scholarly journals Experimental Investigation and Modelling of the Layered Concrete with Different Concentration of Short Fibers in the Layers

Fibers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Vitalijs Lusis ◽  
Olga Kononova ◽  
Arturs Macanovskis ◽  
Rimvydas Stonys ◽  
Inga Lasenko ◽  
...  

The use of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) in structures with high physical-mechanical characteristics allows engineers to reduce the weight and costs of the structures, to simplify the technology of their production, to reduce or completely eliminate the manual labor needed for reinforcement, at the same time increasing reliability and durability. Commonly accepted technology is exploiting randomly distributed in the concrete volume fibers with random each fiber orientation. In structural members subjected to bending, major loads are bearing fibers located close to outer member surfaces. The majority of fibers are slightly loaded. The aim of the present research is to create an SFRC construction with non-homogeneously distributed fibers. We prepared layered SFRC prismatic specimens. Each layer had different amount of short fibers. Specimens were tested by four point bending till the rupture. Material fracture process was modelled based on the single fiber pull-out test results. Modelling results were compared with the experimental curves for beams. Predictions generated by the model were validated by 4PBT of 100 × 100 × 400 mm prisms. Investigation had shown higher load-bearing capacity of layered concrete plates comparing with plate having homogeneously distributed the same amount of fibers. This mechanism is strongly dependent on fiber concentration. A high amount of fibers is leading to new failure mechanisms—pull-out of FRC blocks and decrease of load-bearing capacity. Fracture surface analysis was realized for broken prisms with the goal to analyze fracture process and to improve accuracy of the elaborated model. The general conclusion with regard to modelling results is that the agreement with experimental data is good, numeric modelling results successfully align with the experimental data. Modelling has indicated the existence of additional failure processes besides simple fiber pull-out, which could be expected when fiber concentration exceeds the critical value.

Author(s):  
M.G. Surianinov ◽  
◽  
S.P. Neutov ◽  
I.B. Korneeva ◽  
I.K. Kalchev ◽  
...  

Abstract. Laboratory bending tests of concrete and steel-fiber-concrete prisms were carried out. The concrete matrix for all prisms is made of a concrete mixture of the same composition with a coarse aggregate size up to 10 mm and a water-cement ratio that allows correct mixing of the ready mixture with fiber, so that the latter is evenly distributed over the sample volume. Fiber reinforcement is 1% for all three types of fiber, a fiber made of the same steel with an ultimate strength of 1335 MPa, fiber length 50 mm, diameter 1 mm is used. Fibers differ only in shape, which makes it possible to compare test results across series without correction factors. Concrete samples without fiber are considered as control samples. As a result of laboratory tests, data sets were obtained and analyzed, which are presented in the form of diagrams. Different types of steel fiber show different increases in the load at the beginning of cracking and load-bearing capacity. The most profitable from this point of view is the addition of anchor fiber to concrete, the least – wave fiber. However, the presence of any of the considered steel fibers in the mixture significantly increases the load-bearing capacity of the sample. In addition, the type of destruction of such a sample changes from brittle to viscous. We also studied the deformability of samples with different fiber reinforcement and plotted the dependence of the relative longitudinal strain on the load. Before the crack formation begins, there is a direct proportionality between the load and the strain with the appearance of cracks, the slope of the graphs changes sharply. When the load-bearing capacity is lost, steel fiber-reinforced concrete samples are restrained from final destruction. The use of steel fiber in concrete on average increases the crack resistance by 40%, and the load-bearing capacity by 64%. Compared with samples without fiber reinforcement, samples with anchor fiber show an increase in load-bearing capacity by 89%, and crack resistance by 61%. When using flattened fiber, these values are 56% and 32%, and for wave fiber – 47% and 25%, respectively. The use of steel fiber in the manufacture of concrete mix avoids the brittle nature of destruction.


2017 ◽  
Vol 742 ◽  
pp. 636-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florentin Pottmeyer ◽  
Markus Muth ◽  
Kay André Weidenmann

An efficient implementation of lightweight design is the use of continuous carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) due to their outstanding specific mechanical properties. Embedded metal elements, so-called inserts, can be used to join metal-based attachments to structural CFRP parts in the context of multi-material design. They differ from other mechanical fasteners and have distinctive benefits. In particular, drilling of the components to be joined can be avoided and, depending on the preforming, fiber continuity can be maintained using such elements. Thus, no local bearing stress is anticipated. Previous work published by the authors [1] dealt with a systematic research of the influence of different types of stresses on the load bearing capacity of welded inserts. This contribution aims at the investigation of the performance of shape-optimized inserts under the same types of loading to compare with the results of the welded inserts serving as a reference. For that purpose, the respective load bearing capacities were evaluated after preinduced damages from impact tests and thermal cycling. In addition, dynamic high-speed tensile tests (pull-out) were conducted under different loading velocities. It is shown that the load bearing capacities increased up to 19% for high velocities (250 mm/s) in comparison to quasi-static loading conditions (1.5 mm/min) showing an obvious strain rate dependency of the CFRP. Quasi-static residual strength measurements under tensile loading identified the influence of the respective preinduced damages of the insert. Influence of the thermal loading condition was evaluated by placing the specimens in a climate chamber and exposing it to various numbers of temperature cycles from-40 °C to +80 °C with a duration time of 1.5 hours each. Here, it turned out that already 10 temperature cycles decreased the quasi-static load bearing capacity up to 31%. According to DIN EN 6038 the specimens were loaded with different impact energies and the residual strength were measured carrying out pull-out tests. It could be shown that the damage tolerance is significantly lower for the shape-optimized insert due to failure-critical delamination. The optimized insert also endured lower impact energies and the influence on the performance was higher.


2018 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 04012
Author(s):  
Jerzy K. Szlendak ◽  
Agnieszka Jablonska-Krysiewicz ◽  
Dariusz Tomaszewicz

The goal of the article is to elaboration analytical models describing a new system of reinforcing three-layer walls of large-panel buildings with bonded anchors. The use of this type of fasteners that bond the façade texture layer to the structural slab is necessary due to the low durability of previously used suspension elements. Various bonded anchorage systems were considered. The new anchorage systems were designed as two-anchors systems (horizontal anchor and diagonal anchors) and three-anchors systems (horizontal anchor and two diagonal anchors). The inclinations of these anchors are in the range of 30°-60° in relation to the surface of the element. For the above types of reinforcements, analytical models have been developed that take into account the change of strength parameters of the resin and steel from which the anchors were made, the interaction of materials resin-steel and resin-concrete and the effect of the simultaneous action of pull-out and shearing forces. Moreover, was assumed the simultaneous destruction of fasteners two- and three-anchors. The elaborated analytical models will be used to determine the load-bearing capacity of the new connector system, which will allow the elaboration of guidelines for strengthening three-layer walls of largepanel slab buildings.


Author(s):  
V. Kravtsov

The article discusses modern practical approaches to the calculation of pile bases, gives the actual picture of their deformation and loss of stability under the influence of vertical pressing/ pulling loads. It is stated that the currently used methods for assessing the load-bearing capacity and stability of the pile base (theoretical, engineering-practical, numerical), based on simplified idealized models, the theory of solid body elasticity, do not correspond to the actual state, properties and behaviour of dispersed soils under load. This greatly reduces the reliability of the results obtained for them (the difference between the calculated and experimental data reaches 100 %), and therefore they need to be clarified. Therefore, the aim of this work is to improve the accuracy and reliability of calculation methods by taking into account the actual operation of piles in the ground and its properties. Analysis of experimental data showed that the loss of stability of the pile base at the stage of exhaustion of its load-bearing capacity well corresponds to the assumptions and principles adopted in the theory of ultimate soil equilibrium. In this regard, the article offers a theoretical solution that develops the provisions of the theory of the ultimate stress state of soils in relation to the assessment of the bearing capacity and stability of the Foundation of piles. The solution is obtained for the condition of a flat problem when loading a multi-layer base of a pile with a vertical pressing force. In the design scheme, the following basic assumptions are made: - the loss of stability of the pile base occurs as a result of shifts on the sliding surface of an undisturbed volume of soil in the form of a truncated cone, including the pile, relative to stationary soil; - sliding surfaces have constant faces close to rectilinear, which are rigidly oriented in space by angles of inclination to the vertical-βi, along the length of the trunk, and αi-to the horizontal, at the level of the end of the pile; - the maximum normative load on the pile is determined under the condition of the maximum ordinate of the development of the limit equilibrium region zmax = 0.25d, which corresponds to the critical draft sкр ≤ ξ su.. The proposed theoretical solution can be used to develop methods for assessing the load-bearing capacity and stability of both finished and Packed piles of various types, for which partial coefficients of the working condition are established, depending on their parameters, soil properties and manufacturing method. В статье рассматриваются современные практические подходы к расчету оснований свай, даны фактическая картина их деформирования и потери устойчивости при воздействии вертикальной вдавливающей/выдергивающей нагрузки. Констатируется, что используемые в настоящее время методы оценки несущей способности и устойчивости основания свай (теоретические, инженерно-практические, численные), построенные на упрощенных идеализированных моделях, теории упругости твердого тела, не соответствуют фактическому состоянию, свойствам и поведению дисперсных грунтов под нагрузкой. Это сильно снижает достоверность полученных по ним результатов (разница между рассчитанными и опытными данными достигает 100 %), в связи с чем они требуют уточнения. Поэтому целью работы является повышение точности и надежности расчетных методов посредством учета фактической работы свай в грунте и его свойств. Анализ опытных данных показал, что потеря устойчивости основания свай на стадии исчерпания его несущей способности хорошо соответствует допущениям и принципам, принятым в теории предельного равновесия грунтов. В связи с этим в статье предложено теоретическое решение, развивающее положения теории предельного напряженного состояния грунтов применительно к оценке несущей способности и устойчивости основания свай. Решение получено для условия плоской задачи при нагружении многослойного основания сваи вертикальной вдавливающей силой. В расчетной схеме приняты следующие основные допущения: - потеря устойчивости основания сваи происходит в результате сдвигов по поверхности скольжения ненарушенного объема грунта в форме усеченного конуса, включающего сваю, относительно неподвижного грунта; - поверхности скольжения имеют постоянные близкие к прямолинейным грани, жестко ориентированные в пространстве углами наклона к вертикали – βi, по длине ствола, и αi – к горизонтали, в уровне конца сваи; - предельная нормативная нагрузка на сваю определяется при максимальной ординате развития области предельного равновесия zmax = 0,25d, что соответствует критической осадке sкр ≤ ξ su. Предложенное теоретическое решение может быть применено для разработки методов оценки несущей способности и устойчивости как готовых, так и набивных свай различных типов, для которых установлены частные коэффициенты условия работы, зависящие от их параметров свойств грунтов и способа изготовления.


CivilEng ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-579
Author(s):  
Szymon Grzesiak ◽  
Matthias Pahn ◽  
Milan Schultz-Cornelius ◽  
Nora Susanne Bies

The behaviour of façade anchors in high performance fiber reinforced concrete (HPFRC) has not been investigated in sufficient detail in recent years. The regulations in the European Technical Approvals also do not fully describe the load-bearing capacity of anchor systems. Due to the increase in the production of HPFRC elements, it is necessary to analyse the impact of added fibers in the concrete composition on the behaviour of anchors. In particular, the behaviour of anchors in filigree façade elements, which is one of the main application areas of the programme of polypropylene (PP) fiber-reinforced concrete, is therefore analysed. With a sufficient content of PP fibers surrounding the steel anchors oriented in an optimal direction, the fibers may enhance both the load-bearing capacity of anchors and the ductility of concrete. However, unfavourable effects on the installation process or even on the load-bearing capacity may also occur due to unfavourable fiber orientation. Therefore, tensile and punching tests were carried out in uncracked concrete with different types of anchor systems containing a tension anchor and an adjustable spacer bolt. The PP fiber content of the concrete component varied during the tests.


Author(s):  
Eren Komurlu ◽  
Serhat Demir

Change in the load bearing capacity of the split set type friction rock bolts with variations of bolt lengths was investigated within this study. To determine a relation between the load bearing capacity and bolt length parameters, different friction bolt models with various lengths were analyzed with a numerical modelling study. In addition, a series of pull-out tests was carried out to evaluate the load bearing capacities of the split set type friction rock bolts with different lengths. The load bearing capacity of the bolts was found to decreasingly increase with the increase in the bolt length. As an outcome of this study, a relation between the load bearing capacity and rock bolt length parameters is suggested in accordance with the results obtained from both numerical and experimental studies.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pandimani Pandimani ◽  
Markandeya Raju Ponnada ◽  
Yesuratnam Geddada

Purpose This paper aims to present nonlinear numerical simulations using the versatile finite element (FE) analysis tool ANSYS and theoretical analysis based on code provisions to assess the load-carrying capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) beams under two-point monotonic static loadings. Design/methodology/approach Four quarter-size FE models with load and geometry symmetry conditions were constructed, the load-bearing capacity and associated mid-span deflections at critical points are verified against the full-scale experimental RC beams available in the literature. These developed FE models incorporated the tension stiffening effects and bond–slip behaviour. Theoretical analyses based on Indian standard code IS: 456–2000 and ACI 318–19 were also carried to verify the experimental and numerical predicted moments at critical loading points. Findings The load-deflection curves predicted through FE models exhibit closer corroboration with the experimental curves throughout the loading history. The contour plots for deflections, concrete principal stresses, reinforcement yield stresses are satisfactorily predicted by the FE models, which reveal the complete information of nonlinear behaviour of RC beams. The developed model well captured the initial and progressive crack patterns at each load increments. Practical implications The FE modelling is an efficient, valid and economical tool that is an alternative to the expensive experimental program and can be used to explore, analyse and fully understand the nonlinear response of RC beams under static loadings. Originality/value The ultimate moment capacity evaluated based on ACI 318–19 code provision show a better correlation with the experimental data as compared to the IS: 456–2000 code provision. The ultimate loads and associated centre-span deflections predicted by RN-2, RN-3, RB-12 and RB-16 FE model show a discrepancy of 1.66 and –0.49%, –4.68 and –0.60%, –9.38 and –14.53% and –4.37 and 4.21%, respectively, against the experimental results, which reveals that the developed ANSYS FE models predict consistent results and achieved a reasonable agreement with the experimental data.


Author(s):  
Olena Yefimenko

In the article presents an engineering method for calculating compressed flexible reinforced concrete elements with sheet reinforcement over a steel cross section. The results of the calculation are compared with the experimental data. Calculation ofload-bearing capacity of reinforced concrete flexible elements with sheet reinforcement is based on the method of boundarystates. The work of specimens under load and the nature of the load-bearing capacity depending on the height and eccentricity of the effort were investigated. The proposed method of calculating compressed elements with sheet reinforcement on asteel-cross-section allows to take into account their flexibility in both axial and out-of-center application of load.


2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Per Heyser ◽  
Vadim Sartisson ◽  
Gerson Meschut ◽  
Marcel Droß ◽  
Klaus Dröder

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