scholarly journals Critical Factors for Optimum Biodegradation of Bast Fiber’s Gums in Bacterial Retting

Fibers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Mohammad Munir Hossain ◽  
Shafiquzzaman Siddiquee ◽  
Vijay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Bast Fiber ◽  
Cellulosic Fibers ◽  
Bacterial Inoculum ◽  
Remediation Process

Bast fiber plants require a post-harvest process to yield useable natural cellulosic fibers, denoted as retting or degumming. It encompasses the degradation of the cell wall’s non-cellulosic gummy substances (NCGs), facilitating fibers separations, setting the fiber’s quality, and determining downstream usages. Due to the inconvenience of traditional retting practices, bacterial inoculum and enzyme applications for retting gained attention. Therefore, concurrent changes of agroclimatic and socioeconomic conditions, the conventional water retting confront multiple difficulties, bast industries become vulnerable, and bacterial agents mediated augmented bio-retting processes trying to adapt to sustainability. However, this process’s success demands a delicate balance among substrates and retting-related biotic and abiotic factors. These critical factors were coupled to degrade bast fibers NCGs in bacterial retting while holistically disregarded in basic research. In this study, a set of factors were defined that critically regulates the process and requires to be comprehended to achieve optimum retting without failure. This review presents the bacterial strain characteristics, enzyme potentials, specific bast plant cell wall’s structure, compositions, solvents, and interactions relating to the maximum NCGs removal. Among plants, associated factors pectin is the primary biding material that determines the process’s dynamics, while its degree of esterification has a proficient effect through bacterial enzymatic degradation. The accomplished bast plant cell wall’s structure, macerating solvents pH, and temperature greatly influence the bacterial retting process. This article also highlights the remediation process of water retting pollution in a biocompatible manner concerning the bast fiber industry’s endurance.

Enzymatic degradation of cellulosic fibers

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rinaudo ◽  
F. Barnoud ◽  
J. P. Merle
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Cellulosic Fibers

Extractability and digestibility of plant cell wall polysaccharides during hydrothermal and enzymatic degradation of wheat straw (Triticum aestivum L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mads A.T. Hansen ◽  
Louise I. Ahl ◽  
Henriette L. Pedersen ◽  
Bjørge Westereng ◽  
William G.T. Willats ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides

scholarly journals Sekonder Bitki Metabolitlerinin In Vitro Koşullarda Üretimi

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 971
Author(s):  
Tuncay Çalışkan ◽  
Rüştü Hatipoğlu ◽  
Saliha Kırıcı
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite Production ◽  
Organ Cultures ◽  
Metabolite Production

Plant secondary metabolites are a group of organic compounds produced by plants to interact with biotic and abiotic factors and for the establishment of defence mechanism. Secondary metabolites are classified based on their biosynthetic origin and chemical structure. They have been used as pharmaceutical, agrochemical, flavours, fragrances, colours and food additives. Secondary metabolites are traditionally produced from the native grown or field grown plants. However, this conventional approach has some disadvantages such as low yield, instability of secondary metabolite contents of the plants due to geographical, seasonal and environmental variations, need for land and heavy labour to grow plants. Therefore, plant cell and organ cultures have emerged as an alternative to plant growing under field conditions for secondary metabolite production. In this literature review, present state of secondary metabolite production through plant cell and organ cultures, its problems as well as solutions of the problems were discussed.

scholarly journals A modular microfluidic bioreactor to investigate plant cell–cell interactions

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Finkbeiner ◽  
C. Manz ◽  
M. L. Raorane ◽  
C. Metzger ◽  
L. Schmidt-Speicher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Chemical Signalling ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Cell Cell

AbstractPlants produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites, which often are of interest to pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry. Plant-cell cultures allow producing these metabolites in a standardised manner, independently from various biotic and abiotic factors difficult to control during conventional cultivation. However, plant-cell fermentation proves to be very difficult, since these chemically complex compounds often result from the interaction of different biosynthetic pathways operating in different cell types. To simulate such interactions in cultured cells is a challenge. Here, we present a microfluidic bioreactor for plant-cell cultivation to mimic the cell–cell interactions occurring in real plant tissues. In a modular set-up of several microfluidic bioreactors, different cell types can connect through a flow that transports signals or metabolites from module to module. The fabrication of the chip includes hot embossing of a polycarbonate housing and subsequent integration of a porous membrane and in-plane tube fittings in a two-step ultrasonic welding process. The resulting microfluidic chip is biocompatible and transparent. Simulation of mass transfer for the nutrient sucrose predicts a sufficient nutrient supply through the membrane. We demonstrate the potential of this chip for plant cell biology in three proof-of-concept applications. First, we use the chip to show that tobacco BY-2 cells in suspension divide depending on a “quorum-sensing factor” secreted by proliferating cells. Second, we show that a combination of two Catharanthus roseus cell strains with complementary metabolic potency allows obtaining vindoline, a precursor of the anti-tumour compound vincristine. Third, we extend the approach to operationalise secretion of phytotoxins by the fungus Neofusicoccum parvum as a step towards systems to screen for interorganismal chemical signalling.

scholarly journals Thermal Simulation of a Screenhouse Proposed for Fruit and Vegetable Production in the Lowlands of Panama

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1097-1106
Author(s):  
Edwin Villagrán
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Warm Climate ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

In developing countries, open field agricultural production is highly vulnerable to biotic and abiotic factors limiting crop productivity, generating economic losses and affecting food security. Therefore, one of the strategies that can improve these production systems is the implementation of the crops under cover technically adapted to the climatic and socioeconomic conditions of each region. The objective of this research was to analyze the thermal behavior and airflow patterns of an insect-proof screenhouse through computational fluid dynamics simulations using a 3D model. The results obtained for the multiannual monthly climatic conditions of a warm climate region in Panama showed that the airflow velocities inside the structure were lower between 76.8 and 80.2% with respect to the external velocity. The most critical scenarios showed temperature differences below 2℃ inside the screenhouse with respect to the outside. This value can be considered low as compared to the behavior of naturally ventilated greenhouses.

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY, TRIALEURODES VAPORARIORUM (ALEYRODIDAE: HOMOPTERA), ON SHORT-TERM CROPS BY MANIPULATING BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC FACTORS

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1175-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Helgesen ◽  
Maurice J. Tauber
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Encarsia Formosa ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Factors ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Crop Harvest

AbstractParasitized and unparasitized whitefly populations were sampled on a short-term crop (poinsettia) at 4–7 day intervals until crop harvest. Age-specific whitefly survivorship and parasite activity were evaluated in relation to various biotic and abiotic factors. Three critical factors influenced the outcome of the whitefly–Encarsia formosa interaction during short-term crop production. Commercially acceptable levels of control were achieved on poinsettia by (a) introducing parasites during the first 40 days of crop production, as pupae, when small scales were abundant, (b) introducing sufficient parasite pupae to develop a ratio of one adult parasite for every 30 large whitefly scales, and (c) maintaining an average temperature of 23.3 °C (74°F).

Refining our understanding of the “elephant in the room”

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Whiten
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Technological Culture

Abstract The authors do the field of cultural evolution a service by exploring the role of non-social cognition in human cumulative technological culture, truly neglected in comparison with socio-cognitive abilities frequently assumed to be the primary drivers. Some specifics of their delineation of the critical factors are problematic, however. I highlight recent chimpanzee–human comparative findings that should help refine such analyses.

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