scholarly journals Food Ingredients and Nutraceuticals from Microalgae: Main Product Classes and Biotechnological Production

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1626
Author(s):  
Regina Kratzer ◽  
Michael Murkovic
Keyword(s):  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Biotechnological Production ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Fishmeal Replacement ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
Food Dyes

Microalgal products are an emerging class of food, feed, and nutraceuticals. They include dewatered or dried biomass, isolated pigments, and extracted fat. The oil, protein, and antioxidant-rich microalgal biomass is used as a feed and food supplement formulated as pastes, powders, tablets, capsules, or flakes designed for daily use. Pigments such as astaxanthin (red), lutein (yellow), chlorophyll (green), or phycocyanin (bright blue) are natural food dyes used as isolated pigments or pigment-rich biomass. Algal fat extracted from certain marine microalgae represents a vegetarian source of n-3-fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), γ-linolenic acid (GLA)). Gaining an overview of the production of microalgal products is a time-consuming task. Here, requirements and options of microalgae cultivation are summarized in a concise manner, including light and nutrient requirements, growth conditions, and cultivation systems. The rentability of microalgal products remains the major obstacle in industrial application. Key challenges are the high costs of commercial-scale cultivation, harvesting (and dewatering), and product quality assurance (toxin analysis). High-value food ingredients are commonly regarded as profitable despite significant capital expenditures and energy inputs. Improvements in capital and operational costs shall enable economic production of low-value food products going down to fishmeal replacement in the future economy.

scholarly journals Using a B-Phycoerythrin Extract as a Natural Colorant: Application in Milk-Based Products

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Ana Belén García ◽  
Eleonora Longo ◽  
Mª Carmen Murillo ◽  
Ruperto Bermejo
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Good Stability ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Natural Colorant ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Food Dyes ◽  
Ph Range

Nowadays, there is a growing interest in finding new coloring molecules of natural origin that can increase and diversify the offer of natural food dyes already present in the market. In the present work, a B-phycoerythrin extract from the microalgae Porphyridium cruentum was tested as a food colorant in milk-based products. Using spectroscopy and colorimetry, the extract was characterized and gave evidence of good properties and good stability in the pH range between 4.0 and 9.0. Coloring studies were conducted to demonstrate that samples carrying the pink extract could be used for simulating the pink color of marketed milk-based products. The staining factors, representing the amount of pink protein to be added to reproduce the color of strawberry commercial products, ranged between 1.6 mg/L and 49.5 mg/L, being sufficiently low in all samples. Additionally, color stability during a short period of cold storage was studied: it demonstrated that the three tested types of dairy products remained stable throughout the 11-day analysis period with no significant changes. These results prove the potential of the B-phycoerythrin extract as a natural colorant and alternative ingredient to synthetic coloring molecules.

scholarly journals Modified Rhamnogalacturonan-Rich Apple Pectin-Derived Structures: The Relation between Their Structural Characteristics and Emulsifying and Emulsion-Stabilizing Properties

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1586
Author(s):  
Jessika N. Humerez-Flores ◽  
Sarah H. E. Verkempinck ◽  
Clare Kyomugasho ◽  
Paula Moldenaers ◽  
Ann M. Van Loey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Apple Pectin ◽  
Oil Droplets ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Subsequent Acid

In the context of the increasing interest in natural food ingredients, the emulsifying and emulsion-stabilizing properties of three rhamnogalacturonan-rich apple pectin-derived samples were assessed by evaluating a range of physicochemical properties. An apple pectin (AP74) was structurally modified by a β-eliminative reaction to obtain a RG-I-rich pectin sample (AP-RG). Subsequent acid hydrolysis of AP-RG led to the generation of pectin material with partially removed side chains (in particular arabinose depleted) (AP-RG-hydrolyzed), thus exhibiting differences in rhamnose, arabinose, and galactose in comparison to AP-RG. All samples exhibited surface activity to some extent, especially under acidic conditions (pH 2.5). Furthermore, the viscosity of the samples was assessed in relation to their emulsion-stabilizing properties. In a stability study, it was observed that the non-degraded AP74 sample at pH 2.5 exhibited the best performance among all the apple pectin-derived samples evaluated. This emulsion presented relatively small oil droplets upon emulsion production and was less prone to creaming than the emulsions stabilized by the (lower molecular weight) RG-I-rich materials. The AP-RG and AP-RG-hydrolyzed samples presented a slightly better emulsion stability at pH 6.0 than at pH 2.5. Yet, neither pectin sample was considered having good emulsifying and emulsion-stabilizing properties, indicated by the presence of coalesced and flocculated oil droplets.

scholarly journals A complementary food supplement from local food ingredients to enhance iron intake among children aged 6–59 months in Benin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Affonfere ◽  
Flora Josiane Chadare ◽  
Finagnon Toyi Kévin Fassinou ◽  
Elise F. Talsma ◽  
Anita R. Linnemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Food ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Complementary Food ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
Food Ingredients

scholarly journals Plant Foods and Underutilized Fruits as Source of Functional Food Ingredients: Chemical Composition, Quality Traits, and Biological Properties

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Donno ◽  
Federica Turrini
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
Health Promoting

Changes in lifestyle and demographics, rising consumer incomes, and shifting preferences due to advanced knowledge about the relationships between food and health contribute to generate new needs in the food supply. Today, the role of food is not only intended as hunger satisfaction and nutrient supply but also as an opportunity to prevent nutrition-related diseases and improve physical and mental well-being. For this reason, there is a growing interest in the novel or less well-known plant foods that offer an opportunity for health maintenance. Recently, interest in plant foods and underutilized fruits is continuously growing, and agrobiodiversity exploitation offers effective and extraordinary potentialities. Plant foods could be an important source of health-promoting compounds and functional food ingredients with beneficial properties: the description of the quality and physicochemical traits, the identification and quantification of bioactive compounds, and the evaluation of their biological activities are important to assess plant food efficacy as functional foods or source of food supplement ingredients.

Determination and Quantitation of Residual Solvents in Natural Food Ingredients Using a Static Headspace Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection and Mass Spectrometric Detection Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 1573-1581
Author(s):  
FADWA AL-TAHER ◽  
BORIS NEMZER
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Detection ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Flame Ionization Detection ◽  
Static Headspace ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Residual Solvents ◽  
Ionization Detection ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Relative Standard

ABSTRACT The determination of residual solvents is critical for quality control in food production and manufacturing processes. A gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric detection (MSD) method was developed and validated to complement the static headspace flame ionization detection (FID) technique for identification, confirmation, and quantitation of solvent residues in botanicals, using Coffeeberry extract and pomegranate powder as test samples. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 12% were obtained for residual solvents in water and dimethyl sulfoxide. Coffeeberry extract supplemented with10 μg/g of Residual Solvents Class 3 Mix showed MSD and FID recoveries mainly of 91 to 121% and 77 to 110%, respectively, while those samples supplemented with 100 μg/g of Residual Solvents Class 3 Mix displayed MSD and FID recoveries of 105 to 123% and 87 to 112%, respectively. For pomegranate samples supplemented with 10 μg/g of Residual Solvents Class 3 Mix, MSD and FID recoveries of 95 to 124% and 72 to 151% were observed, respectively. Those samples supplemented with 100 μg/g of Residual Solvents Class 3 Mix exhibited MSD and FID recoveries of 109 to 135% and 97 to 127%, respectively. Thus, the developed procedure was demonstrated to be suitable for the analysis of residual solvents in natural food ingredients and is expected to find numerous industrial applications (e.g., process control and impurity detection in final products).

scholarly journals A Pilot Study of a Natural Food Supplement as New Possible Therapeutic Approach in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalisa Noce ◽  
Alessio Bocedi ◽  
Margherita Campo ◽  
Giulia Marrone ◽  
Manuela Di Lauro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Inflammatory Status

The identification of natural bioactive compounds, able to counteract the abnormal increase of oxidative stress and inflammatory status in chronic degenerative non-communicable diseases is useful for the clinical management of these conditions. We tested an oral food supplement (OFS), chemically characterized and evaluated for in vitro and in vivo activity. Vitamin C, analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector (HPLC-DAD), was 0.19 mg/g in rosehip dry extract and 15.74 mg/capsule in the OFS. The identification of polyphenols was performed by HPLC-DAD; the total antioxidant capacity was assessed by Folin–Ciocalteu test. Total polyphenols were 14.73 mg/g gallic acid equivalents (GAE) for rosehip extract and 1.93 mg/g GAE for OFS. A total of 21 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and 10 healthy volunteers were recruited. The evaluation of routine laboratory and inflammatory parameters, erythrocyte glutathione transferase (e-GST), human oxidized serum albumin (HSAox), and assessment of body composition were performed at two different times, at baseline and after 5 weeks of OFS assumption. In the study, we highlighted a significant decrease of traditional inflammatory biomarkers (such as C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, platelet to lymphocyte ratio) and other laboratory parameters like e-GST, azotaemia, and albuminuria after OFS treatment in CKD patients. Moreover, we demonstrated a lipid profile improvement in CKD patients after OFS supplementation.

The Regulation of Natural Food Dyes Curcumin on the Amyloidogenic Pathway of APP

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 1160-1163
Author(s):  
Xiong Zhang ◽  
Jie Yun Sun ◽  
Hong Mei Zhang ◽  
Lu Si ◽  
Yu Li
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Dose Time ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Food Dyes

As a promising prevention and therapeutic intervention in Alzheimer’s disease, natural food dyes curcumin could obviously inhibit the generation of Aβ, but the mechanism is not fully defined. This study aims to investigate the effects of curcumin on the amyloidogenic pathway of APP in vitro. Plasmids APPswe and BACE1-mychis were transiently co-transfected into SH-SY5Y and HEK293 cells. Then, they were treated with curcumin at 0, 1.25, 5, 20 μmol/L for 24 h, or with curcumin at 5μmol/L for 0, 12, 24 and 48 h for the time course assay. Our findings showed that curcumin could inhibit the expression of the APP at mRNA level; the expression of the BACE1 and C99 at mRNA and protein levels, furthermore it could inhibit the generation of Aβ40/42, and those changes were dose-time dependent (p<0.05). Our study indicates that Aβ40/42 generation inhibition effect of curcumin might due to its influence on amyloidogenic pathway. This may provide important experimental basis for AD treatment with curcumin.

scholarly journals Automated Online Flow Cytometry Advances Microalgal Ecosystem Management as in situ, High-Temporal Resolution Monitoring Tool

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Haberkorn ◽  
Cosima L. Off ◽  
Michael D. Besmer ◽  
Leandro Buchmann ◽  
Alexander Mathys
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Biotechnological Production ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Bioprocess Optimization ◽  
Related Population

Microalgae are emerging as a next-generation biotechnological production system in the pharmaceutical, biofuel, and food domain. The economization of microalgal biorefineries remains a main target, where culture contamination and prokaryotic upsurge are main bottlenecks to impair culture stability, reproducibility, and consequently productivity. Automated online flow cytometry (FCM) is gaining momentum as bioprocess optimization tool, as it allows for spatial and temporal landscaping, real-time investigations of rapid microbial processes, and the assessment of intrinsic cell features. So far, automated online FCM has not been applied to microalgal ecosystems but poses a powerful technology for improving the feasibility of microalgal feedstock production through in situ, real-time, high-temporal resolution monitoring. The study lays the foundations for an application of automated online FCM implying far-reaching applications to impel and facilitate the implementation of innovations targeting at microalgal bioprocesses optimization. It shows that emissions collected on the FL1/FL3 fluorescent channels, harnessing nucleic acid staining and chlorophyll autofluorescence, enable a simultaneous assessment (quantitative and diversity-related) of prokaryotes and industrially relevant phototrophic Chlorella vulgaris in mixed ecosystems of different complexity over a broad concentration range (2.2–1,002.4 cells ⋅μL–1). Automated online FCM combined with data analysis relying on phenotypic fingerprinting poses a powerful tool for quantitative and diversity-related population dynamics monitoring. Quantitative data assessment showed that prokaryotic growth phases in engineered and natural ecosystems were characterized by different growth speeds and distinct peaks. Diversity-related population monitoring based on phenotypic fingerprinting indicated that prokaryotic upsurge in mixed cultures was governed by the dominance of single prokaryotic species. Automated online FCM is a powerful tool for microalgal bioprocess optimization owing to its adaptability to myriad phenotypic assays and its compatibility with various cultivation systems. This allows advancing bioprocesses associated with both microalgal biomass and compound production. Hence, automated online FCM poses a viable tool with applications across multiple domains within the biobased sector relying on single cell–based value chains.

Mechanisms of Natural Food Dyes Curcumin on Regulation of HO-1/HO-2 and Inhibition of Aβ-Heme Compound in Alzheimer's Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 1148-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong Zhang ◽  
Yang Lü ◽  
Jie Yun Sun ◽  
Yong Tang ◽  
Li Yu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Food Dyes ◽  
Amyloid Aβ ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

More and more studies have reported that β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced oxidative stress and protein metabolism disorders along with their interactions are likely to be the key factors to the pathogenesis of Alzheimers disease (AD). Heme oxygenase (HO) is one member of stress responsive enzyme super family and is a joint of many hypothesis for AD, while oxidative stress, iron metabolism disorders and Aβ deposition are closely related with HO. Therefore, HO is expected to become a therapeutic target for AD. HO-1 and HO-2 are the main members of HO family, and keep dynamic balance. In normal aging brain tissues, the expression of HO-2 is high, and that of HO-1 is low; while in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of AD patients, the expression of HO-1 is significantly increased. This phenomenon indicates that HO-1 has a protective effect to the neurons from the oxidative stress. Furthermore, heme and Aβ could form Aβ-heme compound, which is a peroxidase complex, which increase the oxidative damage to neurons. Recently, Curcumin has been shown cytoprotective properties by inducing HO-1 and by preventing the formation of Aβ-heme in neurons; however, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear to date. Therefore, there has been great interest in understanding the molecular mechanisms based on curcumin acts on.

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