scholarly journals Drought Hardening Contributes to the Maintenance of Proportions of Non-Embolized Xylem and Cambium Status during Consecutive Dry Treatment in Container-Grown Seedling of Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria japonica)

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 441
Author(s):  
Shin-Taro Saiki ◽  
Yuho Ando ◽  
Kenichi Yazaki ◽  
Hiroyuki Tobita
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Japanese Cedar ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Drought Hardening

Climate models in Japan predict that the annual mean air temperature and number of consecutive dry days will increase in the future, leading to high seedling mortality rates. Maintaining high survival rates of Cryptomeria japonica seedlings, a commercially important tree species, is therefore, important in terms of appropriate forest management under climate change. Although drought hardening, in which seedlings are acclimated to dry conditions in the nursery prior to planting, contributes to increased survival under drought conditions, little is known about the effective irrigation frequency of drought hardening in C. japonica seedlings. In this study, we therefore, examine the effectiveness of different drought-hardening treatments in C. japonica. We first clarify the effects on physiological and morphological traits by comparing three drought-hardening treatments [control (C): Irrigation once daily; mild (M): irrigation once every three days; and severe (S): irrigation once every five days] for one month. Next, to confirm the effects during consecutive dry treatment, we stopped irrigation for 13 days and once again compared the physiological traits between the three drought-hardening treatments. Drought hardening reduced whole-plant transpiration (Ewhole), resulting in conserved water use, and this tendency was particularly evident under the S treatment. Moreover, during consecutive dry treatment, the Ewhole, proportions of non-embolized xylem, and cambium status of basal stem regions were maintained for the longest duration under the S treatment, followed by the M treatment. Our findings suggest that the efficiency of drought hardening increased with drought severity. Furthermore, one month of drought hardening contributed to both water conservation and the maintenance of cell differentiation under consecutive dry treatment, likely increasing the tolerance and survival of C. japonica seedlings under prolonged drought.

scholarly journals Cognitive decline in patients with prostate cancer: study protocol of a prospective cohort, NEON-PC

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e043844
Author(s):  
Natalia Araujo ◽  
Samantha Morais ◽  
Ana Rute Costa ◽  
Raquel Braga ◽  
Ana Filipa Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Androgen Deprivation Therapy ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Androgen Deprivation ◽  
High Survival ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionProstate cancer is the most prevalent oncological disease among men in industrialised countries. Despite the high survival rates, treatments are often associated with adverse effects, including metabolic and cardiovascular complications, sexual dysfunction and, to a lesser extent, cognitive decline. This study was primarily designed to evaluate the trajectories of cognitive performance in patients with prostate cancer, and to quantify the impact of the disease and its treatments on the occurrence of cognitive decline.MethodsParticipants will be recruited from two main hospitals providing care to approximately half of the patients with prostate cancer in Northern Portugal (Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto and São João Hospital Centre), and will comprise a cohort of recently diagnosed patients with prostate cancer proposed for different treatment plans, including: (1) radical prostatectomy; (2) brachytherapy and/or radiotherapy; (3) radiotherapy in combination with androgen deprivation therapy and (4) androgen deprivation therapy (with or without chemotherapy). Recruitment began in February 2018 and is expected to continue until the first semester of 2021. Follow-up evaluations will be conducted at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 years. Sociodemographic, behavioural and clinical characteristics, anxiety and depression, health literacy, health status, quality of life, and sleep quality will be assessed. Blood pressure and anthropometrics will be measured, and a fasting blood sample will be collected. Participants’ cognitive performance will be evaluated before treatments and throughout follow-up (Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Cube Test as well as Brain on Track for remote monitoring). All participants suspected of cognitive impairment will undergo neuropsychological tests and clinical observation by a neurologist.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the hospitals involved. All participants will provide written informed consent, and study procedures will be developed to ensure data protection and confidentiality. Results will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentation in scientific meetings.

scholarly journals CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiko Nanasato ◽  
Masafumi Mikami ◽  
Norihiro Futamura ◽  
Masaki Endo ◽  
Mitsuru Nishiguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Japanese Cedar ◽  
Targeted Mutagenesis ◽  
Embryogenic Tissue ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Single Mutation ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Guide Rna

AbstractCryptomeria japonica (Japanese cedar or sugi) is one of the most important coniferous tree species in Japan and breeding programs for this species have been launched since 1950s. Genome editing technology can be used to shorten the breeding period. In this study, we performed targeted mutagenesis using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in C. japonica. First, the CRISPR/Cas9 system was tested using green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing transgenic embryogenic tissue lines. Knock-out efficiency of GFP ranged from 3.1 to 41.4% depending on U6 promoters and target sequences. The GFP knock-out region was mottled in many lines, indicating genome editing in individual cells. However, in 101 of 102 mutated individuals (> 99%) from 6 GFP knock-out lines, embryos had a single mutation pattern. Next, we knocked out the endogenous C. japonica magnesium chelatase subunit I (CjChlI) gene using two guide RNA targets. Green, pale green, and albino phenotypes were obtained in the gene-edited cell lines. Sequence analysis revealed random deletions, insertions, and replacements in the target region. Thus, targeted mutagenesis using the CRISPR/Cas9 system can be used to modify the C. japonica genome.

scholarly journals Bone marrow niche crosses paths with BMPs: a road to protection and persistence in CML

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1307-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Busch ◽  
Helen Wheadon
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Bone Marrow Niche ◽  
Matrix Deposition ◽  
Bmp Receptors ◽  
Number Of Patients

Abstract Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a paradigm of precision medicine, being one of the first cancers to be treated with targeted therapy. This has revolutionised CML therapy and patient outcome, with high survival rates. However, this now means an ever-increasing number of patients are living with the disease on life-long tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, with most patients anticipated to have near normal life expectancy. Unfortunately, in a significant number of patients, TKIs are not curative. This low-level disease persistence suggests that despite a molecularly targeted therapeutic approach, there are BCR-ABL1-independent mechanisms exploited to sustain the survival of a small cell population of leukaemic stem cells (LSCs). In CML, LSCs display many features akin to haemopoietic stem cells, namely quiescence, self-renewal and the ability to produce mature progeny, this all occurs through intrinsic and extrinsic signals within the specialised microenvironment of the bone marrow (BM) niche. One important avenue of investigation in CML is how the disease highjacks the BM, thereby remodelling this microenvironment to create a niche, which enables LSC persistence and resistance to TKI treatment. In this review, we explore how changes in growth factor levels, in particular, the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, impact on cell behaviour, extracellular matrix deposition and bone remodelling in CML. We also discuss the challenges in targeting LSCs and the potential of dual targeting using combination therapies against BMP receptors and BCR-ABL1.

scholarly journals Survival Rate of 1008 Short Dental Implants with 21 Months of Average Follow-Up: A Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3943
Author(s):  
João Caramês ◽  
Ana Catarina Pinto ◽  
Gonçalo Caramês ◽  
Helena Francisco ◽  
Joana Fialho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Implant Survival ◽  
Posterior Maxilla ◽  
Clinical Records

This retrospective study evaluated the survival rate of short, sandblasted acid-etched surfaced implants with 6 and 8 mm lengths with at least 120 days of follow-up. Data concerning patient, implant and surgery characteristics were retrieved from clinical records. Sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA)-surfaced tissue-level 6 mm (TL6) or 8 mm (TL8) implants or bone-level tapered 8 mm (BLT8) implants were used. Absolute and relative frequency distributions were calculated for qualitative variables and mean values and standard deviations for quantitative variables. A Cox regression model was performed to verify whether type, length and/or width influence the implant survival. The cumulative implant survival rate was assessed by time-to-event analyses (Kaplan–Meier estimator). In all, 513 patients with a mean age of 58.00 ± 12.44 years received 1008 dental implants with a mean follow-up of 21.57 ± 10.77 months. Most implants (78.17%) presented a 4.1 mm diameter, and the most frequent indication was a partially edentulous arch (44.15%). The most frequent locations were the posterior mandible (53.97%) and the posterior maxilla (31.55%). No significant differences were found in survival rates between groups of type, length and width of implant with the cumulative rate being 97.7% ± 0.5%. Within the limitations of this study, the evaluated short implants are a predictable option with high survival rates during the follow-up without statistical differences between the appraised types, lengths and widths.

High levels of liver antioxidants are associated with life-history strategies characteristic of slow growth and high survival rates in birds

2012 ◽  
Vol 182 (7) ◽  
pp. 947-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismael Galván ◽  
Johannes Erritzøe ◽  
Filiz Karadaş ◽  
Anders P. Møller
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
High Survival

scholarly journals Developing Objective Operational Definitions for Monitoring Drought

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1217-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Quiring
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Spatially Variant ◽  
Objective Methodology

Abstract Drought is a complex phenomenon that is difficult to accurately describe because its definition is both spatially variant and context dependent. Decision makers in local, state, and federal agencies commonly use operational drought definitions that are based on specific drought index thresholds to trigger water conservation measures and determine levels of drought assistance. Unfortunately, many state drought plans utilize operational drought definitions that are derived subjectively and therefore may not be appropriate for triggering drought responses. This paper presents an objective methodology for establishing operational drought definitions. The advantages of this methodology are demonstrated by calculating meteorological drought thresholds for the Palmer drought severity index, the standardized precipitation index, and percent of normal precipitation using both station and climate division data from Texas. Results indicate that using subjectively derived operational drought definitions may lead to over- or underestimating true drought severity. Therefore, it is more appropriate to use an objective location-specific method for defining operational drought thresholds.

Reintroduction of the highly endangered mollusk Patella ferruginea Gmelin, 1791 in an MPA: A novel approach to achieve high survival rates

2018 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 259-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anis Zarrouk ◽  
Mohamed Salah Romdhane ◽  
Free Espinosa
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Patella Ferruginea

scholarly journals Investigation of the potential of drone observations for detection of forest disturbance caused by heavy snow damage in a Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) forest

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin NAGAI ◽  
Taku M. SAITOH ◽  
Koji KAJIWARA ◽  
Shinpei YOSHITAKE ◽  
Yoshiaki HONDA
Keyword(s):  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Forest Disturbance ◽  
Japanese Cedar ◽  
Snow Damage ◽  
Heavy Snow

Farmer’s Drought Response and Coping Strategies at Household Level in Southern Tigray, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eskinder Gidey ◽  
Tirhas Gebregergis ◽  
Woldegebrial Zeweld ◽  
Haftamu Gebretsadik ◽  
Ogaile Dikinya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Household Heads

Abstract Background Drought is one of the most damaging climate-induced threats impacting the lives of many people every year. The purpose of this study was to determine farmer’s drought coping strategies both proactive and reactive responses at household level based on the field survey in Raya Azebo and Raya Chercher districts, southern Tigray, Ethiopia. Agro–climatological based 246 households were sampled from the lowlands (36), midlands (202) and highlands (8). Multinomial logit model was used to identify best drought coping strategies. Results about 24.8% of female headed and 75.2% of male headed respondents have experienced mild to extremely severe drought in the last three decades. A significant association between the various drought severity and household heads (chi–square = 9.861, df = 3, p–value < 0.05) observed. Conclusions this study concluded that collection and saving of pasture, soil and water conservation practices, and use of weather prediction information to adjust saving and farming system are best proactive drought coping strategies. Whereas, feeding of roasted cactus for livestock, borrowing loans for running small business, selling of household assets and reduction of food consumptions are the major reactive or off–farm drought coping strategies in the study area. If the responses of smallholder farmers are not well supported by the concerned bodies, the existing disaster preparedness and early warning systems in the area might be significantly affected and its impacts will be very serious on both the livelihood of local people and natural resources in the area.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document