scholarly journals Optimisation of Stingless Bee Honey Nanoemulsions Using Response Surface Methodology

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2133
Author(s):  
Azri Shahir Rozman ◽  
Norhashila Hashim ◽  
Bernard Maringgal ◽  
Khalina Abdan
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Nanoemulsions (NEs) have been used in a wide range of products, such as those produced by the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries, due to their stability and long shelf life. In the present study, stingless bee honey (SBH) NEs were formulated using SBH, oleic acid, tween 80, glycerol, and double-distilled water. SBH NEs were prepared using a high-pressure homogeniser and were characterised by observing their stability and droplet size. Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR) analysis was used to observe the functional groups of the SBH NEs after being subjected to high-pressure homogenisation. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images were then used to confirm the particle size of the SBH NEs and to investigate their morphology. The effects of the independent variables (percentage of oleic acid, storage time, and storage temperature) on the response variables (particle size and polydispersity index) were investigated using the response surface methodology, along with a three-level factorial design. The results showed that the models developed via the response surface methodology were reliable, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of more than 0.90. The experimental validation indicated an error of less than 10% in the actual results compared to the predicted results. The FTIR analysis showed that SBH NEs have the same functional group as SBH. Observation through TEM indicated that the SBH NEs had a similar particle size, which was between 10 and 100 nm. Thus, this study shows that SBH NEs can be developed using a high-pressure homogeniser, which indicates a new direction for SBH by-products.

Analysis by response surface methodology of gold nanoparticles obtained by green chemical reduction using aqueous coffee pulp extract (Coffea arabica)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galileo Bonilla-Nepomuceno ◽  
Maria Antonieta Rios-Corripio ◽  
Fernando C. Gomez-Merino ◽  
Miguel Angel Mendez-Rojas ◽  
Leslie Susana Arcila-Lozano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Therapeutic Area ◽  
Coffee Pulp ◽  
Wide Range

Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using an aqueous coffee (<i>Coffea arabica</i>) pulp extract as a reducing agent was achieved and analyzed by response surface methodology, given the diverse applicability of these nanoparticles containing a wide range of phenolic compounds from the coffee pulp extract. Three factors (precursor concentration, reducing agent concentration, and reaction time) were considered and their combined effects on the maximum intensity (<i>MA</i>), particle size (<i>d</i>), and particle density (<i>N</i>) were analyzed. An opposing effect between the precursor and reducing agent was observed during synthesis because while the precursor increased <i>d</i> and diminished <i>N</i>, the reducing agent diminished <i>d</i> and increased <i>N</i>. These effects were observed simultaneously through the response surfaces of <i>d</i> and <i>N</i>. This methodology allowed the synthesis of nanoparticles with an average particle size between 5–22 nm and <i>N</i> around 2.9x10<sup>11</sup>−3.7x10<sup>13</sup> (part/mL), depending on the response surface methodology, Box-Behnken design. The R<sup>2</sup> value determined for all cases was 0.98 (<i>MA</i>), 0.99 (<i>d</i>), and 0.97 (<i>N</i>), clearly indicating that the model can be used to predict or design the response variables in the design space. Finally, Fourier transform infrared measurements showed that the organic compounds present in the aqueous coffee pulp extract were coating the surface of the gold nanoparticles. The proposed methodology could contribute to the design of new alternatives for the synthesis of specific nanostructures with potential applications in the therapeutic area.

scholarly journals Optimization of Crude Oil and PAHs Degradation by Stenotrophomonas rhizophila KX082814 Strain through Response Surface Methodology Using Box-Behnken Design

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen Kumar Siddalingappa Virupakshappa ◽  
Manjunatha Bukkambudhi Krishnaswamy ◽  
Gaurav Mishra ◽  
Mohammed Ameenuddin Mehkri
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Rhizophila ◽  
Crude Oil Removal

The present paper describes the process optimization study for crude oil degradation which is a continuation of our earlier work on hydrocarbon degradation study of the isolate Stenotrophomonas rhizophila (PM-1) with GenBank accession number KX082814. Response Surface Methodology with Box-Behnken Design was used to optimize the process wherein temperature, pH, salinity, and inoculum size (at three levels) were used as independent variables and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon, Biological Oxygen Demand, and Chemical Oxygen Demand of crude oil and PAHs as dependent variables (response). The statistical analysis, via ANOVA, showed coefficient of determination R2 as 0.7678 with statistically significant P value 0.0163 fitting in second-order quadratic regression model for crude oil removal. The predicted optimum parameters, namely, temperature, pH, salinity, and inoculum size, were found to be 32.5°C, 9, 12.5, and 12.5 mL, respectively. At this optimum condition, the observed and predicted PAHs and crude oil removal were found to be 71.82% and 79.53% in validation experiments, respectively. The % TPH results correlate with GC/MS studies, BOD, COD, and TPC. The validation of numerical optimization was done through GC/MS studies and   % removal of crude oil.

scholarly journals Optimization of the extraction of natural phenolic antioxidants from the seeds of Tamarindus indica L. - an undervalued by product of food processing - using response surface methodology

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atreyi Sarkar ◽  
Uma Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Phenolic Antioxidants ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Solvent Concentration ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

The seeds of Tamarindus indica are known to possess a wide range of phenolic compounds with high antioxidant activity as measured by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). In the present study, the optimum conditions for the extraction of crude phenolic antioxidants from Tamarind seed were determined using response surface methodology (RSM). A central composite design (CCD) was used to investigate the effects of four independent variables, namely concentration of extractable solids in solvent (g/ml; X1), extraction time (h; X2), extraction temperature (°C; X3) and solvent concentration (%, v/v; X4) on the responses of total polyphenol content (TPC) and FRAP. The CCD consisted of 30 experimental runs. A second-order polynomial model was used for predicting the responses. Canonical analysis of the surface responses revealed that the predicted optimal conditions for the maximal yield of TPC and FRAP were concentration of extractable solids in solvent of 0.049 g/ml, extraction time of 3.24 h, extraction temperature of 45 °C and a solvent concentration of 50%. The experimental values in the optimised condition coincided with the predicted ones within a 95% confidence interval, hence indicating the suitability of the model and the success of RSM in optimizing the extraction parameters.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF REFLUX EXTRACTION FOR CAESALPINIA SAPPAN LINN. WOOD BY USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Mohd Azahar Mohd Ariff ◽  
Muhammad Syafiq Abd Jalil ◽  
Noor ‘Aina Abdul Razak ◽  
Jefri Jaapar
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Caesalpinia Sappan ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Repeated Runs

Caesalpinia sappan linn. (CSL) is a plant which is also known as Sepang tree contains various medicinal values such as to treat diarrhea, skin rashes, syphilis, jaundice, drinking water for blood purifying, diabetes, and to improve skin complexion. The aim of this study is to obtain the most optimum condition in terms of the ratio of sample to solvent, particle size, and extraction time to get the highest amount of concentration of the CSL extract. In this study, the ranges of each parameters used were: ratio sample to solvent: 1.0:20, 1.5:20, 2.0:20, 2.5:20, 3.0:20, particle size: 1 mm, 500 um, 250 um, 125 um, 63 um, and extraction time: 1 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, 5 hr. The concentration was analyzed using a UV-vis spectrophotometer. The optimum conditions were obtained by response surface methodology. From the design, 20 samples were run throughout this experiment. The optimized value from the RSM were 2.0:20 for ratio sample to solvent, 125 µm of particle size and 2.48 hours with the concentration of 37.1184 ppm. The accuracy of the predictive model was validated with 2 repeated runs and the mean percentage error was less than 3%. This confirmed the model’s capability for optimizing the conditions for the reflux extraction of CSL’s wood.

Optimization of high pressure homogenization parameters for the isolation of cellulosic nanofibers using response surface methodology

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalda Davoudpour ◽  
Sohrab Hossain ◽  
H.P.S. Abdul Khalil ◽  
M.K. Mohamad Haafiz ◽  
Z.A. Mohd Ishak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization

scholarly journals Optimization of an Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Condition for Flavonoid Compounds from Cocoa Shells (Theobroma cacao) Using Response Surface Methodology

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arief Md Yusof ◽  
Siti Abd Gani ◽  
Uswatun Zaidan ◽  
Mohd Halmi ◽  
Badrul Zainudin
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Ultrasound Irradiation ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Experimental Values

This study investigates the ultrasound-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Malaysian cocoa shell extracts, and optimization using response surface methodology. There are three variables involved in this study, namely: ethanol concentration (70–90 v/v %), temperature (45–65 °C), and ultrasound irradiation time (30–60 min). All of the data were collected and analyzed for variance (ANOVA). The coefficient of determination (R2) and the model was significant in interaction between all variables (98% and p < 0.0001, respectively). In addition, the lack of fit test for the model was not of significance, with p > 0.0684. The ethanol concentration, temperature, and ultrasound irradiation time that yielded the maximum value of the total flavonoid content (TFC; 7.47 mg RE/g dried weight (DW)) was 80%, 55 °C, and 45 min, respectively. The optimum value from the validation of the experimental TFC was 7.23 ± 0.15 mg of rutin, equivalent per gram of extract with ethanol concentration, temperature, and ultrasound irradiation time values of 74.20%, 49.99 °C, and 42.82 min, respectively. While the modelled equation fits the data, the T-test is not significant, suggesting that the experimental values agree with those predicted by the response surface methodology models.

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