scholarly journals Genetic Predisposition to Alzheimer’s Disease Is Associated with Enlargement of Perivascular Spaces in Centrum Semiovale Region

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 825
Author(s):  
Iacopo Ciampa ◽  
Grégory Operto ◽  
Carles Falcon ◽  
Carolina Minguillon ◽  
Manuel Castro de Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
P Value ◽  
Perivascular Spaces ◽  
Centrum Semiovale ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Visual Rating ◽  
Increased Risk

This study investigated whether genetic factors involved in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are associated with enlargement of Perivascular Spaces (ePVS) in the brain. A total of 680 participants with T2-weighted MRI scans and genetic information were acquired from the ALFA study. ePVS in the basal ganglia (BG) and the centrum semiovale (CS) were assessed based on a validated visual rating scale. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to investigate associations between ePVS in BG and CS with BIN1-rs744373, as well as APOE genotypes. We found a significant association of the BIN1-rs744373 polymorphism in the CS subscale (p value = 0.019; OR = 2.564), suggesting that G allele carriers have an increased risk of ePVS in comparison with A allele carriers. In stratified analysis by APOE-ε4 status (carriers vs. non-carriers), these results remained significant only for ε4 carriers (p value = 0.011; OR = 1.429). To our knowledge, the present study is the first suggesting that genetic predisposition for AD is associated with ePVS in CS. These findings provide evidence that underlying biological processes affecting AD may influence CS-ePVS.

scholarly journals Examining the possible causal relationship between lung function, COPD and Alzheimer’s disease: a Mendelian randomisation study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000759
Author(s):  
Daniel Higbee ◽  
Raquel Granell ◽  
Esther Walton ◽  
Roxanna Korologou-Linden ◽  
George Davey Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Mendelian Randomisation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Unmeasured Confounding ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Shared Risk

RationaleLarge retrospective case-control studies have reported an association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), reduced lung function and an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease. However, it remains unclear if these diseases are causally linked, or due to shared risk factors. Conventional observational epidemiology suffers from unmeasured confounding and reverse causation. Additional analyses addressing causality are required.ObjectivesTo examine a causal relationship between COPD, lung function and Alzheimer’s disease.MethodsUsing two-sample Mendelian randomisation, we used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in a genome wide association study (GWAS) for lung function as instrumental variables (exposure). Additionally, we used SNPs discovered in a GWAS for COPD in those with moderate to very severe obstruction. The effect of these SNPs on Alzheimer’s disease (outcome) was taken from a GWAS based on a sample of 24 807 patients and 55 058 controls.ResultsWe found minimal evidence for an effect of either lung function (OR: 1.02 per SD; 95% CI 0.91 to 1.13; p value 0.68) or liability for COPD on Alzheimer’s disease (OR: 0.97 per SD; 95% CI 0.92 to 1.03; p value 0.40).ConclusionNeither reduced lung function nor liability COPD are likely to be causally associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer’s, any observed association is likely due to unmeasured confounding. Scientific attention and health prevention policy may be better focused on overlapping risk factors, rather than attempts to reduce risk of Alzheimer’s disease by targeting impaired lung function or COPD directly.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Dementia Severity & Caregiver Preferences for Decision Making Role Regarding Mammography

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 992-992
Author(s):  
Molly Frank ◽  
Seho Park ◽  
Kathleen Lane ◽  
Alexia Torke ◽  
Mara Schonberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Diagnose Breast Cancer ◽  
Dementia Severity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The incidence of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) and breast cancer increases with age. Despite being one of the most effective ways to diagnose breast cancer early, mammography in ADRD patients comes with an increased risk of treatment complications and false-positive results. Family caregivers are often involved in the decision-making process, and this study evaluates the relationship between dementia severity and caregiver preferences when making decisions about mammography with the patient alone, and with the patient and doctor. We included 181 caregivers from the Decisions about Cancer screening in Alzheimer’s Disease trial, which uses the Dementia Severity Rating Scale (DSRS) to assess dementia severity and a modified Control Preferences Scale (CPS) to assess each caregiver’s preferred decision-making approach. Multinomial logistic regression models evaluated the relationship between DSRS and CPS categories (active, passive, and collaborative), while controlling for the caregivers’ age, sex, race, education, and relationship to patient. Model 1 examined the caregivers’ preferred role with the patient, and it found a significant association between increased dementia severity and preference for a collaborative approach (p<0.001) or passive approach (p<0.05) compared to an active approach. Model 2 did not find a significant association between dementia severity and the caregivers’ preferred role when making decisions with the patient and doctor; however, those with increased age and education were more likely to prefer an active role. The association between dementia severity, caregiver characteristics, and decision-making preferences supports the need for approaches to support ADRD caregivers with medical decision making.

Effect of antipsychotics on mortality in elderly patients with dementia: a 1-year prospective study in a nursing home

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guk-Hee Suh ◽  
Ajit Shah
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Korean Version ◽  
Increased Risk

Background and objectives: The use of risperidone or olanzapine to treat behavioral problems associated with dementia is no longer recommended in the U.K. because of the increased risk of cerebrovascular adverse effects (CVAEs) and/or mortality. To evaluate the risks and benefits of antipsychotics, we measured the rate of mortality in patients with dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular/mixed dementia and compared mortality rates between those who had received antipsychotics and those who had not received antipsychotics.Methods: A total of 273 subjects were assessed at baseline, 6 months and 12 months using a 1-year prospective follow-up design. Mortality rates between groups were compared using a Kaplan–Meier curve and log-rank statistics. Relative risks (RRs) were examined by the Cox proportional-hazards model.Results: The overall 1-year mortality rate in dementia was 23.8%. The mortality rate in those who had not received antipsychotics (26.8%) was higher than that in those who had received antipsychotics (20.6%). RR and 95% confidence interval (CI) of mortality, when we compared those who had not received antipsychotics with those who had received antipsychotics, was 1.277 (95% CI 1.134–1.437) after controlling for age, severity of dementia, medical comorbidities, cognitive impairment (measured by the Korean version of the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE)) and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), measured by the Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale, Korean version (BEHAVE-AD-K). When those who had not received antipsychotics were compared with those who had received both risperidone and haloperidol, RR (95% CI) was 1.225 (1.101–1.364).Conclusion: This study does not support reports that antipsychotics increase mortality in dementia.

scholarly journals Association Between Early Psychotic Symptoms and Alzheimer’s Disease Prognosis in a Community-Based Cohort

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Reena T. Gottesman ◽  
Anton Kociolek ◽  
Kayri Fernandez ◽  
Stephanie Cosentino ◽  
D.P. Devanand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Psychotic symptoms are an important and increasingly recognized aspect of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). They have been shown to contribute to faster disease progression in clinic-based, demographically homogenous samples with high educational attainment. Objective: We studied the association between baseline psychotic symptoms and disease progression among individuals with incident AD or ‘at risk’ of developing AD, from a demographically heterogenous, community-based cohort with minimal educational attainment. Methods: 212 participants received the Columbia University Scale of Psychopathology in Alzheimer’s Disease scale. Participants had psychotic symptoms with any of: visual illusions, delusions, hallucinations, or agitation/aggression. Disease progression was measured yearly and defined by meeting cognitive (≤10 on the Folstein MMSE) or functional endpoints (≥10 on the Blessed Dementia Rating Scale or ≥4 on the Dependence Scale). Results: The mean age was 85 years old. The cohort was 78.3% female, 75.9% Hispanic, and had a mean 6.96 years of education. Within the follow-up period (mean: 3.69 years), 24 met the cognitive endpoint, 59 met the functional endpoint, and 132 met the cutoff for dependence. The presence of at least one psychotic symptom was initially associated with an increased risk of reaching the functional endpoint (HR 3.12, 95% CI 1.67–5.86, p < 0.001) and the endpoint of dependence (HR = 1.498, 95% CI 1.05–2.13, p = 0.03). However, these associations were attenuated and non-significant when adjusted for baseline functional status. Psychotic symptoms were not associated with the cognitive endpoint. Conclusion: Psychotic symptoms may predict functional decline in patients of non-Caucasian ethnicity and with lower educational attainment.

P3-141: Age-related cutoff values for the axial t1-medial temporal atrophy visual rating scale in Alzheimer's disease dementia

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (7S_Part_14) ◽  
pp. P679-P679
Author(s):  
Jee Hyang Jeong ◽  
Geon Ha Kim ◽  
Gyeong Seon Choi ◽  
Kyoung-Gyu Choi ◽  
Seong-Hye Choi
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Visual Rating ◽  
Cutoff Values ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Visual Rating Scale ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease Dementia

scholarly journals A visual rating scale for cingulate island sign on 18F-FDG-PET to differentiate dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 116645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Gjerum ◽  
Kristian Steen Frederiksen ◽  
Otto Mølby Henriksen ◽  
Ian Law ◽  
Lasse Anderberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Visual Rating ◽  
Visual Rating Scale ◽  
18F Fdg

scholarly journals Association of the C47T Polymorphism in SOD2 with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease in Carriers of the APOEε4 Allele

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Gamarra ◽  
Xabier Elcoroaristizabal ◽  
Manuel Fernández-Martínez ◽  
Marian M. de Pancorbo
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Prodromal Phase ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Increased Risk

Oxidative stress plays an important part in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), the prodromal phase of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent evidence shows that polymorphisms in theSOD2gene affect the elimination of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in mitochondria. The aim of this study was to determine whether the functional rs4880 SNP in theSOD2gene is a risk factor associated with aMCI and sporadic AD. 216 subjects with aMCI, 355 with AD, and 245 controls have been studied. The SNP rs4880 of theSOD2gene was genotyped by RT-PCR and theAPOEgenotype was determined by PCR and RFLPs. Different multinomial logistic regression models were used to determine the risk levels for aMCI and AD. Although the T allele of the SOD2 rs4880 SNP gene (rs4880-T) is not an independent risk for aMCI or AD, this allele increases the risk to aMCI patients carrying at least one APOEε4 allele. Moreover, rs4880-T allele and APOEε4 allele combination has been found to produce an increased risk for AD compared to aMCI reference patients. These results suggest that APOEε4 and rs4880-T genotype may be a risk for aMCI and a predictor of progression from aMCI to AD.

scholarly journals A narrative review of the pharmacological management of psychosis in Alzheimer's disease

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S167-S168
Author(s):  
Alexander Matthews ◽  
Georgina Priest ◽  
Sophie Thomas ◽  
Hannah White ◽  
Stephen De Souza
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Severe Adverse Events

AimsDementia is estimated to affect 50 million people worldwide, with around 60% of these cases attributable to Alzheimer's disease (AD). One of the common behavioural and psychological symptoms associated with AD is psychosis. Psychosis, experiencing delusions or hallucinations, can be one of the most distressing ordeals for patients with AD, as well as those around them. Effectively managing these symptoms can lead to a vast improvement in life quality. Currently, there are no medications specifically licensed in the UK for the treatment of psychosis in AD. To help guide clinical practice, we reviewed the evidence underpinning the pharmacological treatment of psychosis in AD. The aim of the study was to positively influence clinical practice and thereby improve the life quality of this patient group.MethodAn advanced PubMed search was used to identify studies which investigated the pharmacological treatments for acute psychosis in people with AD. Papers included were double blind, placebo controlled, randomised controlled trials specifically for AD dementia. Papers must have reported their findings using a specific psychosis subscale (PS); examples being “Behavioural Pathology in AD” (BEHAVE-AD-PS), “Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale” (BPRS-PS), and “Neuropsychiatric Inventory - Nursing Home Version” (NPI-NH-PS). Populations of both outpatients and residential patients were accepted. 14 papers, comprising some 3237 patients, were included and critically analysed in the final review.ResultRisperidone (BEHAVE-AD-PS: -1.3 [p = 0.004] & -1.9 [p = 0.039]; BPRS-PS: -0.5 [p = 0.08]) and aripiprazole (NPI-NH-PS: -1.0 [p = 0.169] & -1.8 [p = 0.013]) successfully reduced psychosis symptoms in patient populations. However, these medications were associated with a statistical increase in severe adverse events including strokes and cognitive decline. Pimavanserin (NPI-NH-PS: -1.9 [p = 0.045]) also offered a notable reduction in psychosis symptoms, but was associated with increased agitation/aggression. Whilst commonly used in clinical practice, quetiapine, olanzapine, and haloperidol showed negligible therapeutic changes compared to placebo using multiple psychosis subscales. Olanzapine and haloperidol were associated with increased rates of severe adverse events including extrapyramidal symptoms. Quetiapine showed limited side effects.ConclusionRisperidone and aripiprazole offer effective means to help AD patients cope with psychosis, but these medications also come with an increased risk of developing life-threatening complications. They should, therefore, be administered judiciously. Pimavanserin shows early promise in treating this group of patients, with no life-threatening adverse effects associated with its use. Further research is required before endorsing the use of pimavanserin. There is little evidence to support the therapeutic use of quetiapine, olanzapine, and haloperidol in this patient population. No financial sponsorship declared.

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