Bioactive Compounds and Bioactivities of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is a common and widely used spice. It is rich in various chemical constituents, including phenolic compounds, terpenes, polysaccharides, lipids, organic acids, and raw fibers. The health benefits of ginger are mainly attributed to its phenolic compounds, such as gingerols and shogaols. Accumulated investigations have demonstrated that ginger possesses multiple biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, neuroprotective, cardiovascular protective, respiratory protective, antiobesity, antidiabetic, antinausea, and antiemetic activities. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the bioactive compounds and bioactivities of ginger, and the mechanisms of action are also discussed. We hope that this updated review paper will attract more attention to ginger and its further applications, including its potential to be developed into functional foods or nutraceuticals for the prevention and management of chronic diseases.

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Antimicrobial activity of species Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum. (Zingiberaceae) - Review

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n4p1849 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 1849

Author(s):

Andréia Assunção Soares ◽

Ezilda Jacomassi ◽

Rosana Da Mata ◽

Karoline Franciani Cardoso Lopes ◽

Jessé Lahos Borges ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Plant Metabolites ◽

Zingiber Officinale Roscoe ◽

Red Ginger ◽

Alpinia Purpurata

The functionality of nutraceutical foods is attributed to their bioactive compounds. These compounds are widely produced by plants, such as phenolic compounds, which have antioxidant activity and/or antimicrobial activity, acting against damage to macromolecules such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Secondary plant metabolites, including classes such as phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and terpenoids, have a wide variety of biological activities with medicinal potential. These secondary metabolites are considered bioactive compounds. The Zingiberaceae family received special attention for their large bioactive compound production. Such compounds are useful in foods as herbs, spices, flavorings, and seasonings and in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries as antioxidants and antimicrobials. Gingers are recognized as safe by the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA), resulting in no side effects when consumed in moderate amounts. Recent studies show that, in addition to rhizomes, the leaves and flowers of some ginger species have antioxidant activity and consequent medicinal potential. Studies have demonstrated that in vitro and in vivo research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of ginger extracts and understand their role in the modulation of biological and molecular pathways, thus enabling the development of new therapeutic strategies. Thereby, the present work aims to provide a bibliographic review on the antimicrobial activity of Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum. (Zingiberaceae), popularly known as ginger and red ginger respectively, and their potential use in the One Health initiative.

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Prunella vulgaris: A Comprehensive Review of Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological Effects and Clinical Applications

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612825666190313121608 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 359-369 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Su-Juan Wang ◽

Xiao-He Wang ◽

Yuan-Yuan Dai ◽

Ming-Hua Ma ◽

Khalid Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Perennial Herb ◽

Prunella Vulgaris

Prunella vulgaris (PV) is a perennial herb belonging to the Labiate family and is widely distributed in the northeastern Asian countries such as Korea, Japan, and China. It is reported to display diverse biological activities including anti-microbial, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammation as determined by in vitro or in vivo studies. So far, about 200 compounds have been isolated from PV plant and a majority of these have been characterized mainly as triterpenoids, sterols and flavonoids, followed by coumarins, phenylpropanoids, polysaccharides and volatile oils. This review summarizes and analyzes the current knowledge on the chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, mechanisms of action and clinical applications of the PV plant including its potential as a future medicinal plant. Although some of the chemical constituents of the PV plant and their mechanisms of action have been investigated, the biological activities of many of these remain unknown and further clinical trials are required to further enhance its reputation as a medicinal plant.

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PHARMACEUTICAL POTENTIAL OF LABORATORY GROWN CULTURES OF BLUE-GREEN ALGAE: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW AND FUTURE POSSIBILITIES

Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.18006/2021.9(5).543.571 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 543-571

Author(s):

Ritu Chauhan ◽

◽

Abhishek Chauhan ◽

Ashutosh Tripathi ◽

Anuj Ranjan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Green Algae ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽

Blue Green Algae ◽

Green Algal ◽

Algal Group ◽

Diverse Application

COVID-19 pandemic has taught the world researchers the urgent need for new sources and novel pharmaceuticals not only for existing diseases but also for both seasonal epidemics and future pandemics. Pharmaceutical drug discoveries for the past fifty years depended deeply on the procedure of empirical transmission of a huge number of pure bioactive compounds to provide new leads. The screening of extracts or isolating compounds is a common way to discover novel biologically active molecules. Most of the valuable Blue-Green algal metabolites are concentrated in their biomass. For existence in nature, Blue-Green algae (BGA) secrete and contain various organic substances like proteins, fatty acids, vitamins, pigments, primary and secondary metabolites, and these compounds are explored for potential biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral (including the anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19), anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, protease inhibitory activity, anti-inflammatory activity, etc. Due to their diverse application, pharmaceutical companies have shown commercial interest in the Blue-green algal group for the discovery and development of novel molecules to combat deadly diseases for the benefit of society and mankind. The current review paper highlights and discusses the diverse pharmaceutical potential of laboratory-grown cultures of BGA along with comprehensive and current knowledge on bioactive compounds discovered by researchers globally.

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The role of encapsulant materials on the stability of bioactive compounds of red ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe. var. Rubrum) extract powder during storage

Food Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127490 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 333 ◽

pp. 127490

Author(s):

Bambang Nurhadi ◽

Suriati ◽

Tensiska ◽

Rudy Adi Saputra ◽

Nandi Sukri

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Zingiber Officinale Roscoe ◽

The Stability ◽

Red Ginger

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Enzyme-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)

Food Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.01.099 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 139 (1-4) ◽

pp. 509-514 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

K.L. Nagendra chari ◽

D. Manasa ◽

P. Srinivas ◽

H.B. Sowbhagya

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Zingiber Officinale Roscoe ◽

Enzyme Assisted Extraction

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Loranthus micranthusLinn.: Biological Activities and Phytochemistry

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/273712 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Soheil Zorofchian Moghadamtousi ◽

Maryam Hajrezaei ◽

Habsah Abdul Kadir ◽

Keivan Zandi

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Mineral Nutrition ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Pharmacological Properties ◽

Host Trees ◽

Trees And Shrubs ◽

Respective Host

Loranthus micranthusLinn. is a medicinal plant from the Loranthaceae family commonly known as an eastern Nigeria species of the African mistletoe and is widely used in folkloric medicine to cure various ailments and diseases. It is semiparasitic plant because of growing on various host trees and shrubs and absorbing mineral nutrition and water from respective host. Hence, the phytochemicals and biological activities ofL. micranthusdemonstrated strong host and harvesting period dependency. The leaves have been proved to possess immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antioxidant, antidiarrhoeal, and hypolipidemic activities. This review summarizes the information and findings concerning the current knowledge on the biological activities, pharmacological properties, toxicity, and chemical constituents ofLoranthus micranthus.

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A systematic review of the anti-obesity and weight lowering effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and its mechanisms of action

Phytotherapy Research ◽

10.1002/ptr.5986 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 577-585 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Vahideh Ebrahimzadeh Attari ◽

Aida Malek Mahdavi ◽

Zeinab Javadivala ◽

Sepideh Mahluji ◽

Sepideh Zununi Vahed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Lowering Effect ◽

Zingiber Officinale Roscoe

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Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of Species from the GenusAjugaL.: A Systematic Review

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x19500502 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (05) ◽

pp. 959-1003 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fei Luan ◽

Keqing Han ◽

Maoxing Li ◽

Ting Zhang ◽

Daoheng Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Current Knowledge ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Control Measures ◽

Neuroprotective Activity ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Data Quality Control ◽

Toxicological Studies ◽

Ethnomedicinal Uses

The present review is aimed at providing a comprehensive summary of the botanical characteristics, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological studies of the genus Ajuga L. The extensive literature survey revealed Ajuga L. species to be a group of important medicinal plants used for the ethnomedical treatment of rheumatism, fever, gout, sclerosis, analgesia, inflammation, hypertension, hyperglycemia, joint pain, palsy, amenorrhea, etc., although only a few reports address the clinical use and toxicity of these plants. Currently, more than 280 chemical constituents have been isolated and characterized from these plants. Among these constituents, neo-clerodane diterpenes and diterpenoids, phytoecdysteroids, flavonoids, and iridoids are the major bioactive compounds, possessing wide-reaching biological activities both in vivo and in vitro, including anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antitumor, anti-oxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antifeedant, antidiarrhoeal, hypolipidemic, diuretic, hypoglycaemic, immunomodulatory, vasorelaxant, larvicidal, antimutagenic, and neuroprotective activity. This review is aimed at summarizing the current knowledge of the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, biological activities, and toxicities of the genus Ajuga L. to reveal its therapeutic potentials, offering opportunities for future researches. Therefore, more focus should be paid to gathering information about their toxicology data, quality-control measures, and the clinical application of the bioactive ingredients from Ajuga L. species.

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Phenolic Content of Brown Algae (Pheophyceae) Species: Extraction, Identification, and Quantification

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom9060244 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 244 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Ivana Generalić Mekinić ◽

Danijela Skroza ◽

Vida Šimat ◽

Imen Hamed ◽

Martina Čagalj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brown Algae ◽

Marine Algae ◽

Review Paper ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Research Groups ◽

The World ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Insight Into

Over the last few decades, isolations and chemical characterizations of secondary metabolites with proved biological activities have been of interest for numerous research groups across the world. Phenolics, as one of the largest and most widely distributed group of phytochemicals, have gained special attention due to their pharmacological activity and array of health-promoting benefits. Reports on phenolic potentials of marine algae, especially brown algae (Pheophyceae) that are characterized by the presence of phlorotannins, are still scarce. The aim of this review paper is to provide an overview of current knowledge about phenolic potential of different brown algae species (74 species from 7 different orders). Studies on brown algae phenolics usually involve few species, thus the focus of this review is to provide information about the phenolic potential of reported algae species and to get an insight into some issues related to the applied extraction procedures and determination/quantification methods to facilitate the comparison of results from different studies. The information provided through this review should be useful for the design and interpretation of studies investigating the brown algae as a source of valuable phytochemicals.

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