Suprabasin—A Review

Among the ~22,000 human genes, very few remain that have unknown functions. One such example is suprabasin (SBSN). Originally described as a component of the cornified envelope, the function of stratified epithelia-expressed SBSN is unknown. Both the lack of knowledge about the gene role under physiological conditions and the emerging link of SBSN to various human diseases, including cancer, attract research interest. The association of SBSN expression with poor prognosis of patients suffering from oesophageal carcinoma, glioblastoma multiforme, and myelodysplastic syndromes suggests that SBSN may play a role in human tumourigenesis. Three SBSN isoforms code for the secreted proteins with putative function as signalling molecules, yet with poorly described effects. In this first review about SBSN, we summarised the current knowledge accumulated since its original description, and we discuss the potential mechanisms and roles of SBSN in both physiology and pathology.

Download Full-text

Understanding Glioblastoma Biomarkers: Knocking a Mountain with a Hammer

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells9051236 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1236

Author(s):

Malak Hassn Mesrati ◽

Amir Barzegar Behrooz ◽

Asmaa Y. Abuhamad ◽

Amir Syahir

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽

Cancer Stem Cells ◽

Brain Tumors ◽

Therapeutic Approach ◽

Poor Prognosis ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

High Grade ◽

Self Renewal

Gliomas are the most frequent and deadly form of human primary brain tumors. Among them, the most common and aggressive type is the high-grade glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), which rapidly grows and renders patients a very poor prognosis. Meanwhile, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been determined in gliomas and play vital roles in driving tumor growth due to their competency in self-renewal and proliferation. Studies of gliomas have recognized CSCs via specific markers. This review comprehensively examines the current knowledge of the most significant CSCs markers in gliomas in general and in glioblastoma in particular and specifically focuses on their outlook and importance in gliomas CSCs research. We suggest that CSCs should be the superior therapeutic approach by directly targeting the markers. In addition, we highlight the association of these markers with each other in relation to their cascading pathways, and interactions with functional miRNAs, providing the role of the networks axes in glioblastoma signaling pathways.

Download Full-text

Recent Advances on Glioblastoma Multiforme and Nano-drug Carriers: A Review

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867325666180514113136 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (31) ◽

pp. 5862-5874 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wang Liao ◽

Shengnuo Fan ◽

Yuqiu Zheng ◽

Shaowei Liao ◽

Ying Xiong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽

Self Assembly ◽

Poor Prognosis ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Drug Carriers ◽

Therapeutic Resistance ◽

Average Survival ◽

Nano Drug Delivery ◽

New Development

Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent glioma with a poor prognosis. The mainstay treatment for GBM is chemotherapy, but the average survival of GBM remains unsatisfactory due to therapeutic resistance. Poor permeability restricted by the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) and the presence of Glioblastoma Stem Cells (GSCs) remain as two problems for chemotherapy. Recently, nanocarriers have attracted much attention in the research of GBM, owing to their advantages in self-assembly, biosafety, release controllability, and BBB penetrability, making them promising candidates for GBM treatment. This article aims to review the biologic signatures of BBB and GSCs, as well as the new development of nano-drug delivery systems to facilitate our understanding of targeted treatment for GBM.

Download Full-text

Glioblastoma: Prognostic Factors and Predictive Response to Radio and Chemotherapy

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867327666200131095256 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (17) ◽

pp. 2814-2825

Author(s):

Francesco Fiorica ◽

Maria Colella ◽

Rosaria Taibi ◽

Andrea Bonetti ◽

Jacopo Giuliani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prognostic Factors ◽

Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽

Poor Prognosis ◽

Therapeutic Strategy ◽

Biological Factors ◽

Near Future ◽

Predictive Response

: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is characterized by poor prognosis despite an aggressive therapeutic strategy. In recent years, many advances have been achieved in the field of glioblastoma biology. : Here we try to summarize the main clinical and biological factors impacting clinical prognostication and therapy of GBM patients. From that standpoint, hopefully, in the near future, personalized therapies will be available.

Download Full-text

The critical roles of histone deacetylase 3 in the pathogenesis of solid organ injury

Cell Death and Disease ◽

10.1038/s41419-021-04019-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Li Ning ◽

Xiong Rui ◽

Wang Bo ◽

Geng Qing

Keyword(s):

Histone Deacetylase ◽

Chromatin Remodeling ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Organ Injury ◽

Solid Organ ◽

Solid Organ Injury ◽

Histone Deacetylase 3 ◽

Physiological Conditions ◽

Inflammatory Conditions ◽

Therapeutic Value

AbstractHistone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) plays a crucial role in chromatin remodeling, which, in turn, regulates gene transcription. Hence, HDAC3 has been implicated in various diseases, including ischemic injury, fibrosis, neurodegeneration, infections, and inflammatory conditions. In addition, HDAC3 plays vital roles under physiological conditions by regulating circadian rhythms, metabolism, and development. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the physiological functions of HDAC3 and its role in organ injury. We also discuss the therapeutic value of HDAC3 in various diseases.

Download Full-text

Conserved long-range base pairings are associated with pre-mRNA processing of human genes

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-22549-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Svetlana Kalmykova ◽

Marina Kalinina ◽

Stepan Denisov ◽

Alexey Mironov ◽

Dmitry Skvortsov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Long Range ◽

Rna Folding ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Rna Structures ◽

Base Pairs ◽

Protein Coding ◽

Proximity Ligation ◽

Transcriptional Suppression ◽

Human Genes ◽

Cleavage And Polyadenylation

AbstractThe ability of nucleic acids to form double-stranded structures is essential for all living systems on Earth. Current knowledge on functional RNA structures is focused on locally-occurring base pairs. However, crosslinking and proximity ligation experiments demonstrated that long-range RNA structures are highly abundant. Here, we present the most complete to-date catalog of conserved complementary regions (PCCRs) in human protein-coding genes. PCCRs tend to occur within introns, suppress intervening exons, and obstruct cryptic and inactive splice sites. Double-stranded structure of PCCRs is supported by decreased icSHAPE nucleotide accessibility, high abundance of RNA editing sites, and frequent occurrence of forked eCLIP peaks. Introns with PCCRs show a distinct splicing pattern in response to RNAPII slowdown suggesting that splicing is widely affected by co-transcriptional RNA folding. The enrichment of 3’-ends within PCCRs raises the intriguing hypothesis that coupling between RNA folding and splicing could mediate co-transcriptional suppression of premature pre-mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation.

Download Full-text

Research on Plants for the Understanding of Diseases of Nuclear and Mitochondrial Origin

Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.1155/2012/836196 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Claudia P. Spampinato ◽

Diego F. Gomez-Casati

Keyword(s):

Current Knowledge ◽

Model System ◽

Human Diseases ◽

Model Organisms ◽

Human Cell Lines ◽

Molecular Defects ◽

Human Genes ◽

Clinical Disorders ◽

Mitochondrial Origin ◽

Experimental Findings

Different model organisms, such asEscherichia coli,Saccharomyces cerevisiae,Caenorhabditis elegans,Drosophila melanogaster, mouse, cultured human cell lines, among others, were used to study the mechanisms of several human diseases. Since human genes and proteins have been structurally and functionally conserved in plant organisms, the use of plants, especiallyArabidopsis thaliana, as a model system to relate molecular defects to clinical disorders has recently increased. Here, we briefly review our current knowledge of human diseases of nuclear and mitochondrial origin and summarize the experimental findings of plant homologs implicated in each process.

Download Full-text

The Increased Neuromedin B Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Glioblastoma Multiforme

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3986959 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Suqin Li ◽

Qingjie Li ◽

Fei Liu ◽

Shihuan Li ◽

Wenli Liao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽

Poor Prognosis ◽

Neuromedin B

Download Full-text

Folate receptor: a potential target in ovarian cancer

Pteridines ◽

10.1515/pterid-2014-0013 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marie Bartouskova ◽

Bohuslav Melichar ◽

Beatrice Mohelnikova-Duchonova

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Anticancer Agents ◽

Poor Prognosis ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Folate Receptor ◽

Gynecological Cancer ◽

Predictive Biomarkers ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

Advanced Stage ◽

Potential Therapeutic Target

AbstractOvarian cancer is the most frequent cause of gynecological cancer-related death. Unfortunately, many patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage and have a poor prognosis. The standard treatment for advanced disease involves maximal cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy based on platinum compounds and taxanes. Patients presenting at an advanced stage have a higher risk of recurrence. The development of drug resistance currently represents a major obstacle in the systematic treatment and, therefore, the discovery of new anticancer agents and approaches should improve the poor prognosis of these patients. Folate receptor α is overexpressed in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), but has limited expression in nonmalignant human tissues. The degree of folate receptor expression corresponds with the stage and grade of the disease. Because of this, folate receptor α seems to be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Currently, several approaches have been studied to target this protein in ovarian cancer treatment. This review summarizes current knowledge about the potential usage of folate receptors as prognostic and predictive biomarkers as well as their role in the management and targeted therapy of ovarian cancer.

Download Full-text