scholarly journals How Well Do Stakeholder-Defined Forest Management Scenarios Balance Economic and Ecological Forest Values?

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannette Eggers ◽  
Minna Räty ◽  
Karin Öhman ◽  
Tord Snäll
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Ecological Indicators ◽  
Forest Landscape ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Continuous Cover Forestry ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Management Regimes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Forest Values

Research Highlights: We show the difference in the long-term effects on economic and ecological forest values between four forest management scenarios of a large representative forest landscape. The scenarios were largely formulated by stakeholders representing the main views on how to manage north-European forests. Background and Objectives: Views on how to balance forest management between wood production and biodiversity differ widely between different stakeholder groups. We aim to show the long-term consequences of stakeholder-defined management scenarios, in terms of ecological and economic forest values. Materials and Methods: We simulated management scenarios for a forest landscape in Sweden, based on the management objectives and strategies of key stakeholders. We specifically investigated the difference in economic forest values coupled to wood supply and ecological indicators coupled to structural biodiversity between the scenarios over a 100-year period. The indicators were net present value, harvest, growing stock and increment, along with deadwood volume, the density of large trees, area of old forests and mature broadleaf-rich forests. Results: We show that the scenarios have widely different outcomes in terms of the studied indicators, and that differences in indicator outcome were largely due to different distributions in management regimes, i.e., the proportion of forest left unmanaged or under even-aged management or continuous cover forest, as well as specific retention practices. Retention and continuous cover forestry mitigate the negative effects that clear-cut forestry has upon biodiversity. Conclusions: We found that an increase in the forest area under the continuous cover forestry regime could be a cost-efficient way to increase structural diversity in managed boreal forests. On the other hand, no single management regime performed best with respect to all indicators, which means that a mixture of several management regimes is needed to balance conflicting objectives. We also show that the trade-off between economic and ecological indicators was not directly proportional, meaning that an increase in structural biodiversity may be obtained at a proportionally low cost with appropriate management planning.

Spatially Referenced Decision Analysis of Long-Term Forest Management Scenarios in Southwestern Finland

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 1850009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Sironen ◽  
Laura Mononen
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Numerical Information ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Alternative Scenarios ◽  
Economic And Social Impacts

Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) of regional level long-term forest management scenarios was conducted by applying spatially explicit information to examine the trade-offs between ecological, economic and social impacts. Interval scale judgements were applied to mapped and numerical information jointly, while assessing the performance of alternative scenarios. The experts relied mostly on the numerical information, with which they might have been more confident and familiar. The weight elicitation was based on SMART using Swings (SMARTS) and SMART Exploiting Ranks (SMARTER). SMARTS resulted in two scenarios being quite equal either due to experts truly considering them equally important or being unconfident to express their weights applying SMARTS. SMARTER was considered more understandable, but lead to total utilities having wider range. However, impact information had a greater effect on the overall utility than the weighting. Future insights include use of dynamic approach, considering the issue more from ecosystem services point of view and tighter integration of participatory MCDA and geographic information systems (GIS).

scholarly journals When nature meets the divine: effect of prohibition regimes on the structure and tree species composition of sacred forests in northern Greece

Web Ecology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-86
Author(s):  
Valentino Marini Govigli ◽  
John R. Healey ◽  
Jennifer L. G. Wong ◽  
Kalliopi Stara ◽  
Rigas Tsiakiris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Management Regimes ◽  
Sacred Forests ◽  
Prohibition Regimes

Abstract. Sacred forests are an integral component of the mountainous cultural landscape of northern Greece, hypothesized to be the result of both ecological processes and site-specific forest management regimes through strict religious prohibition. These practices acted as constraints on natural forest development by suppressing understory growth, while prohibition of woodcutting has preserved large trees. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative effects of physical site environment and management regimes on the structure and composition of woody plant groups in six such forests. Species rank–abundance curves, dissimilarity indices and cluster analyses were used to assess variation within and amongst the woody plant groups of the sites. Species abundance was found to be highly variable amongst the sites, with notable variation between canopy and understory layers indicating dynamic change in floristics and structure. Cluster analysis revealed four main woody plant groups statistically associated with environmental variables (aspect) and forest management (different forest prohibition regimes, and presence or absence of infrastructure). Our results indicate that tree composition is significantly associated with different prohibition regimes linked to the forests' sacred status, as well as the inherent environmental variation amongst sites. Exploring further the role of traditional management systems in shaping sacred forest structure is a relevant research path for designing effective conservation practices tailored to sacred natural sites facing cultural abandonment.

Long-term forest landscape responses to fire exclusion in the Great Xing'an Mountains, China

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Chang ◽  
Hong S. He ◽  
Ian Bishop ◽  
Yuanman Hu ◽  
Rencang Bu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Forest Landscape ◽  
Fire Exclusion

Understanding of long-term forest landscape dynamics under fire exclusion, which have not been studied in north-eastern China, is increasingly needed for designing sound forest management and protection plans. In the present study, we examine whether long-term fire exclusion leads to catastrophic fires and whether the fire regimes altered by fire exclusion have changed the course of natural succession of dominant tree species. We designed two simulation scenarios – fire exclusion and no fire exclusion – and used LANDIS to study the long-term (300 years) fire regime dynamic and the succession of dominant tree species in terms of species abundance, age structure and spatial pattern. Our simulated results show that fire exclusion can lead to catastrophic fires with return intervals ranging from 50 to 120 years, increase the proportion of coniferous forests and decrease the proportion of deciduous forests, simplify tree species composition, and alter forest age structures and landscape patterns. Based on these simulated results, we suggest that prescribed burning or coarse woody debris reduction, uneven age management, and a comprehensive wildlife habitat suitability analysis should be incorporated in forest management plans in this region.

scholarly journals Profitability of continuous cover forestry in Norway spruce-dominated peatland forest and the role of water table

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artti Juutinen ◽  
Vladimir Shanin ◽  
Anssi Ahtikoski ◽  
Janne Rämö ◽  
Raisa Mäkipää ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Continuous Cover Forestry ◽  
The Difference

Continuous cover forestry (CCF) is expected to reduce the negative environmental impacts of peatland forestry in comparison to rotation forestry (RF), but the unknown profitability of CCF on peatlands limits its application in practice. The profitability of CCF was analysed by simulating management scenarios with a process-based ecosystem model, EFIMOD, which was complemented to describe the interplay between tree growth and water table depth, which is typical of peatland forests. A variety of harvest intervals and post-harvest basal areas for a mature Norway spruce-dominated stand was simulated on a nutrient-rich peatland site. Conventional RF was simulated for comparison. CCF provided a higher profit than RF. The best financial performance was obtained with a 15-year harvest interval regardless of interest rate, although the overall profitability of CCF depended on the used interest rate. Ditch network maintenance was needed to maintain the stand growth only when the post-harvest basal area was smaller than 10 m<sup>2</sup> ha<sup>−1</sup>. There were many CCF scenarios in which the difference in the net present value of harvest revenues was within ten percent compared with the best CCF scenario. Hence, there are many relatively well-profitable CCF harvesting alternatives for forest management in boreal spruce-dominated peatland forests.

Balancing different forest values: Evaluation of forest management scenarios in a multi-criteria decision analysis framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 55-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannette Eggers ◽  
Sara Holmgren ◽  
Eva-Maria Nordström ◽  
Tomas Lämås ◽  
Torgny Lind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Analysis ◽  
Forest Values

A Problem of Long - Term Digital Preservation: Difference in Humanities and Natural Sciences

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 183-195
Author(s):  
Elena Macevičiūtė
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Digital Preservation ◽  
Dynamic Activity ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Time Line ◽  
Digital Documents ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Technological Science

The article deals with the requirements and needs for long-term digital preservation in different areas of scholarly work. The concept of long-term digital preservation is introduced by comparing it to digitization and archiving concepts and defined with the emphasis on dynamic activity within a certain time line. The structure of digital preservation is presented with regard to the elements of the activity as understood in Activity Theory. The life-cycle of digitization processes forms the basis of the main processing of preserved data in preservation archival system.The author draws on the differences between humanities and social sciences on one hand and natural and technological science on the other. The empirical data characterizing the needs for digital preservation within different areas of scholarship are presented and show the difference in approaches to long-term digital preservation, as well as differences in selecting the items and implementing the projects of digital preservation. Institutions and organizations can also develop different understanding of preservation requirements for digital documents and other objects.The final part of the paper is devoted to some general problems pertaining to the longterm digital preservation with the emphasis of the responsibility for the whole process of safe-guarding the cultural and scholarly heritage for the re-use of the posterior generations. It is suggested that the longevity of the libraries in comparison with much shorter life-span of private companies strengthens the claim of memory institutions to playing the central role in the long-term digital preservation.

Planning a system of permanent sample plots for integrated long-term studies of community-based forest management

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Meilby ◽  
L Puri ◽  
M Christensen ◽  
S Rayamajhi
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
Long Term Studies

To monitor the development of four community-managed forests, networks of permanent sample plots were established in 2005 at sites in Chitwan, Kaski and Mustang Districts, Nepal. This research note documents the procedures used when preparing for establishment of the plot networks, evaluates the applied stratification of the forest on the basis of data gathered in pilot surveys conducted in the early 2005, and provides a discussion on the implications of the choices made. Key words: Community-managed forests; permanent sample plots; stratification; allocation; estimates Banko Janakari Vol.16(2) 2006 pp.3-11

CSO Modelling Considering Moving Storms and Tipping Bucket Gauge Failures

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hochedlinger ◽  
W. Sprung ◽  
H. Kainz ◽  
K. König
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Rain Intensity ◽  
Hydrodynamic Models ◽  
Data Intensive ◽  
Storm Flow ◽  
Cell Velocity ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Moving Direction ◽  
The Difference

The simulation of combined sewer overflow volumes and loads is important for the assessment of the overflow and overflow load to the receiving water to predict the hydraulic or the pollution impact. Hydrodynamic models are very data-intensive and time-consuming for long-term quality modelling. Hence, for long-term modelling, hydrological models are used to predict the storm flow in a fast way. However, in most cases, a constant rain intensity is used as load for the simulation, but in practice even for small catchments rain occurs in rain cells, which are not constant over the whole catchment area. This paper presents the results of quality modelling considering moving storms depending on the rain cell velocity and its moving direction. Additionally, tipping bucket gauge failures and different corrections are also taken into account. The results evidence the importance of these considerations for precipitation due the effects on overflow load and show the difference up to 28% of corrected and uncorrected data and of moving rain cells instead of constant raining intensities.

scholarly journals Soil erosion by snow gliding – a first quantification attempt in a subalpine area in Switzerland

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 3763-3775 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Meusburger ◽  
G. Leitinger ◽  
L. Mabit ◽  
M. H. Mueller ◽  
A. Walter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Snow Gliding

Abstract. Snow processes might be one important driver of soil erosion in Alpine grasslands and thus the unknown variable when erosion modelling is attempted. The aim of this study is to assess the importance of snow gliding as a soil erosion agent for four different land use/land cover types in a subalpine area in Switzerland. We used three different approaches to estimate soil erosion rates: sediment yield measurements in snow glide depositions, the fallout radionuclide 137Cs and modelling with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). RUSLE permits the evaluation of soil loss by water erosion, the 137Cs method integrates soil loss due to all erosion agents involved, and the measurement of snow glide deposition sediment yield can be directly related to snow-glide-induced erosion. Further, cumulative snow glide distance was measured for the sites in the winter of 2009/2010 and modelled for the surrounding area and long-term average winter precipitation (1959–2010) with the spatial snow glide model (SSGM). Measured snow glide distance confirmed the presence of snow gliding and ranged from 2 to 189 cm, with lower values on the north-facing slopes. We observed a reduction of snow glide distance with increasing surface roughness of the vegetation, which is an important information with respect to conservation planning and expected and ongoing land use changes in the Alps. Snow glide erosion estimated from the snow glide depositions was highly variable with values ranging from 0.03 to 22.9 t ha−1 yr−1 in the winter of 2012/2013. For sites affected by snow glide deposition, a mean erosion rate of 8.4 t ha−1 yr−1 was found. The difference in long-term erosion rates determined with RUSLE and 137Cs confirms the constant influence of snow-glide-induced erosion, since a large difference (lower proportion of water erosion compared to total net erosion) was observed for sites with high snow glide rates and vice versa. Moreover, the difference between RUSLE and 137Cs erosion rates was related to the measured snow glide distance (R2 = 0.64; p < 0.005) and to the snow deposition sediment yields (R2 = 0.39; p = 0.13). The SSGM reproduced the relative difference of the measured snow glide values under different land uses and land cover types. The resulting map highlighted the relevance of snow gliding for large parts of the investigated area. Based on these results, we conclude that snow gliding appears to be a crucial and non-negligible process impacting soil erosion patterns and magnitude in subalpine areas with similar topographic and climatic conditions.

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