scholarly journals Increase in Fruity Ester Production during Spine Grape Wine Fermentation by Goal-Directed Amino Acid Supplementation

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Zijian Zhu ◽  
Kai Hu ◽  
Siyu Chen ◽  
Sirui Xiong ◽  
Yongsheng Tao
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Ester Content ◽  
Grape Wine ◽  
Vitis Davidii

The aim of this work was to enhance the levels of fruity esters in spine grape (Vitis davidii Foёx) wine by goal-directed amino acid supplementation during fermentation. HPLC and GC-MS monitored the amino acids and fruity esters, respectively, during alcoholic fermentation of spine grape and Cabernet Sauvignon grape. HPLC was also used to determine the extracellular metabolites and precursors involved in the synthesis of fruity esters. Alanine, phenylalanine, and isoleucine levels in spine grape were less than those in Cabernet Sauvignon. Pearson correlation between amino acid profile and fruity ester content in the two systems indicated that deficiencies in alanine, phenylalanine, and isoleucine levels might have limited fruity ester production in spine grape wine. Supplementation of these three amino acids based on their levels in Cabernet Sauvignon significantly increased fruity ester content in spine grape wine. Interestingly, goal-directed amino acid supplementation might have led to changes in the distribution of carbon fluxes, which contributed to the increase in fruity ester production.

scholarly journals Performance of Broilers Fed Low Protein Diets with Lysine and Methionine Supplements

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Nancy Montilla ◽  
◽  
Lolito Bestil ◽  
Sulpecio Bantugan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Low Protein

A feeding trial with broilers was conducted to evaluate the effects of amino acids (lysine and methionine) supplementation of diets low in protein content on the voluntary intake, feed conversion efficiency, broiler performance, and cost and return of broiler production. Results showed cumulative voluntary feed intake was not significantly affected by lowering the protein content of the diet. Cumulative weight gain of broilers was lower with diet when supplemented iwht lysine and methionine to meet requirements. Birds fed with diets low in protein has less efficient feed converstion, but became comparable with those receiveing diets high in protein when supplemented with amino acids. Feed cost per kilogram broiler produced was not significantly affected by diets used in the study, although the low-protien diet with amino acid supplement had the lowest values. In terms of return above feed and chick cost, broilers fed with high-protein diet had the greatest value, but not significantly different from birds fed with low-protien diet with amino acid supplementation which gave about P10 per bird higher returns than those fed low-protein diet without amino acid supplementation.

Amino-acid-dependent modulation of amino acid transport in Xenopus laevis oocytes.

1996 ◽  
Vol 199 (4) ◽  
pp. 923-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
P M Taylor ◽  
S Kaur ◽  
B Mackenzie ◽  
G J Peter
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Amino Acid Transport ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Xenopus Laevis Oocytes ◽  
Amino Acid Transporters ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Acid Transport ◽  
Acid Supplementation

We have measured rates of uptake of arginine, glutamine, glutamate, serine, phenylalanine and glycine in Xenopus laevis oocytes cultured for periods of up to 24h in saline in the presence or absence of a mixture of 20 amino acids at concentrations approximating those in Xenopus plasma. Amino acid supplementation increased the total intracellular amino acid concentration from 8.2 to 18.4 nmol per oocyte. Specific Na(+)-dependent amino acid transporters (systems B0,+, Xag-) exhibit 'adaptive regulation' (up-regulation during amino acid deprivation and down-regulation during amino acid supplementation). Na(+)-independent transporters of glutamate, glutamine and glycine (including system asc) display an opposite modulation in activity, which may help to combat amino-acid-induced oxidative stress by increasing the supply of glutathione precursors. Single amino acids at physiological plasma concentrations (0.47 mmol l-1 L-alanine, 0.08 mmol l-1 L-glutamate) mimicked at least some effects of the amino acid mixture. The mechanisms of transport modulation do not appear to include trans-amino acid or membrane potential effects and, in the case of Na(+)-independent transport, are independent of protein or mRNA synthesis. Furthermore, activation of protein kinase C by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate did not significantly affect endogenous glutamine and glutamate transport. The Xenopus oocyte appears to possess endogenous signalling mechanisms for selectively modulating the activity of amino acid transport proteins expressed in its surface membranes, a factor for consideration when using oocytes as an expression system for structure-function studies of cloned amino acid transporters.

Loss of Amino Acids during Hemodialysis: Effect of Oral Essential Amino Acid Supplementation

Nephron ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tepper ◽  
G.K. van der Hem ◽  
H.G. Klip ◽  
A.J.M. Donker
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Acid Supplementation

scholarly journals Postprandial nutrient-sensing and metabolic responses after partial dietary fishmeal replacement by soyabean meal in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Xu ◽  
Gen He ◽  
Kangsen Mai ◽  
Huihui Zhou ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Scophthalmus Maximus ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Soyabean Meal

AbstractIn this study, we chose a carnivorous fish, turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.), to examine its nutrient-sensing and metabolic responses after ingestion of diets with fishmeal (FM), or 45 % of FM replaced by soyabean meal (34·6 % dry diet) balanced with or without essential amino acids (EAA) to match the amino acid profile of FM diet for 30 d. After a 1-month feeding trial, fish growth, feed efficiency and nutrient retention were markedly reduced by soyabean meal-incorporated (SMI) diets. Compared with the FM diet, SMI led to a reduction of postprandial influx of free amino acids, hypoactivated target of rapamycin signalling and a hyperactivated amino acid response pathway after refeeding, a status associated with reduced protein synthesis, impaired postprandial glycolysis and lipogenesis. These differential effects were not ameliorated by matching an EAA profile of soyabean meal to that of the FM diet through dietary amino acid supplementation. Therefore, this study demonstrated that the FM diet and SMI diets led to distinct nutrient-sensing responses, which in turn modulated metabolism and determined the utilisation efficiency of diets. Our results provide a new molecular explanation for the role of nutrient sensing in the inferior performance of aquafeeds in which FM is replaced by soyabean meal.

scholarly journals Limiting amino acids supplementation in low crude protein diets and their impacts on growth performance and carcass composition in Labeo rohita (rohu) adult fish

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ayub ◽  
F. Rasool ◽  
N. Khan ◽  
S. N. Qaisrani ◽  
S. Parveen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Amino Acid Level ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids

Abstract Ninety days study was conducted in hapas installed in earthen ponds. Fish of an average initial weight (220g) were evenly distributed in triplicate groups within fifteen hapas. Five experimental diets labeled as T1 (25% CP and NRC recommended amino acid level) as control diet, T2 (with 2% low protein and 5% amino acid supplementation), T3 (with 2% low protein and 10% amino acid supplementation), T4 (with 4% low protein and 10% amino acid supplementation) and T5 (with 4% low protein and 20% amino acid supplementation) were prepared. Fish were fed with @3% of their body weight twice a day at 10.00 & 16:00 hour. Significantly higher percent weight gain (420.18 ± 66.84a) and specific growth rate (13499.33±1273.54a) along with improved feed conversion ratio (1.29 ± 0.09b) and hundred percent survivals were recorded during the trial. Furthermore proximate analysis of meat showed significant improvement in the crude protein level (81.77 ± 0.19a) served with diet containing 20% limiting amino acids mixture. Therefore, limiting amino acids can be a source of cost effective feed and use safely in L. rohita diet.

scholarly journals Effect of essential amino acid supplementation on muscle and plasma free amino acids in chronic uremia

1978 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Alvestrand ◽  
Jonas Bergström ◽  
Peter Fürst ◽  
Guna Germanis ◽  
Ulla Widstam
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Chronic Uremia ◽  
Plasma Free Amino Acids

A Novel Concept of Amino Acid Supplementation to Improve the Growth of Young Malnourished Male Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chie Furuta ◽  
Hitoshi Murakami
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Plasma Amino Acids ◽  
Acid Supplementation

Backgrounds/Aims: This study was aimed at understanding the relationship between plasma amino acids and protein malnutrition and at determining whether amino acid supplementation associated with malnutrition and growth improves linear growth in growing rats. Methods: Body length and plasma amino acids were measured in young male rats that were fed the following diet for 3 weeks, mimicking a low and imbalanced protein diets based on maize, a major staple consumed in developing countries: a 70% calorically restricted cornmeal-based diet (C), C + micronutrients (CM), CM + casein (CMC), CM + soy protein (CMS) or CMS + 0.3% lysine. Results: A correlation analysis of linear growth and plasma amino acids indicated that lysine, tryptophan, branched-chain amino acids, methionine, and phenylalanine significantly correlated with body length. Supplementation with these 5 amino acids (AA1) significantly improved the body length in rats compared to CMC treatment whereas, nitrogen-balanced amino acid supplemented controls (AA2) did not (CM +1.2 ± 0.2, CMC +2.7 ± 0.3, CMS +2.1 ± 0.3, AA1 +2.8 ± 0.2, and AA2 +2.5 ± 0.3 cm). Conclusion: With securing proper amino acid balance, supplementing growth-related amino acids is more effective in improving linear growth in malnourished growing male rats. Analysis of the correlation between plasma amino acids and growth represents a powerful tool to determine candidate amino acids for supplementation to prevent malnutrition. This technology is adaptable to children in developing countries.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document