scholarly journals Multi-Physics Modeling of Electrochemical Deposition

Fluids ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Justin Kauffman ◽  
John Gilbert ◽  
Eric Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Deposition ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Fluid Motion ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Layer Growth ◽  
Copper Layer ◽  
Finite Area ◽  
Area Method ◽  
Forcing Function ◽  
Physics Modeling

Electrochemical deposition (ECD) is a common method used in the field of microelectronics to grow metallic coatings on an electrode. The deposition process occurs in an electrolyte bath where dissolved ions of the depositing material are suspended in an acid while an electric current is applied to the electrodes. The proposed computational model uses the finite volume method and the finite area method to predict copper growth on the plating surface without the use of a level set method or deforming mesh because the amount of copper layer growth is not expected to impact the fluid motion. The finite area method enables the solver to track the growth of the copper layer and uses the current density as a forcing function for an electric potential field on the plating surface. The current density at the electrolyte-plating surface interface is converged within each PISO (Pressure Implicit with Splitting Operator) loop iteration and incorporates the variance of the electrical resistance that occurs via the growth of the copper layer. This paper demonstrates the application of the finite area method for an ECD problem and additionally incorporates coupling between fluid mechanics, ionic diffusion, and electrochemistry.

Non-aqueous electrochemical deposition of lead zirconate titanate films for flexible sensor applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (31) ◽  
pp. 1750287
Author(s):  
Sherin Joseph ◽  
A. V. Ramesh Kumar ◽  
Reji John
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Deposition ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Zirconate Titanate

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) is one of the most important piezoelectric materials widely used for underwater sensors. However, PZTs are hard and non-compliant and hence there is an overwhelming attention devoted toward making it flexible by preparing films on flexible substrates by different routes. In this work, the electrochemical deposition of composition controlled PZT films over flexible stainless steel (SS) foil substrates using non-aqueous electrolyte dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) was carried out. Effects of various key parameters involved in electrochemical deposition process such as current density and time of deposition were studied. It was found that a current density of 25 mA/cm2 for 5 min gave a good film. The morphology and topography evaluation of the films was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively, which showed a uniform morphology with a surface roughness of 2 nm. The PZT phase formation was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and corroborated with Raman spectroscopic studies. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss, hysteresis and I–V characteristics of the film was evaluated.

scholarly journals Investigation on the Electrochemical Deposition of Nanocrystalline Zinc with Cationic Polyacrylamide (CPAM)-ZnSO4 Electrolyte

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1120
Author(s):  
Xiaolei Chen ◽  
Jiasen Chen ◽  
Jiajun Zhu ◽  
Tianyu Cai ◽  
Zhongning Guo
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Electrochemical Deposition ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Electrolyte Conductivity ◽  
Cationic Polyacrylamide ◽  
Coating Methods

The electrochemical deposition of nanocrystalline zinc has high potential to deposit zinc coatings, which have improved wear and corrosion properties compared to conventional coating methods. Conventionally, two or more additives are used in the electrolyte for the formation nanocrystalline zinc; these electrolyte components are complex, and their maintenance is inconvenient, making it unstable and not suitable for industrial scale production. This paper proposes an electrochemical deposition technique for nanocrystalline zinc using a ZnSO4 solution with cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) as the unique additive. The results reveal that the cationic degree of CPAM has a significant influence on the deposition process and that the cationic degree of 20% enhances the electrolyte conductivity and improves the density of the deposited coating. The concentration of CPAM affects the electrolyte viscosity and conductivity. CPAM with a concentration of 20 g/L could simultaneously improve the electrolyte conductivity and maintain the viscosity at a low value, which promotes the formation of a bright deposited coating with a grain size of 87 nm. Additionally, the current density affects the grain structure of the deposited coating. With a current density of 0.5 A/dm2, a dense coating with lamellar grains and a grain size of 54.5 nm was obtained, which has, and the surface roughness was reduced to 0.162 μm. Moreover, the corrosion resistant property of the deposited coating was also improved.

Analysis of Electrochemical Deposition Process of Permalloy Films

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 547-556
Author(s):  
R.D. Tikhonov ◽  
◽  
S.A. Polomoshnov ◽  
V.V. Amelichev ◽  
D.V. Kostuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Deposition ◽  
Deposition Process

Multi-physics modeling of direct energy deposition process of thin-walled structures: defect analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1229-1242
Author(s):  
Shuhao Wang ◽  
Lida Zhu ◽  
Yichao Dun ◽  
Zhichao Yang ◽  
Jerry Ying Hsi Fuh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Deposition ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Defect Analysis ◽  
Direct Energy Deposition ◽  
Thin Walled Structures ◽  
Direct Energy ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Physics Modeling

Study on Special Morphology Hydroxyapatite Bioactive Coating by Electrochemical Deposition

2013 ◽  
Vol 537 ◽  
pp. 256-260
Author(s):  
Cai Ge Gu ◽  
Qian Gang Fu ◽  
He Jun Li ◽  
Jin Hua Lu ◽  
Lei Lei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Deposition ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Constant Current Density ◽  
Depth Direction ◽  
Special Morphology ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Coatings ◽  
Coating Weight

Bioactive calcium phosphate coatings were deposited on carbon/carbon（C/C） composites using electrochemical deposition technique. The effects of electrolyte concentration and constant current density on morphology, structure and composition of the coating were systematically investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results show that, the coating weight elevated gradually with the increase of electrolyte concentration, and the morphology of coatings changed from spherical particles to nanolamellar crystals with interlocking structure initially. Then the coating transformed into seaweed-like and nano/micro-sized crystals along the depth direction of the coating. The coatings showed seaweed-like morphology as the deposition current density was less than 20mA. With the less current density, the coating became more homogenous. However, the coating was fiakiness crysal, with needlike crystal stacked upside as the current density reached to 20mA/cm2. The coating weight was improved gradually when the current density increased from 2.5mA/cm2 to 10mA/cm2, then reduced with the increasing current density in the range of 10 to 20mA/cm2.

Structural Properties of Ni-Co Electroplated Coatings Studied by X-Ray Micro-Beam

2014 ◽  
Vol 635 ◽  
pp. 204-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondrej Milkovič ◽  
Mária Hagarová ◽  
Jana Michaliková ◽  
Matúš Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Transmission Mode ◽  
Structure Parameters ◽  
Electrodeposition Process ◽  
Cu Substrate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Current Densities

In this article we focused to influence of current density on the structure parameters evaluated by microdiffraction experiment in transmission mode using synchrotron radiation. For this purpose the coatings of Ni-Co alloy were deposited on the Cu substrate using different current densities during the electrodeposition process. The results of the microdiffraction experiment showed the structure uniformity of the coatings along their thickness, as well as changes in the structure parameters depending on the used current density during the deposition process.

Fabrication of an Apatite/Collagen Composite Coating on the NiTi Shape Memory Alloy through Electrochemical Deposition and Coating Characterisation

2009 ◽  
Vol 618-619 ◽  
pp. 319-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parama Chakraborty Banerjee ◽  
Tao Sun ◽  
Jonathan H.W. Wong ◽  
Min Wang
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory Alloy ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Composite Coating ◽  
Electrochemical Deposition ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Niti Shape Memory Alloy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Niti Sma

To improve the biocompatibility and bioactivity of NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA), apatite/collagen composite coatings were fabricated on the surface of NiTi SMA at room temperature using the electrochemical deposition technique. Spherical apatite particles and fibrous collagen that formed the composite coating were visible under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Ca/P ratio of the apatite component in the coating, as determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), was about 1.38 which is slightly higher than that of octocalcium phosphate (OCP). X-ray diffraction result showed that the apatite was amorphous, which was due to the low temperature (i.e., room temperature) deposition process. The structure of the composite coatings was further characterized using Fourier transform infrared reflection spectroscopy (FTIR). It was also found that, compared to bare NiTi SMA samples, the wettability of as-deposited samples was increased because of the formation of the composite coating.

scholarly journals Электроосаждение металлов на p-Si из водных электролитов

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
В.Н. Горяева ◽  
Р.А. Бисенгалиев
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Deposition ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Electrolyte Composition ◽  
Metal Coatings ◽  
Longitudinal Resistance ◽  
Metal Layers ◽  
Deposition Mode ◽  
Selection Of

The features of electrochemical deposition of metal coatings on hole silicon are presented, and the properties of the obtained metal layers are measured. The dependence of the thickness of the depleted region and the internal voltage drop in it on the composition of the electrolyte and the type of precipitated metal was investigated. The effect of current density and electrolyte composition on the properties of precipitation is proved. By selection of the electrolyte pretreatment and the deposition mode, metal precipitates with acceptable adhesion and low longitudinal resistance were obtained.

scholarly journals Электрохимическое осаждение контактных материалов в постростовой технологии фотоэлектрических преобразователей

2022 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
А.В. Малевская ◽  
Н.Д. Ильинская ◽  
Д.А. Малевский ◽  
П.В. Покровский
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Deposition ◽  
Ohmic Contacts ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Contact System ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Deposition Uniformity ◽  
Galvanic Deposition

Investigations and modeling of ohmic contacts electrochemical deposition process in postgrowth technology of photovoltaic converters fabrication have been carried out. The technology of Ag/Au contact system galvanic deposition at vertical and horizontal position of heterostructure and anode in the electrolyte has been developed. The increase of contact system deposition uniformity up to ∼ 95% at the thickness of contact bus-bars ∼ 5 µm on the heterostructure area with 4 inch diameter has been archived.

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