scholarly journals Frequency of Dynamic Fire Behaviours in Australian Forest Environments

Fire ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Alexander I. Filkov ◽  
Thomas J. Duff ◽  
Trent D. Penman
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Crown Fires ◽  
Direct Data ◽  
Social Environmental

Wildfires can result in significant social, environmental and economic losses. Fires in which dynamic fire behaviours (DFBs) occur contribute disproportionately to damage statistics. Little quantitative data on the frequency at which DFBs occur exists. To address this problem, we conducted a structured survey using staff from fire and land management agencies in Australia regarding their experiences with DFBs. Staff were asked which, if any, DFBs were observed within fires greater than 1000 ha from the period 2006–2016 that they had experience with. They were also asked about the nature of evidence to support these observations. One hundred thirteen fires were identified. Eighty of them had between one and seven DFBs with 73% (58 fires) having multiple types of DFBs. Most DFBs could commonly be identified through direct data, suggesting an empirical analysis of these phenomena should be possible. Spotting, crown fires and pyro-convective events were the most common DFBs (66%); when combined with eruptive fires and conflagrations, these DFBs comprise 89% of all cases with DFBs. Further research should be focused on these DFBs due to their high frequencies and the fact that quantitative data are likely to be available.

scholarly journals Analyzing Factors Affecting the Sustainability of Land Management Practices in Mecha Woreda, Northwestern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7007
Author(s):  
Habtamu Nebere ◽  
Degefa Tolossa ◽  
Amare Bantider
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
The Impact

In Ethiopia, the practice of land management started three decades ago in order to address the problem of land degradation and to further boost agricultural production. However, the impact of land management practices in curbing land degradation problems and improving the productivity of the agricultural sector is insignificant. Various empirical works have previously identified the determinants of the adoption rate of land management practices. However, the sustainability of land management practices after adoption, and the various factors that control the sustainability of implemented land management practices, are not well addressed. This study analyzed the factors affecting the sustainability of land management practices after implementation in Mecha Woreda, northwestern Ethiopia. The study used 378 sample respondents, selected by a systematic random sampling technique. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the quantitative data, while the qualitative data were qualitatively and concurrently analyzed with the quantitative data. The sustained supply of fodder from the implemented land management practices, as well as improved cattle breed, increases the sustainability of the implemented land management practices. While lack of agreement in the community, lack of enforcing community bylaws, open cattle grazing, lack of benefits of implemented land management practices, acting as barrier for farming practices, poor participation of household heads during planning and decision-making processes, as well as the lack of short-term benefits, reduce the sustainability of the implemented land management practices. Thus, it is better to allow for the full participation of household heads in planning and decision-making processes to bring practical and visible results in land management practices. In addition, recognizing short-term benefits to compensate the land lost in constructing land management structures must be the strategy in land management practices. Finally, reducing the number of cattle and practicing stall feeding is helpful both for the sustainability of land management practices and the productivity of cattle. In line with this, fast-growing fodder grass species have to be introduced for household heads to grow on land management structures and communal grazing fields for stall feeding.

scholarly journals Critical Analysis of the Value of Drought Information and Impacts on Land Management and Public Health

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1064
Author(s):  
Tingting Liu ◽  
Kelly Helm Smith ◽  
Richard Krop ◽  
Tonya Haigh ◽  
Mark Svoboda
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Bureau Of Land Management

This paper reviews previous efforts to assign monetary value to climatic or meteorological information, such as public information on drought, climate, early warning systems, and weather forecast information. Methods and tools that have been explored to examine the benefits of climatic and meteorological information include the avoided cost, contingent valuation, choice experiments, benefit transfer, and descriptive approaches using surveys. The second part of this paper discusses specific considerations related to valuing drought information for public health and the Bureau of Land Management. We found a multitude of connections between drought and the land management and health sectors in the literature. The majority of the papers that we summarized only report biophysical change, because the economic losses of drought are not available. Only a few papers reported economic loss associated with drought. To determine the value of drought information, we need to know more about the role it plays in decision making and what sources of drought information are used in different sectors. This inventory of methods and impacts highlights opportunities for further research in valuing drought information in land management and public health.

Declarations of War in Interstate War

Wars of Law ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 72-108
Author(s):  
Tanisha M. Fazal
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Legal Liability ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Laws Of War ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Interstate War ◽  
Over Time

This chapter asks: why have states stopped issuing formal declarations of war in interstate war? The chapter begins with an historical overview of the use of declarations of war, then moves to an empirical analysis based on original quantitative data and primary qualitative data. The main hypothesis of the chapter, which is supported by the data, is that states avoid declaring war because they want to avoid the legal liability of complying with the laws of war as those laws have proliferated over time.

scholarly journals Participatory Mapping and SWOT in the context of the Water-Food-Energy Nexus for attaining SDGs in Eastern Amazonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Gislleidy Uchôa Tavares ◽  
Regina Balbino da Silva ◽  
Thomaz Willian de Figueiredo Xavier ◽  
Adryane Gorayeb ◽  
Christian Brannstrom
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Community Management ◽  
Participatory Mapping ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Social Strategy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Traditional Communities

Abstract. The nexus concept is applied to many global contexts to generate understanding of the relations among the water, food and energy sectors and to guide investigations that seek to improve living conditions of marginalized communities. This work analyses the nexus by means of qualitative and participative methodologies at a community scale with the objective of understanding how residents of traditional communities perceive the interconnections among water, food, and energy. SWOT and participatory mapping methodologies were utilized complementarily to map the water, food, and energy contexts of Ponta do Urumajó community, located in Pará state, Brazil. Participatory mapping and SWOT create quali-quantitative data, enabling the participation of individuals in the production of participatory maps of their territories and the material and symbolic appropriation of spaces, constituting a political and social strategy for empowerment and autonomy. These methods provided the basis for learning and reflecting on the social, environmental, territorial, and political reality in terms of the water, food, and energy nexus, making it possible to use the data for achieving the SDGs, creating future public policies or more rational community management adjusted to the local reality.

scholarly journals An Analytical Assessment of Assurance Practices in Social Environmental and Sustainable Reporting in the United Kingdom and North America

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annisa Melissa Manurung ◽  
Hardo Basuki
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
North America ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Sustainability Reporting ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Accepted Standard ◽  
Analytical Assessment ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Transparency And Accountability

The objective of this study is to continue and extend previous studies in evaluating the extent to which current assurance practices promote transparency and accountability to stakeholders. This is carried out by conducting an empirical analysis of the content of assurance statements accompanying a sample of non-financial reports short-listed for the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) U.K. Sustainability Reporting Award and the CERES-ACCA Sustainability Reporting Award from 2006 to 2008. The findings of this study show that several new trends in social, environmental and sustainability assurance can be observed. Firstly, accountants tend to limit their intended readership to management only and state a disclaimer for other potential readers. This diminishes the transparency and stakeholder accountability of the reporting. Secondly, there is even stronger evidence that management has the control over the scope of the assurance engagement and over what information gets publicly disclosed. The evidence is shown in the fact that in many assurance statements prepared by accountants, only selected parts of the reports are being assured, with no indication that it is not management who selects these parts. Finally, the recent practices of assurance engagements represented by the sample in this study have not improved the transparency and stakeholder accountability of social, environmental and sustainable reporting. Similar to the two previous studies, we assert that a generally accepted standard is needed to promote assurance statements that add meaningful values to the reliability of social, environmental and sustainability reporting.

scholarly journals Examination of motivation in civic organizations

2013 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Anita Pierog
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Internal Motivation ◽  
Civic Organizations

The primary objective of my research is to examine and explore the specialties of the civil organizations composition and operation. In my study I describe the results of my research in Hajdú-Bihar County. The results concern to the features of motivation and incentive in civil organizations. Quantitative data from an empirical analysis is used for the research. My questionnaires were measured on a representative sample. The basis of this sample was the County Court of Justice’s website. Thus, my research on managerial tasks included in Hajdú-Bihar County. During the survey I examined the motivation from different sides. First of all, what was the purpose of establishing civil organizations? I also analysed the managers’ motivation. Why they participate in civic activities? Finally, I examined the perception of managers of incentive forms. The general findings beyond the context of the investigations were carried out on the basis of organizational parameters and characteristics of the interviewees. The results of my research arise from an analysis of data I collected. Civil organizations are established for a well-defined task or as a way of problem-solving. In terms of internal motivation of managers stated that it was mainly an internal urge and desire to help the cause, participate in the activities of civic organizations. In their motivational activities, the psychological incentives were classified as most effective motivators.

scholarly journals Are Countries Participating into Regional Integration Performing Better in Growth and Liberalization Than Non-Participators? A Study on European Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Tarun Kanti Bose ◽  
Jannatul Ferdous Bristy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Eu Countries

This study conducted towards identifying practical scenario of effectiveness of regional integration on indicators of trade liberalization and economic growth. Empirical analysis using secondary yet quantitative data using eight ratio and trend analysis on 49 European countries (28 EU and 21 Non-EU) portrays outcome in favor of regional integration. While EU countries seem to be performing consistently in both the categories, Non-EU countries are lagging behind. This outcome comes in the support of the traditional supports of free trade and integration and declares that trade integration creates both dynamic and static effects and trades (open and participatory) actually benefit all.

The Guidance Mechanism Innovation of College Students1 Ideological Trends in the View of Implicit Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1318-1328
Author(s):  
Yanping Yu
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Quantitative Data Analysis ◽  
Mechanism Innovation ◽  
Education Concept ◽  
Network Public Opinion

Under the influence of network public opinion, in order to reduce the probability of ideological problems and ideological deviation of college students, the guidance mechanism of college students’ ideological trends is innovatively studied from the perspective of implicit education. This paper analyzes the concept of implicit education and the structure of guiding mechanism, and takes it as the theoretical basis of guiding mechanism innovation. Then the current situation of college students’ ideological trends guidance mechanism is studied, to obtain the results of quantitative data analysis, and the achievements and problems of the guidance mechanism at this stage are summarized. Combined with the influence of network public opinion on college students’ ideological trends, in order to solve the problem of current ideological trends guidance, the paper puts forward the overall principles of controlling the guidance mechanism, updating the implicit ideological education concept, innovating the guidance methods, and improving the guarantee mechanism. From the results of empirical analysis, the application of the proposed innovation path of guidance mechanism to the actual ideological trends of college students can effectively reduce the proportion of students with ideological problems, that is, the effect of ideological guidance is more obvious.

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