scholarly journals Impact of Water Holding Capacity and Moisture Content of Soil Substrates on the Moisture Content of Wood in Terrestrial Microcosms

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Brischke ◽  
Friedrich L. Wegener
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Wood Moisture ◽  
Durability Testing ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Terrestrial Microcosms ◽  
Protective Effectiveness ◽  
Service Life Modelling

Terrestrial microcosms (TMCs) are frequently used for testing the durability of wood and wood-based materials, as well as the protective effectiveness of wood preservatives. In contrary to experiments in soil ecology sciences, the experimental setup is usually rather simple. However, for service life prediction of wood exposed in ground, it is of imminent interest to better understand the different parameters defining the boundary conditions in TMCs. This study focused, therefore, on soil–wood–moisture interactions. Terrestrial microcosms were prepared from the same compost substrate with varying water holding capacities (WHCs) and soil moisture contents (MCsoil). Wood specimens were exposed to 48 TMCs with varying WHCs and MCsoil. The wood moisture content (MCwood) was studied as well as its distribution within the specimens. For this purpose, the compost substrate was mixed with sand and peat and its WHC was determined using two methods in comparison, i.e., the “droplet counting method” and the “cylinder sand bath method” in which the latter turned out advantageous over the other. The MCwood increased generally with rising MCsoil, but WHC was often negatively correlated with MCwood. The distance to water saturation Ssoil from which MCwood increased most intensively was found to be wood-species specific and might, therefore, require further consideration in soil-bed durability-testing and service life modelling of wood in soil contact.

scholarly journals Studies into Fungal Decay of Wood in Ground Contact—Part 2: Development of a Dose–Response Model to Predict Decay Rate

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 698
Author(s):  
Brendan Nicholas Marais ◽  
Philip Bester van Niekerk ◽  
Christian Brischke
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Response Model ◽  
Soil Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Water Holding

In this article a dose–response model was developed to describe the effect of soil temperature, soil moisture content, and soil water-holding capacity, on the decay of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) wood specimens exposed to soil contact. The developed dose–response model represents a step forward in incorporating soil-level variables into the prediction of wood decay over time. This builds upon prior models such as those developed within the TimberLife software package, but also aligns with similar modeling methodology employed for wood exposed above ground. The model was developed from laboratory data generated from terrestrial microcosm trials which used test specimens of standard dimension, incubated in a range of soil conditions and temperatures, for a maximum period of 16 weeks. Wood mass loss was used as a metric for wood decay. The dose aspect of the developed function modelled wood mass loss in two facets; soil temperature against wood mass loss, and soil water-holding capacity and soil moisture content against wood mass loss. In combination, the two functions describe the wood mass loss as a function of a total daily exposure dose, accumulated over the exposure period. The model was deemed conservative, delivering an overprediction of wood decay, or underprediction of wood service-life, when validated on a similar, but independent dataset (R2 = 0.65). Future works will develop similar models for outdoor, field-trial datasets as a basis for service-life prediction of wooden elements used in soil contact.

Examination of moisture content variation within an operational wet deck

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURENCE SCHIMLECK ◽  
KIM LOVE-MYERS ◽  
JOE SANDERS ◽  
HEATH RAYBON ◽  
RICHARD DANIELS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Wood Moisture ◽  
International Paper ◽  
Content Variation ◽  
Moisture Variation

Many forest products companies in the southeastern United States store large volumes of roundwood under wet storage. Log quality depends on maintaining a high and constant wood moisture content; however, limited knowledge exists regarding moisture variation within individual logs, and within wet decks as a whole, making it impossible to recommend appropriate water application strategies. To better understand moisture variation within a wet deck, time domain reflectometry (TDR) was used to monitor the moisture variation of 30 southern pine logs over an 11-week period for a wet deck at the International Paper McBean woodyard. Three 125 mm long TDR probes were inserted into each log (before the deck was built) at 3, 4.5, and 7.5 m from the butt. The position of each log within the stack was also recorded. Mixed-effects analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine moisture variation over the study period. Moisture content varied within the log, while position within the stack was generally not significant. The performance of the TDR probes was consistent throughout the study, indicating that they would be suitable for long term (e.g., 12 months) monitoring.

Kualitas Fisik Daging Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Minyak Buah Merah dalam Pakan Komersial

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahman Ollong ◽  
Rizki Arizona ◽  
Rusli Badaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Cooking Loss ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Fruit Oil ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Range Test

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan minyak buah merah (MBM) pada pakan terhadap kualitas fisik daging ayam broiler. Seratus ekor ayam broiler umur sehari (DOC) ditempatkan pada lima kelompok perlakuan pakan yang berbeda, yaitu: P1 (pakan kontrol/tanpa penambahan minyak), P2 (2% MBM), P3 (4% MBM), P4 (6% MBM) dan P5 (6% Minyak kelapa sawit). Setiap kelompok perlakuan terdiri dari empat ulangan masing-masing dengan lima ekor. Ayam broiler dipelihara selama 35 hari. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan analisis variansi pola searah dan diuji lanjut dengan Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua variable yang diamati menunjukkan adanya pengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap perlakuan yang diberikan. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan minyak buah merah (MBM) dalam pakan mampu memberikan pengaruh terhadap pH Daging, Daya Ikat Air (DIA), susut masak dan keempukan daging ayam broiler.Kata kunci : daging ayam broiler, daya ikat air, keempukan daging, pH daging, susut masakABSTRACT The experiment was conducted to study the effect of red fruit oil (RFO) onphysical quality  of broiler chicken. One hundred day old chicken (DOC) were placed in four groups of different treatments, of from levels of RFO (P1 (diet without addition of RFO), P2 (2% RFO), P3 (4% RFO) and P4 (6% RFO) and P5 (6% Palm oil)). The treatment group consisted of fivereplications with five birds each. Broiler chickens were reared for 35 days. Statistical analysis used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and followed by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the pH value, moisture content, water holding capacity, and cooking loss was significant differences. It could be concluded that the addition of red fruit oil in the diet give effect  of broiler chicken meat.Keywords: broiler meat, cooking loss, moisture content, pH value, water holding capacity

A rapid and non-destructive method for detecting the water-holding capacity of pork using composite film

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Li ◽  
Xiaodan Wang ◽  
Dengyong Liu ◽  
Yanli Dong ◽  
Feng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Composite Film ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Discriminant Model ◽  
Fisher Discriminant ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Pork Samples

Abstract Water-holding capacity (WHC) is an important indicator of pork quality, but the existing detection methods of WHC are either expensive or time-consuming. In this study, a new method of pork WHC detection was developed by a composite film. The preparation method, mechanical properties and service life of the composite film were studied. The result showed that composite film was 0.46 ± 0.06 mm thick and had a service life of 21 days, tensile strength of 7.72 ± 0.11 MPa and the elongation at break of 28.54 ± 0.15%. Thirty groups of pork samples were randomly selected to build the model and another twenty groups were used to verify the model accuracy. Results showed that the accuracy of composite film coupled with Fisher discriminant model to detect the WHC of pork is 90%. This study demonstrates the high value of composite film as a detection tool to classify WHC of pork.

Temporal change in wood quality attributes in standing dead beetle-killed lodgepole pine

2008 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-400
Author(s):  
Steen Magnussen ◽  
Dave Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Wood Moisture ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Standing Dead ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Lodgepole Pines ◽  
Ring Analysis ◽  
One Year

The number and size of checks, wood moisture content, extent of blue-stain, rot and decay was examined by stem analysis in 360 mature standing beetle-killed lodgepole pines. Trees came from three areas (Burns Lake, Quesnel, and Vanderhoof) in Central British Columbia. Each area was represented by 14 to 16 sampling areas (stands) distributed evenly across three soil moisture regimes (dry, mesic, wet). Year of death was estimated from tree ring-analysis, local knowledge and insect and disease survey maps. An approximately equal number of trees had been dead for one or two years, three or four years, or for five or more years. During the first five years since death by beetle attack the number of checks per tree increased from 2.5 to 10.2 and the average depth of checks increased from 4.3 cm to 5.1 cm. Checks were deeper, wider, and longer on the drier sites than on mesic and wet sites. Moisture content of sapwood and heartwood was near the fibre saturation point (ca 30%) one year after death and continued to decrease at a rate of approximately 1.7% per year. Both the incidence and the extent (relative to basal area) of rot and decay increased significantly with time since death. All trees had an extensive blue-stain discoloration. Deterioration of wood quality was fastest during the first two years after a beetle attack. Key words: wood checks, moisture content, blue-stain, wood quality, spiral grain, bark beetle

scholarly journals Moisture-Dependent Strength Properties of Thermally-Modified Fraxinus excelsior Wood in Compression

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Roszyk ◽  
Elżbieta Stachowska ◽  
Jerzy Majka ◽  
Przemysław Mania ◽  
Magdalena Broda
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Thermal Modification ◽  
Fraxinus Excelsior ◽  
Mechanical Parameters ◽  
Saturation Point ◽  
Wood Moisture ◽  
Intrinsic Anisotropy ◽  
European Ash

European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) is one of the species commonly used for wood thermal modification that improves its performance. The presented research aimed to investigate a moisture-dependent strength anisotropy of thermally-modified European ash in compression. Wood samples were modified at 180 °C and 200 °C. Their mechanical parameters were determined in the principal anatomical directions under dry (moisture content of 3%) and wet (moisture content above fibre saturation point) conditions. Effect of heat treatment temperature and moisture content on the ash wood mechanical parameters concerning each anatomical direction were determined. The results show that thermal treatment kept the intrinsic anisotropy of wood mechanical properties. It decreased wood hygroscopicity, which resulted in improved strength and elasticity measured for wet wood when compared to untreated and treated samples. Higher treatment temperature (200 °C) increased wood elasticity in compression in all the anatomical directions despite wood moisture content during the measurements. Multivariate analysis revealed that the modification temperature significantly affected the modulus of elasticity perpendicular to the grain, while in the case of compression strength, the statistically significant effect was observed only parallel to the grain. The results obtained can be useful from an industrial perspective and can serve as part of a database for further modelling purposes.

scholarly journals Thermal conductivity and deformation of Taxodium hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan’ during heat transfer process

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 2645-2655
Author(s):  
Yuehua Zhu ◽  
Yaoli Zhang ◽  
Biao Pan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Transfer Process ◽  
Dimensional Change ◽  
Testing Temperature ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Heat Transfer Process ◽  
Wood Moisture Content ◽  
Wood Moisture

The thermal conductivity and the deformation of wood from the Taxodium hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan’ were studied in the process of heat transfer. The results showed that the average thermal conductivity of this wood was 0.1257 W/(m·K) under the condition of 12% wood moisture content and 30 °C heat transfer temperature. When the testing temperature exceeded 0 °C, the thermal conductivity increased linearly with both temperature and wood moisture content and was affected by the moisture content of the wood. During the heat transfer process, the deformation of features caused repeated swelling and shrinkage in the longitudinal, radial, and tangential directions. The dimensional change was greatly affected by the wood’s moisture content and was less affected by the temperature. These results are of great meaning for the study of the heat transfer process of Taxodium hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan’ wood. Furthermore, it provides a scientific basis for the heat preservation effect, drying treatment, and pyrolysis treatment of Taxodium hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan’ wood for use as a building material.

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