scholarly journals Comparison of Morphological and Genetic Characteristics of Avocados Grown in Tanzania

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Juma ◽  
Mulatu Geleta ◽  
Helena Persson Hovmalm ◽  
Agnes Nyomora ◽  
Ganapathi Varma Saripella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
The Government ◽  
Average Gene

Tanzania has been growing avocado for decades. A wide variability of the avocado germplasm has been found, and the crop is largely contributing to the earnings of the farmers, traders, and the government, but its genetic diversity is scantly investigated. With the purpose of comparing morphological and genetic characteristics of this germplasm and uncovering the correlation between them and the geographical location, 226 adult seedling avocado trees were sampled in southwestern Tanzania. Their morphological characters were recorded, and their genetic diversity was evaluated based on 10 microsatellite loci. Discriminant analysis of principal components showed that the germplasm studied consisted of four genetic clusters that had an overall average gene diversity of 0.59 and 15.9% molecular variation among them. Most of the phenotypes were common in at least two clusters. The genetic clusters were also portrayed by multivariate analysis and hierarchical clustering for the molecular data but not for the morphology data. Using the Mantel test, a weak significant correlation was found between the genetic, morphological, and geographical distances, which indicates that the genetic variation present in the material is weakly reflected by the observed phenotypic variation and that both measures of variation varied slightly with the geographical sampling locations.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and morphological variability in Geranium purpureum Vill. (Geraniaceae) of Iran

Genetika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Bozchaloyi ◽  
Masoud Sheidai ◽  
Maryam Keshavarzi ◽  
Zahra Noormohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Geographical Populations ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Genetic Stratification

Genetic variability and populations, structure were studied in 15 geographical populations of Geranium purpureum Vill. (Geraniaceae). Genetic diversity parameters were determined in these populations. AMOVA and Gst analyses revealed the presence of genetic variability within populations and significant molecular difference among the studied populations. Mantel test showed positive significant correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance of the studied populations. STRUCTURE and K-Means clustering revealed populations, genetic stratification. UPGMA dendrogram of populations based on morphological characters was in agreement with NJ tree of molecular data. These results indicated that geographical populations of G. purpureum are well differentiated both in genetic content as well as morphological characteristics. Consensus tree based on morphological and genetic data separated some of these populations from the others suggesting the existence of ecotypes within this species.

Genetic Diversity of Wild Oat (Avena fatua)Populations from China and the United States

Weed Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runzhi Li ◽  
Shiwen Wang ◽  
Liusheng Duan ◽  
Zhaohu Li ◽  
Michael J. Christoffers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Chinese Populations ◽  
Nei's Distance ◽  
The Impact

Weed genetic diversity is important for understanding the ability of weeds to adapt to different environments and the impact of herbicide selection on weed populations. Genetic diversity within and among six wild oat populations in China varying in herbicide selection pressure and one population in North Dakota were surveyed using 64 polymorphic alleles resulting from 25 microsatellite loci. Mean Nei's gene diversity (h) for six wild oat populations from China was between 0.17 and 0.21, and total diversity (HT) was 0.23. A greater proportion of this diversity, however, was within (Hs= 0.19) rather than among (Gst= 0.15) populations. For the wild oat population from the United States,h= 0.24 andHT= 0.24 were comparable to the values for the six populations from China. Cluster analysis divided the seven populations into two groups, where one group was the United States population and the other group included the six Chinese populations. The genetic relationships among six populations from China were weakly correlated with their geographic distribution (r= 0.22) using the Mantel test. Minimal difference in gene diversity and small genetic distance (Nei's distance 0.07 or less) among six populations from China are consistent with wide dispersal of wild oat in the 1980s. Our results indicate that the wild oat populations in China are genetically diverse at a level similar to North America, and the genetic diversity of wild oat in the broad spatial scale is not substantially changed by environment, agronomic practices, or herbicide usage.

scholarly journals Morphological and genetic diversity of Senecio vulgaris L. (Asteraceae) in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Ebadi ◽  
Rosa Eftekharian
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Cauline Leaf ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Principal Coordinates

Senecio vulgaris L., an annual herb belonging to the Asteraceae, is widely distributed in different regions of the world. There is no information on the intraspecific variations of the morphological and molecular features of this species. In the present investigation, we studied the morphological and genetic diversity of 81 accessions of S. vulgaris collected from 10 geographical populations. Eleven inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers were used for the examination of genetic variations among the populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and GST analyses revealed significant differences among the investigated populations. A significant correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance was revealed by the Mantel test. However, reticulation analysis indicated the occurrence of gene flow among most of the populations studied. Principal component analysis (PCA) plot showed that the number of capitula, length of the cauline leaf and plant height were the most variable morphological characters. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) plot revealed two groups of populations, according to molecular and morphological data. The results suggested the existence of possible intraspecific taxonomic ranks within this species.

scholarly journals Comparison of Genetic Diversity in Naturally Regenerated Norway Spruce Stands and Seed Orchard Progeny Trials

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dainis Ruņģis ◽  
Solveiga Luguza ◽  
Endijs Bāders ◽  
Vilnis Šķipars ◽  
Āris Jansons
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Naturally Regenerated Stands ◽  
Average Gene ◽  
Environmental Events

Forest ecosystems in Europe are expected to experience changes in temperature and water regimes associated with increased risks of extreme environmental events and disasters. Genetic diversity and relatedness has been linked to resilience of forest stands and landscapes. Genetic diversity indicators were compared between a Norway spruce population naturally regenerated after extensive windthrow and Norway spruce progeny populations derived from two seed orchards. In addition, genetic diversity in an undisturbed stand in a long established national park and a spruce genetic resource stand were analyzed. Populations were genotyped at 11 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Average genetic diversity indicators were similar across populations. However, the total number of alleles, average number of alleles over all loci, effective number of alleles, average gene diversity, and average allelic richness were highest in the naturally regenerated population and lowest in one of the seed orchard progeny populations. The genetic diversity in progeny from seed orchards used for stand renewal is comparable to the genetic diversity in naturally regenerated stands. However, fluctuations in seed production between years can have a large impact on genetic diversity in seed orchard progeny. The use of improved Norway spruce germplasm deployed via clonal seed orchards for forest renewal can maintain similar levels of genetic diversity compared to naturally regenerated stands, while also increasing production and timber quality.

Genetic diversity and population structure of Vigna exilis and Vigna grandiflora (Phaseoleae, Fabaceae) from Thailand based on microsatellite variation

Botany ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 653-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anochar Kaewwongwal ◽  
Arunee Jetsadu ◽  
Prakit Somta ◽  
Sompong Chankaew ◽  
Peerasak Srinives
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Allelic Richness ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Microsatellite Variation ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
Simple Sequence

The objective of this research was to determine the genetic diversity and population structure of natural populations of two rare wild species of Asian Vigna (Phaseoleae, Fabaceae), Vigna exilis Tateishi & Maxted and Vigna grandiflora (Prain) Tateishi & Maxted, from Thailand. Employing 21 simple sequence repeat markers, 107 and 85 individuals from seven and five natural populations of V. exilis and V. grandiflora, respectively, were analyzed. In total, the markers detected 196 alleles for V. exilis and 219 alleles for V. grandiflora. Vigna exilis populations showed lower average values in number of alleles, allelic richness, observed heterozygosity, gene diversity, and outcrossing rate than V. grandiflora populations, namely 58.00% versus 114.60%, 51.96% versus 74.80%, 0.02% versus 0.18%, 0.40% versus 0.66%, and 3.24% versus 17.41%, respectively. Pairwise FST among populations demonstrated that V. exilis was much more differentiated than V. grandiflora. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that 41.83% and 15.06% of total variation resided among the populations of V. exilis and V. grandiflora, respectively. Seven and two genetic clusters were detected for V. grandiflora and V. exilis by STRUCTURE analysis. Our findings suggest that different strategies are required for in situ conservation of the two species. All V. exilis populations, or as many as possible, should be conserved to protect genetic resources of this species, while a few V. grandiflora populations can capture the majority of its genetic variation.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes through SSR markers

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Islam ◽  
MS Haque ◽  
RM Emon ◽  
MM Islam ◽  
SN Begum
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Allele Number ◽  
Average Gene

A study was undertaken to examine the genetic diversity of 12 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes, using 4 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). A total of 10 alleles were found. Allele number per locus ranged from 2 to 4 with an average of 2.5. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.2755 to 0.5411 with an average of 0.3839. The average gene diversity over all SSR loci for the 12 wheat genotypes was 0.4688, ranging from 0.3299 to 0.6042. Cluster analysis based on microsatellite allelic diversity discriminated the varieties into different clusters. Genetic diversity was the highest between variety Gourab and Akbar as well as Gourab and BAW-1064, showing a genetic distance value of 0.4697. The genetic distance was lowest between Balaka and Aghrani as well as Triticale and BAW-1036. Positive correlations were found between gene diversity, number of alleles, the allele size range and the types of repeat motif of microsatellite markers. It was found from this study that microsatellite markers could characterize and discriminate all of the genotypes. More primers should be used for saturation of different regions in further studies. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(3): 389-398, September 2012 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i3.12082

scholarly journals Molecular techniques in the assessment of genetic relationships between populations of Consolida (Ranunculaceae)

Caryologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-161
Author(s):  
Jing Ma ◽  
Wenyan Fan ◽  
Shujun Jiang ◽  
Xiling Yang ◽  
Wenshuai Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
High Genetic Diversity

Genetic diversity studies are essential to understand the conservation and management of plant resources in any environment. The genus Consolida (DC.) Gray (Ranuculaceae) belongs to tribe Delphinieae. It comprises approximately 52 species, including the members of the genus Aconitella Spach. No detailed Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) studies were conducted to study Consolida genetic diversity. Therefore, we collected and analyzed 19 species from 12 provinces of regions. Overall, one hundred and twenty-seven plant specimens were collected. We showed significant differences in quantitative morphological characters in plant species. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean and principal component analysis (PCA) divided Consolida species into two groups. All primers produced polymorphic amplicons though the extent of polymorphism varied with each primer. The primer OPA-06 was found to be most powerful and efficient as it generated a total of 24 bands of which 24 were polymorphic. The Mantel test showed correlation (r = 0.34, p=0.0002) between genetic and geographical distances. We reported high genetic diversity, which clearly shows the Consolida species can adapt to changing environments since high genetic diversity is linked to species adaptability. Present results highlighted the utility of RAPD markers and morphometry methods to investigate genetic diversity in Consolida species. Our aims were 1) to assess genetic diversity among Consolida species 2) is there a correlation between species genetic and geographical distance? 3) Genetic structure of populations and taxa.

scholarly journals Species relationship and genetic diversity in some Iranian Lamium L. species using ISSR markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
FATEMEH AZIMISHAD ◽  
MASOUD SHEIDAI ◽  
SAYED MEHDI TALEBI ◽  
ZAHRA NOORMOHAMMADI
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Species Relationships ◽  
Species Relationship

Abstract. Azimishad F, Sheidai M, Talebi SM, Noormohammadi Z. 2019. Species relationship and genetic diversity in some Iranian Lamium L. species using ISSR markers. Biodiversitas 20: 1963-1972. Lamium is a widespread and taxonomically complex genus of Lamiaceae which comprises of 16-38 species. This genus is represented in Iran by nine species. In the present study, we used morphological and molecular (ISSR, Cp DNA, and nrITS) data to evaluate species relationships, genetic diversity and population genetic structure of the genus. 27 morphological characteristics, including 13 qualitative and 14 quantitative, and ten ISSR markers were used for morphological and genetical evaluation of 73 accessions from eight taxa. In general, species relationships obtained from morphological and molecular data were largely congruent. In the morphological study, characteristics like the life form, leaf shape, absence/existence of bracts and shape of corolla, were distinctive traits and we did not encounter intermediate forms. Our findings indicated a very high efficiency of the ISSR markers in the identification and delimitation of Lamium species. These results confirmed the placement of L. galeobdolon in the genus Lamium and segregation of L. purpureum and L. garganicum in section Lamium. AMOVA analysis revealed that the species of this genus are genetically differentiated. Nm analysis showed very low value of gene flow among the studied species and mantel test indicated isolation by distance occurred among them.

scholarly journals Evaluation of nutraceuticals including vitamin B12 and xenobiotic degradation capacity of Pleurotus species

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yashvant Patel ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Vishwakarma ◽  
Kumari Sunita
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dye Degradation ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Crude Enzyme Extract ◽  
Information Index ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Laccase Enzyme ◽  
Average Gene

AbstractDiverse edaphic zone (namely: usar, wastelands, forest area, wetlands, flood prone area and fertile lands) were identified in the eastern part of Uttar Pradesh and collected species of Pleurotus for present study. A total of 39 purified isolates were evaluated for the presence of neutraceuticals like proteins, carbohydrates, phenolic and vitamin B12 along with xenobiotic dye degradation capacity for textile dyes (MG and BPB) and production of laccase enzyme simultaneously. Isolate no. 06, appeared most distant in dendrogram having two major clusters, which also showed highest MG degradation capacity, however, other isolates also showed excellent degradation of BPB; and the laccase activity was found in the range of 4.03 to 19.13 IU/ml of crude enzyme extract from mycelia. All the isolates used in the present study, were also mounted for their genetic diversity analysis through RAPD. Diversity study revealed gene frequency from 0.012 to 0.987 and the average gene diversity for all RAPD loci were 0.244. The Shannon Information Index was 0.397. The unbiased genetic similarity among all pairs of isolates was 0.36 to 0.93 with a mean of 0.64. Significant genetic diversity, nutraceuticals and laccase enzyme availability and dye degradation capacity within the studied genus Pleurotus was found, which makes necessary to carry out a selection process in each one for superior selection not only for human being but also many aquatic as well as other terrestrial flora and fauna. Present investigation suggest that due to wide range of variation within species, the adaptation of strains to different edaphic zones must be taken into account in selection processes.

scholarly journals Morphological Characterization and Genetic Diversity Analysis of a Tunisian Durum Wheat (Triticum Turgidum Var. Durum) Collection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maroua Ouaja ◽  
Bochra Amina Bahri ◽  
Lamia Aouini ◽  
Sahbi Ferjaoui ◽  
Maher Medini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Genetic Variations ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
The South ◽  
Population Structure Analysis

Abstract Background: Tunisia is a center of genetic diversity of durum wheat and has a large number of abandoned old local landraces. An accurate investigation and characterization of the morphological and genetic features of these landraces would allow their rehabilitation and use for practical and beneficial purposes. In this context, a collection of 304 local accessions of durum wheat, collected from five regions and three climatic zones of central and southern Tunisia, was studied. Results: Morphological characterization was carried out using 12 spike-related traits and rendered a mean Shannon-Weaver Index (H') of 0.80 indicating the presence of a high level of polymorphism among accessions. Based on these traits 11 local landraces, namely Mahmoudi, Azizi, Jneh Khotifa, Mekki, Biskri, Taganrog, Biada, Badri, Richi, Roussia and Souri were identified. Spike length (H’=0.98) and shape (H’=0.86) with grains size (H’=0.94), form (H’=0.87) and color (H’=0.86) were the most polymorphic morphological traits. The genetic diversity was assessed using 10 SSR markers, with a polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.69. Levels of genetic diversity were generally high, with a Shannon's Information Index (I) of 0.62 and a gene diversity (He) of 0.35. In addition, population structure analysis distinguished 11 genetic groups resulted from STRUCTURE and Mantel test showed a significant correlation between genetic and morphological distances. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed high genetic variations within regions (81%) and wheat subpopulations (41%) showing a considerable amount of admixture between landraces realized by farmers; as well as a moderate (19%) and high (59%) genetic variations among regions and wheat subpopulations, indicating practices of selection pressure conducted by farmers. The Mahmoudi landrace showed spike densities significantly different between the center to the south of Tunisia; notably loose spikes with open glumes in the south and compact ones in the center, which may represent an adaptation form for tolerance to high temperature. Conclusion: Overall, this study highlights the genetic richness of local resources for better in situ or ex situ conservation and for their subsequent use in plant breeding programs.

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