scholarly journals Mitigating Source Water Risks with Improved Wildfire Containment

Fire ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Benjamin M. Gannon ◽  
Yu Wei ◽  
Matthew P. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Fuels Reduction ◽  
Wildfire Risk ◽  
Contaminant Loads ◽  
Fire Containment ◽  
Total Sediment ◽  
Degraded Water Quality

In many fire-prone watersheds, wildfire threatens surface drinking water sources with eroded contaminants. We evaluated the potential to mitigate the risk of degraded water quality by limiting fire sizes and contaminant loads with a containment network of manager-developed Potential fire Operational Delineations (PODs) using wildfire risk transmission methods to partition the effects of stochastically simulated wildfires to within and out of POD burning. We assessed water impacts with two metrics—total sediment load and frequency of exceeding turbidity limits for treatment—using a linked fire-erosion-sediment transport model. We found that improved fire containment could reduce wildfire risk to the water source by 13.0 to 55.3% depending on impact measure and post-fire rainfall. Containment based on PODs had greater potential in our study system to reduce total sediment load than it did to avoid degraded water quality. After containment, most turbidity exceedances originated from less than 20% of the PODs, suggesting strategic investments to further compartmentalize these areas could improve the effectiveness of the containment network. Similarly, risk transmission varied across the POD boundaries, indicating that efforts to increase containment probability with fuels reduction would have a disproportionate effect if prioritized along high transmission boundaries.

scholarly journals Contribution of Internal Nutrients Loading on the Water Quality of a Reservoir

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye Won Lee ◽  
Yong Seok Lee ◽  
Jonggun Kim ◽  
Kyoung Jae Lim ◽  
Jung Hyun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Internal Load ◽  
Phosphorus Flux

Sediment plays an important role in the water quality of a lake by acting as both a nutrient source and sink. The amount of phosphorus and nitrogen in the water depends on the internal load from the sediment as well as the external load. To estimate the effects of sediment load on the water quality of a reservoir, we applied a three-dimensional hydrodynamic and transport model based on the benthic chamber experimental results at Euiam Lake, South Korea. As shown in the sensitivity analysis results, the eutrophication period could be significantly extended by a change of phosphorus flux rates from the sediments. The increased phosphorus flux from the sediments intensifies the algal growth of Euiam Lake, which could cause serious algal bloom during spring and fall. This study provides information on nutrient concentrations in the sediment of Euiam Lake, verifies the role of the sediment as a source or sink of nutrients, and evaluates the effect of sediment release of nutrients and contaminants on water quality. This research is a useful tool in determining the effects of internal load in lakes and establishing the operation guideline for sediment management in order to maintain feasible water quality for beneficial use.

Влияние экологического состояния водоисточника на режим работы водопроводных очистных сооружений

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bykova ◽  
I. Egorova ◽  
A. Strelkov ◽  
L. Talovyria ◽  
O. Nesterenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Water Abstraction ◽  
The City

При изучении качества воды источника водоснабжения г. Самары Саратовского водохранилища особое внимание было уделено основным показателям, влияющим на выбор реагентной обработки: мутность, перманганатная окисляемость и цветность. Сезонные изменения качества воды водохранилища требуют постоянной корректировки дозы реагентов с целью достижения нормативных требований к качеству очищенной воды. Приводятся результаты производственных исследований изменения качества воды Саратовского водохранилища в створе водозаборов г. Самары за 20172019 годы по мутности, перманганатной окисляемости и цветности. В связи с аномальными температурными перепадами и наступлением осеннего паводка (конец декабря 2019 г. и январь 2020 г.) резко изменилось качество воды водохранилища по цветности и перманганатной окисляемости. Отмечено, что увеличение указанных показателей потребовало повышения дозы реагентов при очистке исходной воды. Оптимальная доза реагентов постоянно коректируется в зависимости от состава исходной воды на флокуляторе Lovibond ЕТ-750 . Регулярное проведение пробного коагулирования позволило поддерживать качество очищенной воды в соответствии с нормативными требованиями СанПиН 2.1.4.1074-01 Питьевая вода. Контроль качества , кроме цветности и железа общего, так как превышение этих показателей наблюдалось в пределах погрешности методов измерения.While studying the water quality of the water source of the city of Samara the Saratov water reservoir, special attention was paid to the main indicators that influence the choice of chemical treatment: turbidity, permanganate index and color. Seasonal changes in the water quality of the water reservoir require constant adjustment of the chemical dose in order to meet the regulatory requirements to the quality of treated water. The results of the studies of changes in the water quality of the Saratov reservoir at the water abstraction points of the city of Samara for 20172019 by turbidity, permanganate index and color are presented. Due to the abnormal temperature differences and onset of autumn flood (end of December 2019 and January 2020), the water quality in the water reservoir dramatically changed in color and permanganate index. It was noted that an increase in these indicators required an increase in the dose of chemicals during the source water purification. The optimal dose of chemicals is selected with Lovibond ET-750 flocculator depending on the composition of the source water. Regular test coagulation allowed maintaining the quality of purified water in accordance with the regulatory requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 Drinking water. Quality control , except for color and total iron since the values of these indicators were increased within the measurement accuracy.

Wastewater Reuse for River Recovery in Semi-Arid Israel

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Juanico ◽  
Eran Friedler
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Pollution Impacts ◽  
Semi Arid

Most of the water has been captured in the rivers of Israel and they have turned into dry river-beds which deliver only sporadic winter floods. In a semi-arid country where literally every drop of water is used, reclaimed wastewater is the most feasible water source for river recovery. Two topics are addressed in this paper: water quality management in rivers where most of the flowing water is treated wastewater, and the allocations of reclaimed wastewater required for the recovery of rivers and streams. Water quality management must consider that the main source of water to the river has a pollution loading which reduces its capability to absorb other pollution impacts. The allocation of treated wastewater for the revival of rivers may not affect negatively the water balance of the region; it may eventually improve it. An upstream bruto allocation of 122 MCM/year of wastewater for the recovery of 14 rivers in Israel may favor downstream reuse of this wastewater, resulting in a small neto allocation and in an increase of the water resources available to the country. The discharge of effluents upstream to revive the river followed by their re-capture downstream for irrigation, implies a further stage in the intensification of water reuse.

The Design of Water Intake System and Analysis of Water Quality Conditions of the Regional Energy System of Complex River Water Source Heat Pump

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Pengfei Si ◽  
Xiangyang Rong ◽  
Angui Li ◽  
Xiaodan Min ◽  
Zhengwu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
River Water ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Regional Energy ◽  
Heat Pump Unit

As a realization of the energy cascade utilization, the regional energy system has the significant potential of energy saving. As a kind of renewable energy, river water source heat pump also can greatly reduce the energy consumption of refrigeration and heating system. Combining the regional energy and water source heat pump technology, to achieve cooling, heating and power supply for a plurality of block building is of great significance to reduce building energy consumption. This paper introduces a practical engineering case which combines the regional energy system of complex river water source heat pump, which provides a detailed analysis of the hydrology and water quality conditions of the river water source heat pump applications, and discusses the design methods of water intake and drainage system. The results show that the average temperature of cold season is about 23.5 °C, the heating season is about 13.2 °C; the abundant regional water flow can meet the water requirement of water source heat pump unit; the sediment concentration index cannot meet the requirement of river water source heat pump if the water enters the unit directly; the river water chemistry indicators (pH, Cl-, SO42-, total hardness, total iron) can meet the requirement of river water source heat pump, and it is not required to take special measures to solve the problem. However, the problem of sediment concentration of water must be solved.

Experimental investigation on water quality standard of Yangtze River water source heat pump

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1103-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenghu Qin ◽  
Mingwei Tong ◽  
Lin Kun
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Water Conditions

Due to the surface water in the upper reaches of Yangtze River in China containing large amounts of silt and algae, high content of microorganisms and suspended solids, the water in Yangtze River cannot be used for cooling a heat pump directly. In this paper, the possibility of using Yangtze River, which goes through Chongqing, a city in southwest China, as a heat source–sink was investigated. Water temperature and quality of the Yangtze River in the Chongqing area were analyzed and the performance of water source heat pump units in different sediment concentrations, turbidity and algae material conditions were tested experimentally, and the water quality standards, in particular surface water conditions, in the Yangtze River region that adapt to energy-efficient heat pumps were also proposed. The experimental results show that the coefficient of performance heat pump falls by 3.73% to the greatest extent, and the fouling resistance of cooling water in the heat exchanger increases up to 25.6% in different water conditions. When the sediment concentration and the turbidity in the river water are no more than 100 g/m3 and 50 NTU respectively, the performance of the heat pump is better, which can be used as a suitable river water quality standard for river water source heat pumps.

The Total Sediment Load of Streams

1958 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmett M. Laursen
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Load ◽  
Total Sediment

A review on share of river bank erosion to the total sediment load with increasing catchment size

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Abbas ◽  
Seifeddine Jomaa ◽  
Michael Rode
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Load ◽  
Bank Erosion ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Sediment Sources ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
River Bank ◽  
River Bank Erosion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Catchment Size ◽  
Total Sediment

<p>Information on the share of river bank erosion to the total sediment load at catchment scale by using the fingerprinting approach is important to address our knowledge of erosion processes to better target soil erosion control measures. In particular, river bank erosion is affected by many factors such as spatial and temporal variables and is difficult to quantify the relationship of the share of bank erosion to catchment size and upland erosion rate without extensive fieldwork and data analysis. Potential tracers including geochemical, fallout radionuclides, bulk and compound-specific stable isotopes, and magnetic properties have been used, often in combination with sediment source apportionment. In this worldwide review, the global dataset for percent share of river bank and surface erosion using fingerprinting approach was collected to establish the significance of catchment size and other physical controls on river bank erosion. Google Scholar and Web of Science were used to review research articles that included river bank/subsurface as one of the sediment sources in the study areas. This database showed that the UK (n = 84), USA (n = 14) and Brazil (n = 10) had the highest number of catchments, followed by Iran (n = 4), Southern Zambia (n = 1), Australia (n = 1), Spain (n = 1), Mongolia (n = 1) and Burkina Faso (n = 1) ranging in size from 0.31 to 15000 km<sup>2</sup>, predominately agriculture. Based on published studies, there is a clear shift of sediment sources from surface erosion to river bank erosion with increasing catchment size. The results show the wide range of relative contributions of surface and river bank sources to the catchment sediment yield around the globe. There are a number of catchments with river bank contribution exceeding 25% and surface contribution exceeding 90% of total sediment loss. This diversity highlights the many factors that influence river bank erosion. In addition to the wide range, sediment source contribution in the range 1-25% from river bank is generally representative around the World. We recommend that long term monitoring of sediment load and surface and river bank sources at nested sites within a catchment are indispensable. Furthermore, limited information on the share of sources often makes it difficult to target mitigation measures reducing sediment loads at the catchment scale.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Sediment load, catchment size, fingerprinting approach, river bank share</p>

Impact of climate change on streamflow and water quality in the upper Dong Nai river basin, Vietnam

2018 ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Viet Thang ◽  
Dao Nguyen Khoi ◽  
Ho Long Phi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Nutrient Load ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The Impact

In this study, we investigated the impact of climate change on streamflow and water quality (TSS, T-N, and T-P loads) in the upper Dong Nai River Basin using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model. The calibration and validation results indicated that the SWAT model is a reasonable tool for simulating streamflow and water quality for this basin. Based on the well-calibrated SWAT model, the responses of streamflow, sediment load, and nutrient load to climate change were simulated. Climate change scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) were developed from five GCM simulations (CanESM2, CNRM-CM5, HadGEM2-AO, IPSL-CM5A-LR, and MPI-ESM-MR) using the delta change method. The results indicated that climate in the study area would become warmer and wetter in the future. Climate change leads to increases in streamflow, sediment load, T-N load, and T-P load. Besides that, the impacts of climate change would exacerbate serious problems related to water shortage in the dry season and soil erosion and degradation in the wet season. In addition, it is indicated that changes in sediment yield and nutrient load due to climate change are larger than the corresponding changes in streamflow.

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