent

Public health and safety concerns have traditionally been the main reasons for resisting waste water reuse for fish farming. Potential adverse health effects in such applications could be avoided if the waste is sufficiently treated before reuse. In a full scale demonstration study in Suez, Egypt, about 400 m3/d of raw sewage were treated using a multi-compartment stabilization pond system, for a total residence time from 21-26 days. The treated effluent conformed to WHO guidelines and was used for rearing two types of local fish (tilapia and gray mullet). The produced fish were subjected to an extensive monitoring program. Bacteriological examination revealed that in all samples the fish muscles were free of bacterial contaminants. Nevertheless, low levels of Escherichia coli andAeromonas hydrophila, were isolated from the surface of the fish. Salmonellae, shigellae and staphylococcus aureus were absent from the surface of all the fish sampled. In addition, toxic metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd) were found to be at much lower levels than the international advisory limits for human consumption. It is concluded that fish reared in the treated effluent at Suez Experimental Station is (a) suitable for marketing for human consumption, and (b) it's quality is equal or better than fresh water fish in Egypt.

Quality Evaluation of Canola Oils and Deodorizer Distillate during Industrial Processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 983-983
Author(s):  
Hadia Shoaib Hadia Shoaib ◽  
Sarfaraz Ahmed Mahesar Sarfaraz Ahmed Mahesar ◽  
Saeeduddin Saeeduddin ◽  
Parisa Jafarian Parisa Jafarian ◽  
Razieh Niazmand Razieh Niazmand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canola Oil ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Deodorizer Distillate ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Totox Value ◽  
Canola Oils

Aim of present study was to evaluate quality of three collected sets of canola oil containing crude oil, neutralized oil, bleached oil, deodorized oil and canola oil deodorizer distillate (DD) form three different edible oil processing industries. Physiochemical properties such as moisture, color, free fatty acid (FFA), acid value (AV), peroxide value (PV), p-Anisidine value (AV), total oxidative (totox) value, saponification value (SV), iodine value (IV), unsaponifiable matter and soap content were evaluated. The results of the present study indicated that each stage of processing has different impact on the determined quality parameters. Overall processing was well controlled and final product i.e. refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) canola oil was found to be fit for human consumption. Only soap contents should be further controlled during neutralization process to avoid extra processing time and losses in the bleaching process. High FFA contents in DD samples indicated that it could be used as a potential and cheap source for biodiesel production.

scholarly journals Water resources planning in bioethanol production from sugarcane

Memorias ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Danny Ibarra Vega Danny Ibarra Vega ◽  
Carlos Peña Rincón ◽  
Johnny Valencia Calvo ◽  
Johan Manuel Redondo ◽  
Gerard Olivar Tost
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Water Resources Planning ◽  
Resources Planning

The biofuels industry has grown and has positioned itself in Colombia for national purposes, these come from biomass sources such as agricultural crops. Bioethanol is the most used in Colombia and is obtained from sugarcane. One of the main concerns of the sector and society, is the high water consumption associated with agricultural crops (9,000 m3 / ha-year), there are currently 232,000 hectares of sugarcane for the production of sugar and bioethanol. Given the aforementioned, the need arises to carry out a planning of industrial increase of the sector taking into account as a main base the demand and availability of water resources for different activities in the Cauca river basin and the demand for sugarcane crops. In this document it is presented a mathematical model and the evaluation of different scenarios of the estimation of the trend of water consumption in the bioethanol production process in Colombia and in this way to establish scenarios of high risk of water shortage both for the population, interested parties and cane cultivation.

scholarly journals Prospects and Constraints of Transplanted Maize, Wheat, Sorghum and Pearl Millet: A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-43
Author(s):  
Saikat Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
Nutritional Benefits ◽  
Direct Sowing

Cereal crops such as maize, wheat, sorghum and pearl millet are important for human consumption due to their nutritional benefits. These cereals play pivotal roles to meet world’s food demand. However, maintenance of food security particularly in the circumstance of changing climate, constantly urges for modification of agro-techniques and one such modification is the incorporation of transplanting technique in these cereals as an alternative under a non-practicable situation of direct sowing. Transplanting is a method of transferring seedlings grown in nursery or others to the field. It has been already found to shorten the crop duration and improve germination, plant stand, seed and seedling quality parameters, growth, yield and economic profitability of these cereals. Besides, research findings are also available stating that transplanting helps these cereals to cope up with vagaries of weather and to exhibit greater radiation and water use efficiencies and suppression of weeds. Outcomes of transplanting are however dependent on various factors like methods of nursery raising, the variety used, mode of planting, age of seedlings etc. In spite of these prospects, transplanting technique is not so popular in these cereals due to poor dissemination, discouraging research findings, pest and disease problems, lack of suitable package of practices etc. Therefore, focuses are to be given in conducting more and more research trials to confirm its location and situation wise efficacy and also in developing and disseminating a suitable package of practices of transplanting accordingly.

scholarly journals CALIDAD MICROBIOLÓGICA DE Ulva lactuca Y Ulva clathrata (CHLOROPHYTA) DE LA COSTA DE LA PAZ, B.C.S., MÉXICO

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
R. N. Águila-Ramírez ◽  
C. J. Hernández-Guerrero ◽  
S. Rodríguez-Astudillo ◽  
R. Guerrero-Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Ulva Lactuca ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Ecological Criteria ◽  
Ulva Clathrata

Microbiological quality of Ulva lactuca and Ulva clathrata (Chlorophyta) along the coastline of La Paz, B.C.S., México Total, fecal coliforms and the enterococcus group in Ulva lactuca and U. clathrata were measured in four localities of the coastline of La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico. Levels of fecal coliforms in water were below the standard of the Ecological Criteria of Water Quality (EC-WQ) which indicates a healthy La Paz inlet (below 200 MPN/100ml). Values of fecal coliforms in algae were below the NOM-031-SSA1-1993 levels determined for marine organisms destined for human consumption. These values were high only in few months. No enterococci were detected in the samples.

scholarly journals Potensi budidaya ikan di Waduk Embung Klamalu Kabupaten Sorong Provinsi Papua Barat: Kajian kualitas fisika kimia air

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustina Frasawi ◽  
Robert J Rompas ◽  
Juliaan Ch. Watung
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Papua Barat

The objective of this research was to measure and analyze the water quality parameters including temperature, brightness, pH, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, carbon dioxide and BOD in reservoir Embung Klamalu Sorong regency, and to know the factors that affected the water quality of Embung Klamalu. Measurement of water quality parameters was done in situ for temperature, brightness, pH and in laboratory for dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, carbon dioxide, and BOD. The results showed the temperature at the five observation stations ranged from 26.2 to 29.8 0C, brightness 38 to 46 cm, pH 7.20 to 8.48 mg /L, dissolved oxygen from 7.20 to 8.48 mg / L, alkalinity 100 to 150 mg /L, carbon dioxide from 25.90 to 28.95 mg / L, BOD from 0.20 to 0.38. Refers to the standards of water quality according to the PP. 82, 2001, it could be concluded that water physical-chemical qualities in fish farming locations in the Village Klamalu were still in good condition. Keywords: Water physical-chemical quality, aquaculture, waduk Embung Klamalu

scholarly journals Eficiencia de las reglas de asignación de agua en el regadío: Asignación a través de mercados, de la regla proporcional y de la regla uniforme

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renan-Ulrich Goetz ◽  
Yolanda Martínez ◽  
Jofre Rodrigo
Keyword(s):  
Choice Theory ◽  
Social Choice Theory ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Uniform Rule ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Ebro Valley ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
System Water ◽  
Interesting Alternative

In this paper, the introduction of three different methods for the assignment of water in agriculture is simulated in order to compare its economic efficiency for the case of an irrigated area located in the central Ebro Valley. Apart from the currently applied proportional system, water markets have been simulated along with the uniform rule, developed in social choice theory. The results show that although the water market achieves the best results in all cases, the uniform rule can be an interesting alternative to current management methods if water assignments are at regular levels, while in the case of severe water shortage; markets offer a clearer advantage with regard to any other method. The results also show that higher levels of heterogeneity between firms and high water prices situate the uniform rule in a more favorable situation then the currently applied proportional system.

scholarly journals Avian Scavengers as Bioindicators of Antibiotic Resistance Due to Livestock Farming Intensification

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3620
Author(s):  
Guillermo Blanco ◽  
Luis M. Bautista
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Food Animal ◽  
Wintering Areas ◽  
Milvus Milvus

Industrial food animal production uses huge amounts of antibiotics worldwide. Livestock, their excreta used for manure and meat subproducts not intended for human consumption can all play important roles in the transmission of bacterial resistance to wildlife. Vultures and other scavengers can be directly exposed to active antibiotics ingested while feeding on livestock carcasses. This study evaluates whether bacterial resistance in the red kite (Milvus milvus) differs between two wintering areas selected based on patent differences in farming practices—particularly in the industrial production of food animals (primarily swine and poultry) vs. scarce and declining sheep herding. The results support the hypothesis that intensification in food animal production is associated with increased bacterial multidrug resistance in wildlife. Resistance was positively correlated with time elapsed since the beginning of the commercial application of each antibiotic in human and veterinary medicine, with clear differences depending on farming intensification between areas. Monitoring programs are encouraged to use red kites and other avian scavengers as valuable sentinels of contamination by antibiotics and clinically relevant resistant pathogens from livestock operations of variable intensities. Farms authorized for supplementary feeding of threatened scavengers should avoid supplying carcasses with active antibiotic residues to avoid bacterial resistance in scavenger wildlife.

scholarly journals Biological Approach for Recycling Waste Water in Iraq

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. ASWR.S17611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhsin A.J. Al-Mossawi
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Irrigation Waters ◽  
Contaminated Waters

The middle and southern parts of Iraq are exposed to a series of serious drought-related problems. This is mainly linked to the absence of applied international law for water distribution in the Euphrates and Tigris rivers between Turkey, Syria, and Iraq, in addition to climate change and unawareness of the water resource problems for more than three decades. The Inter-Agency Information and Analysis Unit of the United Nations reported that water in the Tigris and Euphrates will decrease by up to 80% and 50%, respectively, by 2025. Therefore, water recycling would be an essential and inevitable sustainable approach under these circumstances. The biological treatment of sewage, industrial waste water, scientific laboratories effluent, and irrigation waters using compact units is described here to be involved in solving the water shortage in Iraq. The main indicators used to assess the efficiency of these units are chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total solved salts (TSS), and total fecal coliforms (TFC). These units have been approved to treat contaminated waters with 10-fold pollutants in a fifth of the time required as compared to other classical procedures. In conclusion, using these treatment units will be useful in tackling the problem of water shortage in Iraq and could potentially be the best control method to stop the spread of infectious diseases obtained from contaminated waters.

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