scholarly journals Rural Landscape Planning and Forest Management in Tuscany (Italy)

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Agnoletti ◽  
Antonio Santoro
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Fundamental Value ◽  
Main Instrument ◽  
Intense Debate

The article analyzes the relationships between landscape planning and forests in Italy with a specific focus on Tuscany. For the Tuscan region landscape represents a fundamental value from the cultural, economic, environmental and social point of view. This is why it was the first region of Italy to develop a landscape plan in 2014, according to the National Code for Cultural Heritage, setting up a Landscape Observatory to monitor the application of the plan in 2016. The plan is the main instrument providing a vision for the development model of the region and guidelines for the planning of rural areas also affecting forest management. The construction of the plan has caused an intense debate, due to the strict limitations imposed to soil consumption, to agricultural and forest activities. Forests cover more than the half of the regional surface, but 30% of them is the result of the abandonment of farmed land occurred in the last decades, while 50% of the forests are currently managed. The article examines how the values connected to the forests have been identified an assessed in the plan, the strict limitations for their protection but also the decision to allow the restoration of farmed land to maintain a balance between farmed and forest land in the landscape. Landscape and forest is the topic of the chapter about Italy in the FAO SOFO 2018.

scholarly journals Landmarks as Cultural Heritage Assets Affecting the Distribution of Settlements in Rural Areas—An Analysis Based on LIDAR DTM, Digital Photographs, and Historical Maps

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Prus ◽  
Magdalena Wilkosz-Mamcarczyk ◽  
Tomasz Salata
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Historical Maps ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Digital Photographs ◽  
Modern Development

The final decision of the owner of the plot who plans to build a house depends on many factors most of which are of legal and financial nature. The authors demonstrate that the decisions regarding specific location within the plot of land are influenced by intangible components as well, namely the intention to have the best view. The view is often related to the occurrence of landmarks with prominent visual impact in the landscape that determine visual connections. The rural landscape is determined by the spatial arrangement including the buildings, the shape of public spaces, ownership divisions, and the land distribution. Being an element of rural cultural heritage, the arrangement of buildings is influenced by a vast number of factors such as geographical, historical, physical, and socio-economic ones. This article focuses on determining the interaction between the settlement locations and zones with an excellent, unique view of characteristic, well-known architectural landmarks. Mapping of viewsheds of many features is a critical element of the landscape planning process and facilitates the protection of cultural heritage assets. The analysis involved LiDAR DTM (Digital Terrain Model created in Light Detection and Ranging technology), digital photographs, and historical maps. In terms of the administrative subdivision, the area comprises 20 localities. The landmark visibility analysis for locations of the buildings covered a 140 km2 area of Carpathian Foothills in southern Poland. The article combines experiences in the field of landscape architecture, spatial planning and the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. The examples show that the modern development layout refers to the historical structure and the development of a new settlement tissue has a cultural background and is influenced by spatial landmarks.

Historical point of view and modern features of the forest management system, forest economy and sustainable forest use

2021 ◽  
pp. 485-491
Author(s):  
M.P. Burov
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Management System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Forest Economics ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Forest Use ◽  
Sustainable Forest Use

The author analyzes the process of transformation of the role and significance of forests and forestry complex of the country over the past century in the historical point of view. The article reveals the modern features of the forest management system, forest economy and the organization of sustainable forest use, as well as the reasons for their appearance. The author also gives the recommendations and proposals for solving a number of problems related to rational forest management, fire prevention, and combating mismanagement in the framework of the Strategy for Sustainable Development of Rural Areas of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030. Particular attention is paid to creation a correct economic model taking into account the peculiarities of the forest industry such as long-term period of growing forests, their multi-purpose value, as well as the requirements for organizing and planning a system of measures for the use and reproduction of forests. English version of the article is available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/historical-aspect-and-modern-features-of-forest-management-forest-economics-and-sustainable-forest-use-organization-system/64293.html

scholarly journals Thinking and Practice of Rural Tourism Design in the Context of Experience Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
He Dongping
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Regional Culture ◽  
Experience Economy ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
The People

Absrtact: with the continuous development of our national economy, the living standard of the people has been improved significantly, the needs of the people are not limited to material needs, but pay more attention to spiritual enjoyment.As a result, tourism has been greatly developed, and more and more families will make annual family tourism plans, especially those living in cities. They are more willing to go to some rural tourism life, such as farmhouses and farm homes. Gradually appeared in recent years, and particularly popular.From this point of view, this paper expounds the importance of regional culture in rural landscape planning and design, analyzes the problems existing in rural tourism landscape design, and puts forward the application strategy of regional culture in rural landscape design. Hope to provide reference and help for relevant personnel, jointly promote the construction of rural tourism, play the greatest role of regional culture.

Reflection on the Integration of Rural Landscape in Land- scape Architecture Planning and Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
Hao Yan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Land Scape

In recent years, the perspective of landscape planning and design has gradually changed from urban to rural areas, and rural landscape construction has gradually become a new idea of landscape design. In the landscape planning can be integrated into the rural landscape, so as to realize the diversity of landscape planning, but also can retain the culture, customs and characteristics of the countryside. The paper mainly discusses the integration of rural landscape in landscape landscape planning and design.

Integrated waste water management for a small river basin - a case study

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
R. Fenz ◽  
M. Zessner ◽  
N. Kreuzinger ◽  
H. Kroiss
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Management ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
The North ◽  
Waste Water Management

In Austria approximately 70% of the population is connected to sewerage and to biological waste water treatment plants. Whereas the urban areas are already provided with these facilities to a very high extent, effort is still needed in rural areas to meet the requirements of the Austrian legislation. The way, this task should be solved has provoked much controversy. It is mainly the question, whether centralised or decentralised sewage disposal systems are preferable from the ecological and economical point of view, that became a political issue during the last 5 years. The Institute for Water Quality and Waste Management was asked to elaborate a waste water management concept for the Lainsitz River Basin, a mainly rural area in the north of Austria discharging to the Elbe river. Both ecological and economical aspects should be considered. This paper presents the methodology that was applied and the criteria which were decisive for the selection of the final solution.

scholarly journals Location of Biorefineries Based on Olive-Derived Biomass in Andalusia, Spain

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3052
Author(s):  
Diego Cardoza ◽  
Inmaculada Romero ◽  
Teresa Martínez ◽  
Encarnación Ruiz ◽  
Francisco J. Gallego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Olive Pomace ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Lignocellulosic Feedstock ◽  
Olive Stones

A biorefinery integrated process based on lignocellulosic feedstock is especially interesting in rural areas with a high density of agricultural and agro-industrial wastes, which is the case for olive crop areas and their associated industries. In the region of Andalusia, in the south of Spain, the provinces of Jaén, Córdoba and Seville accumulate more than 70% of the olive wastes generated in Spain. Therefore, the valorisation of these wastes is a matter of interest from both an environmental and a social point of view. The olive biorefinery involves a multi-product process from different raw materials: olive leaves, exhausted olive pomace, olive stones and olive tree pruning residues. Biorefinery processes associated with these wastes would allow their valorisation to produce bioenergy and high value-added renewable products. In this work, using geographic information system tools, the biomass from olive crop fields, mills and olive pomace-extracting industries, where these wastes are generated, was determined and quantified in the study area. In addition, the vulnerability of the territory was evaluated through an environmental and territorial analysis that allowed for the determination of the reception capacity of the study area. Then, information layers corresponding to the availability of the four biomass wastes, and layers corresponding to the environmental fragility of the study area were overlapped and they resulted in an overall map. This made it possible to identify the best areas for the implementation of the biorefineries based on olive-derived biomass. Finally, as an example, three zones were selected for this purpose. These locations corresponded to low fragility areas with a high availability of biomass (more than 300,000 tons/year) in a 30 km radius, which would ensure the biomass supply.

scholarly journals How Digital Inclusion Increase Opportunities for Young People: Case of NEETs from Bulgaria, Romania and Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7894
Author(s):  
Gabriela Neagu ◽  
Muhammet Berigel ◽  
Vladislava Lendzhova
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Digital Inclusion ◽  
Virtual Mobility ◽  
Alternative Research ◽  
High Share

This paper examines the perspectives of rural NEETs in the information society. Our analysis focuses on the situation of three European countries—Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey—characterized by a high share of rural areas and a population of NEETs. From a methodological point of view, we use alternative research methods (secondary data analysis) with statistical methods (simple linear regression). From a theoretical point of view, we will opt for a multidimensional analysis perspective: the theory of digital divide, digital inclusion, virtual mobility, etc. Through data analysis, we expect to obtain a more complete and detailed picture of the ICT situation in rural areas (level of digital skills, level of digital inclusion) to demonstrate the importance of ICT in optimizing virtual mobility for the living conditions of the population, especially the NEET population.

scholarly journals Modelling Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton) Spatial Distribution and Productivity in Portugal: Tools for Forest Management

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
Cristina Alegria ◽  
Natália Roque ◽  
Teresa Albuquerque ◽  
Paulo Fernandez ◽  
Maria Margarida Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Maritime Pine ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Sequential Simulation ◽  
Model Species

Research Highlights: Modelling species’ distribution and productivity is key to support integrated landscape planning, species’ afforestation, and sustainable forest management. Background and Objectives: Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton) forests in Portugal were lately affected by wildfires and measures to overcome this situation are needed. The aims of this study were: (1) to model species’ spatial distribution and productivity using a machine learning (ML) regression approach to produce current species’ distribution and productivity maps; (2) to model the species’ spatial productivity using a stochastic sequential simulation approach to produce the species’ current productivity map; (3) to produce the species’ potential distribution map, by using a ML classification approach to define species’ ecological envelope thresholds; and (4) to identify present and future key factors for the species’ afforestation and management. Materials and Methods: Spatial land cover/land use data, inventory, and environmental data (climate, topography, and soil) were used in a coupled ML regression and stochastic sequential simulation approaches to model species’ current and potential distributions and productivity. Results: Maritime pine spatial distribution modelling by the ML approach provided 69% fitting efficiency, while species productivity modelling achieved only 43%. The species’ potential area covered 60% of the country’s area, where 78% of the species’ forest inventory plots (1995) were found. The change in the Maritime pine stands’ age structure observed in the last decades is causing the species’ recovery by natural regeneration to be at risk. Conclusions: The maps produced allow for best site identification for species afforestation, wood production regulation support, landscape planning considering species’ diversity, and fire hazard mitigation. These maps were obtained by modelling using environmental covariates, such as climate attributes, so their projection in future climate change scenarios can be performed.

Forestry Policy and Legitimacy: The Case of Forest Devolution in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 848-862
Author(s):  
Thi Kim Phung Dang
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Land Allocation ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Forestry Policy ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Intrinsic Values ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Livelihood Improvement ◽  
Research Findings

Although forest devolution has become a key strategy of forestry reforms to mobilise local resources for sustainable forest management, there is growing concern about the legitimacy of this strategy. There have been escalating disputes between forestry agencies and local people as to who receives the rights to forests. Examining the policy of forest land allocation in Vietnam helps us to understand this legitimacy issue. Research findings from three case studies show trade-offs between the two policies’ goals, environmental protection and livelihood improvement, due to locals’ low awareness of the intrinsic values of forests and their lack of knowledge regarding the policy.

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