scholarly journals Comparative Aspects of Annelid Regeneration: Towards Understanding the Mechanisms of Regeneration

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1148
Author(s):  
Roman P. Kostyuchenko ◽  
Vitaly V. Kozin
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Transcriptomic Data ◽  
Levels Of Organization ◽  
Ability To Regenerate ◽  
Different Levels

The question of why animals vary in their ability to regenerate remains one of the most intriguing questions in biology. Annelids are a large and diverse phylum, many members of which are capable of extensive regeneration such as regrowth of a complete head or tail and whole-body regeneration, even from few segments. On the other hand, some representatives of both of the two major annelid clades show very limited tissue regeneration and are completely incapable of segmental regeneration. Here we review experimental and descriptive data on annelid regeneration, obtained at different levels of organization, from data on organs and tissues to intracellular and transcriptomic data. Understanding the variety of the cellular and molecular basis of regeneration in annelids can help one to address important questions about the role of stem/dedifferentiated cells and “molecular morphallaxis” in annelid regeneration as well as the evolution of regeneration in general.

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON ROLE OF KSHARAGAD IN ALLERGIC SKIN DISEASES W.S.R. TO DUSHIVISHA JANYA TWAK VIKAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 08 (11) ◽  
pp. 5089-5095
Author(s):  
Rashmi Choudhary ◽  
Prabhat Patel ◽  
Inchulkar S. R ◽  
Aruna Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
The Other ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Important Concept ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Allergic Skin

Dushivisha is an important concept in Vishatantra. It is a low potent poison which gets vitiates due to dushit Desh, Kala, Anna and Diwaswapna which are similar to the factors like industrialization, seasonal variation, synthetic food items, changing lifestyle. Now a day’s due to this lifestyle of a modern man, im-mune system of a person declines and leads to evolution of various diseases out of which allergic skin dis-eases are common. Dushivisha is a peculiar poison which vitiates Dhatus. In its relation with Rakta Dhatu some of the skin problems caused by Dushivisha which are described in Samhitas are Kustha, Visarpa, Bhinna Varna, Shonitdusti, Shitapitta, Udarda, Kotha. These symptoms are similar as that of hypersensi-tivity reactions. Udarda-Sheetapitta-Kotha has almost similar symptomatology and causative factors as Ur-ticaria. Asatmya, Virudhahara and Dushivisha are common etiological factors for these diseases which can be correlated with allergic conditions. So, various types of allergic skin diseases can be taken under Dushi-visha Janya Twak Vikar (Shitapitta-Udarda-Kotha). Urticaria affects 20% of people at some or the other time in their life. So, on looking at the increased incidence rate of allergic skin diseases, it’s a need to find some conservative source which would be helpful in management of skin diseases from the root by cleans-ing vitiated Dhosha and balancing whole body. Ksharagad mentioned in Charak Samhita is one of those formulations helpful to prevent such diseases by its actions like Kusthgna, Krimghna, Shothhar, Kandugh-na, Twachya, Tridoshahar properties, increasing immunity and suppressing allergic activity.

scholarly journals Role of Fiber Finish in the Conversion of Fiber to Nonwovens — Part II: Finish Performance as a Mechanical Processing Aid in Carding

2002 ◽  
Vol os-11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1558925002OS-01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelfattah M. Seyam ◽  
Thomas J. Proffitt ◽  
Murali Velmurugan
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mechanical Processing ◽  
Fiber Breakage ◽  
Static Charge ◽  
Charge Generation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Levels

This part of the study aims to investigate the role of fiber finish in the carding process. Two different fibers, namely, polyester and polypropylene with different levels of finish and finish uniformity, are processed on carding machine. Certain key response parameters such as fiber breakage, fiberweb cohesion, fiberweb uniformity, nep generation and static charge generation, are chosen and the effect of finish level and its uniformity on these parameters are observed. The finish performance is also studied for possible interaction effects between other carding process parameters. The results indicate a significant effect of finish add-on percentage on most of the response parameters. On the other hand, finish uniformity was found to have less influence on the response parameters. It has also been found that the response parameters behave differently for each of the two fibers and hence results based on one type of fiber may not be applicable for another.

Forearm vs Whole-Body Sensations of Self-Motion: Some Results on the Role of the Sensorimotor Context

1988 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-358
Author(s):  
Marie-Françoise Tardy-Gervet ◽  
Jean-Claude Gilhodes ◽  
Jean-Pierre Roll
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Stimulus Parameters ◽  
Illusory Movement ◽  
Body Sensations ◽  
Self Motion

Making a subject's visual surroundings move can give rise to sensations of self-motion, which can either be restricted to the arm or involve the whole body. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role played by the sensorimotor context in eliciting one or the other of these two types of illusory movement. Whether the type of sensation experienced by the subjects depended on their adoption of an actively maintained or relaxed posture was examined. Analysis showed subjects' posture was certainly one of the factors involved: a rigidly held position favoured the occurrence of whole body sensations of movement, whereas a relaxed attitude favoured occurrence of arm-restricted sensations. This postural factor alone does not, however, account for the variations recorded in our experiment which seem to be related to the stimulus parameters as well as to individual factors.

scholarly journals Driving regeneration, instead of healing, in adult mammals: the decisive role of resident macrophages through efferocytosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Rabiller ◽  
Virginie Robert ◽  
Adèle Arlat ◽  
Elodie Labit ◽  
Marielle Ousset ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Ability To Regenerate ◽  
Cellular Pathways ◽  
Scar Healing

AbstractTissue repair after lesion usually leads to scar healing and thus loss of function in adult mammals. In contrast, other adult vertebrates such as amphibians have the ability to regenerate and restore tissue homeostasis after lesion. Understanding the control of the repair outcome is thus a concerning challenge for regenerative medicine. We recently developed a model of induced tissue regeneration in adult mice allowing the comparison of the early steps of regenerative and scar healing processes. By using studies of gain and loss of function, specific cell depletion approaches, and hematopoietic chimeras we demonstrate here that tissue regeneration in adult mammals depends on an early and transient peak of granulocyte producing reactive oxygen species and an efficient efferocytosis specifically by tissue-resident macrophages. These findings highlight key and early cellular pathways able to drive tissue repair towards regeneration in adult mammals.

scholarly journals De rol van sociaal tolk in de maatschappij

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 249-262
Author(s):  
Pavlína Knap-Dlouhá
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Language Transfer ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Conceptual Representations ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Interpretation Process ◽  
Different Levels

In this article, the question of different roles that community interpreters play in the context of interpreted interactions is addressed, or rather how these roles are perceived. The fact that interpreters function as mediators of pronouncements from one language to another (and vice versa) is apparent from the nature of the interpretation process itself. However, frequent studies by contemporary researchers in this field show that the role of community interpreter is clearly different from that of conference interpreter; the role of the community interpreter, as seen by several authors, often goes beyond the mediation of the language transfer of necessary information, and the interpreter is often even considered responsible for the coordination of a particular conversation between participants of interpreted communication: the community interpreter determines who is speaking and who is listening; explains to the participants what the other party mean; signals this; and explains why a certain interpreted communication was not understood by one of the parties. The specific cultural position of the interpreter can sometimes also be the reason why the interpreter “leaves his mediating role”. Interpreters always operate between two worlds which are different at different levels and which it is precisely the interpreter’s job to connect through the language transfer of communications. In the case of community interpreters, we often have to deal with striking differences in norms and values. Does the interpreter have to inform the participants of the interaction about these differences or not? Doesn’t he go too far if he actively intervenes in conflict situations in an interpreted dialogue, because the other participant doesn’t have the necessary knowledge about the cultural traditions and customs of the other party? Can we expect the interpreter to inform his client, who does not speak the language of the country in question, of his rights as soon as he notices that the other party does not respect them? The article discusses various insights into the role played by community interpreters. We start from the hypothesis that the perception of the role of the community interpreter will be highly dependent not only on different conceptual representations of individual authors but will also be differently anchored in different countries and cultures.

oPnosDsA ib F le m lo o c le a c ti uolnesdoefdCurcoemdefrrosm ys t M em AI EaAntt ig e e st nss Understanding of the biochemical structures and molecular basis of Rh antigens is emerging rapidly. Absence of Rh antigens, as occurs in the RhnuN phenotype, compromises the integrity of red cells and cells from people with an RhnuN phenotype have been extensively studied. These studies contributed to the recognition of Rh polypeptides and some related glycoproteins [see 20,21,22]. Partial amino acid sequencing of the proteins in Bristol, Paris and Baltimore [23,24,25] led to recognition of involvement of two genes and isolation of cDNA by the Paris and Bristol workers [26,27] and cloning of the D gene [28]. One gene is responsible for the D polypeptide and another for the C and E series of antigens. However, although encoded by the same gene there is evidence that the C and E series of antigens are carried by different proteins. The molecular genetic basis of Rh antigens is discussed in another presentation. Immune precipitation using anti-D, -c, -E or R6A antibodies demonstrated the proteins which carried the Rh antigens. Two bands are co-precipitated by anti-D: one with an apparent Mr 30,000 called D30 polypeptide by the Bristol group and the other a diffuse band of 50-100 kD called the D50 polypeptide. Similar bands were observed when immune precipitation were done using anti-c, -E or R6A [see 20-22]. The D30 polypeptide was an unusual membrane protein because it was not glycosylated, the gene producing this protein and the other Rh protein were subsequently cloned. Assignment of the genes to chromosome 1p34-p36 confirmed that they are responsible for the Rh polymorphism [see 22]. The role of the Rh glycoproteins, the diffuse band of 50-1 OOkD, is not yet understood: the gene encoding the Rh glycoprotein when cloned was assigned to chromosome 6p21-qter [29].

1995 ◽  
pp. 192-192
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diffuse Band ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Molecular Genetic Basis ◽  
Immune Precipitation ◽  
Rh Glycoproteins ◽  
Chromosome 1P34

scholarly journals The Other Partner: The Changing Role of Good Provider for Men’s Union Formation in Industrialized Countries

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Goldscheider ◽  
Dennis Hogan ◽  
Pierre Turcotte
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Union Formation ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Retrospective Survey ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Over Time

Most studies of union formation behaviors have focused on women and children, with less emphasis on men. Using comparable retrospective survey data, this study looks at the ways Canadian, Italian and Swedish men begin conjugal life (distinguishing between marriage and cohabitation) and at how the effects of their good provider status qualifications have changed in the last 30 years. Results for Canadian men have shown that the simple patterns that have been assumed to shape separate and symmetrical roles for men and women are taking new shapes with the growth in cohabitation and changes in women's economic roles. Our study will extend these results to examine two countries at very different levels of cohabitation prevalence: Italy, where the growth in cohabitation has just begun, and Sweden, where it has been underway much longer than in Canada. Our results show strongly parallel changes underway in each country, indicating that it is important to continue to compare, both between countries and over time, if we are to understand the situations fostering (or not) changing gender roles for men as good providers.

scholarly journals Does Elastic Energy Enhance Work and Efficiency in the Stretch-Shortening Cycle?

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerrit Jan van Ingen Schenau ◽  
Maarten F. Bobbert ◽  
Arnold de Haan
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Energy ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Mechanical Efficiency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Levels Of Organization ◽  
Cyclic Movements ◽  
Stretch Shortening Cycle ◽  
Different Levels

This target article addresses the role of storage and reutilization of elastic energy in stretch-shortening cycles. It is argued that for discrete movements such as the vertical jump, elastic energy does not explain the work enhancement due to the prestretch. This enhancement seems to occur because the prestretch allows muscles to develop a high level of active state and force before starting to shorten. For cyclic movements in which stretch-shortening cycles occur repetitively, some authors have claimed that elastic energy enhances mechanical efficiency. In the current article it is demonstrated that this claim is often based on disputable concepts such as the efficiency of positive work or absolute work, and it is argued that elastic energy cannot affect mechanical efficiency simply because this energy is not related to the conversion of metabolic energy into mechanical energy. A comparison of work and efficiency measures obtained at different levels of organization reveals that there is in fact no decisive evidence to either support or reject the claim that the stretch-shortening cycle enhances muscle efficiency. These explorations lead to the conclusion that the body of knowledge about the mechanics and energetics of the stretch-shortening cycle is in fact quite lean. A major challenge is to bridge the gap between knowledge obtained at different levels of organization, with the ultimate purpose of understanding how the intrinsic properties of muscles manifest themselves underin-vivo-like conditions and how they are exploited in whole-body activities such as running. To achieve this purpose, a close cooperation is required between muscle physiologists and human movement scientists performing inverse and forward dynamic simulation studies of whole-body exercises.

scholarly journals The Influence of Level of Proficiency in the L2 and L3 on the Production of the L3 Spanish Apico-alveolar Sibilant

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-107
Author(s):  
Jolanta Sypiańska ◽  
Zuzanna Cal
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Spectral Moments ◽  
Third Language ◽  
Third Language Acquisition ◽  
Centre Of Gravity ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Different Levels

Current Third Language Acquisition research has traditionally focused on the L2 status (e.g. Hammarberg 2001, Bardel & Falk 2007) or linguistic proximity (e.g. Cenoz 2001, Westergaard, Mitrofanova, Mykhaylyk & Rodina 2016). Limited research has been conducted on the influence of the potentially significant factor of level of proficiency, and particularly where proficiency in both the L2 (Tremblay 2006, Woll 2016) and the L3 (Hammarberg 2001, Wrembel 2010) may be considered as a conditioning factor for the shape of the L3. The aim of the current study was thus to determine the influence of L2 and L3 level of proficiency (L2LoP and L3LoP) and the interaction of the two factors on the production of the L3 Spanish apico-alveolar sibilant in a group of L1 Polish, L2 English and L3 Spanish trilinguals who had different levels of overall proficiency in the two foreign languages. The parameters of the sibilant under analysis were spectral moments: centre of gravity (M1), standard deviation (M2), skewness (M3) and kurtosis (M4) in intervocalic position in two-syllable words with initial stress. The results point to the influential role of both L2LoP and L3LoP as well as their interaction on the production of the L3 Spanish sibilant. When the level of proficiency in one of the languages was low, it allowed the other language with a higher level of proficiency to exert influence on the values of the spectral moments in the L3 sibilant. This interplay of factors furthers the understanding of how levels of proficiency in the L2 and the L3 condition the developing L3.

scholarly journals OTHERNESS IN NABOKOV’S HERMANN, HUMBERT AND KINBOTE

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 211-223
Author(s):  
Slađana Stamenković
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Postmodern Theory ◽  
Artistic Experience ◽  
Different Levels

As one of the key notions in postmodern theory, Otherness is defined as a quality of being different and separate from the Self. Within the postmodern theory, it is defined within the center-margin binary opposition discussed by theoreticians such as Linda Hutcheon. Yet, long before the theory, three of Nabokov’s novels depicted the concept of Otherness in their respective protagonists. Hermann in Despair, Humbert in Lolita and Kinbote in Pale Fire are assigned the role of the Other in their communities on different levels, all of which lead them to construct their own alternative realities where the margin is the center. This paper discusses the occurrence of the theoretical concept of the Other in the novels that predate the official theory of Otherness. The reoccurrence of the concept of the Other in literature, (especially in the period before the theoretical framework officially appeared) testify to the high relevance of the theory and the concept for discussing different phenomena of the human spirit and artistic experience.

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