Life Cycle and Phylogeography of True Truffles

True truffle (Tuber spp.) is one group of ascomycetes with great economic importance. During the last 30 years, numerous fine-scale population genetics studies were conducted on different truffle species, aiming to answer several key questions regarding their life cycles; these questions are important for their cultivation. It is now evident that truffles are heterothallic, but with a prevalent haploid lifestyle. Strains forming ectomycorrhizas and germinating ascospores act as maternal and paternal partners respectively. At the same time, a number of large-scale studies were carried out, highlighting the influences of the last glaciation and river isolations on the genetic structure of truffles. A retreat to southern refugia during glaciation, and a northward expansion post glaciation, were revealed in all studied European truffles. The Mediterranean Sea, acting as a barrier, has led to the existence of several refugia in different peninsulas for a single species. Similarly, large rivers in southwestern China act as physical barriers to gene flow for truffles in this region. Further studies can pay special attention to population genetics of species with a wide distribution range, such as T. himalayense, and the correlation between truffle genetic structure and the community composition of truffle-associated bacteria.

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Large-scale population genetics of the mountain ant Proformica longiseta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Population Ecology ◽

10.1007/s10144-015-0505-2 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 637-648 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Olivia Sanllorente ◽

Francisca Ruano ◽

Alberto Tinaut

Keyword(s):

Population Genetics ◽

Large Scale ◽

Scale Population ◽

Proformica Longiseta

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Weak large-scale population genetic structure in a philopatric seabird, the European Shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis

Ibis ◽

10.1111/j.1474-919x.2011.01159.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 153 (4) ◽

pp. 768-778 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

EMILY J. BARLOW ◽

FRANCIS DAUNT ◽

SARAH WANLESS ◽

DAVID ÁLVAREZ ◽

JANE M. REID ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Structure ◽

Population Genetic Structure ◽

Population Genetic ◽

Large Scale ◽

Scale Population

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Large-scale population genetic structure in Bonelli's EagleAquila fasciata

Ibis ◽

10.1111/ibi.12065 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 155 (3) ◽

pp. 485-498 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sara Mira ◽

Sophie Arnaud-Haond ◽

Luís Palma ◽

Maria Leonor Cancela ◽

Pedro Beja

Keyword(s):

Genetic Structure ◽

Population Genetic Structure ◽

Population Genetic ◽

Large Scale ◽

Scale Population

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Relationship between total plasma homocysteine and the risk of aneurysms – a meta-analysis

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526/a000891 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Hanji Zhang ◽

Dexin Yin ◽

Yue Zhao ◽

Yezhou Li ◽

Dejiang Yao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Single Species ◽

Total Plasma ◽

Control Groups ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Randomized Controlled Studies ◽

The Difference ◽

The Relationship ◽

Healthy Participants

Summary: Our meta-analysis focused on the relationship between homocysteine (Hcy) level and the incidence of aneurysms and looked at the relationship between smoking, hypertension and aneurysms. A systematic literature search of Pubmed, Web of Science, and Embase databases (up to March 31, 2020) resulted in the identification of 19 studies, including 2,629 aneurysm patients and 6,497 healthy participants. Combined analysis of the included studies showed that number of smoking, hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in aneurysm patients was higher than that in the control groups, and the total plasma Hcy level in aneurysm patients was also higher. These findings suggest that smoking, hypertension and HHcy may be risk factors for the development and progression of aneurysms. Although the heterogeneity of meta-analysis was significant, it was found that the heterogeneity might come from the difference between race and disease species through subgroup analysis. Large-scale randomized controlled studies of single species and single disease species are needed in the future to supplement the accuracy of the results.

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Multiple-source Record Linkage in a Rural Industrial Community, 1680–1820

History and Computing ◽

10.3366/hac.1994.6.3.133 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 133-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Steve King

Keyword(s):

Early Modern ◽

Large Scale ◽

Social Economic ◽

Life Cycles ◽

Multiple Source ◽

Demographic Analysis ◽

Ordinary People ◽

Industrial Community ◽

The Social ◽

Broad Outline

Re-creating the social, economic and demographic life-cycles of ordinary people is one way in which historians might engage with the complex continuities and changes which underlay the development of early modern communities. Little, however, has been written on the ways in which historians might deploy computers, rather than card indexes, to the task of identifying such life cycles from the jumble of the sources generated by local and national administration. This article suggests that multiple-source linkage is central to historical and demographic analysis, and reviews, in broad outline, some of the procedures adopted in a study which aims at large scale life cycle reconstruction.

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Genome-Wide Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms are Robust in Resolving Fine-Scale Population Genetic Structure of the Small Brown Planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/toz145 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 112 (5) ◽

pp. 2362-2368

Author(s):

Yan Liu ◽

Lei Chen ◽

Xing-Zhi Duan ◽

Dian-Shu Zhao ◽

Jing-Tao Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Discriminant Analysis ◽

Genetic Structure ◽

Population Genetic ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Fine Scale ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Small Brown Planthopper ◽

Scale Population

Abstract Deciphering genetic structure and inferring migration routes of insects with high migratory ability have been challenging, due to weak genetic differentiation and limited resolution offered by traditional genotyping methods. Here, we tested the ability of double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq)-based single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in revealing the population structure relative to 13 microsatellite markers by using four small brown planthopper populations as subjects. Using ddRADseq, we identified 230,000 RAD loci and 5,535 SNP sites, which were present in at least 80% of individuals across the four populations with a minimum sequencing depth of 10. Our results show that this large SNP panel is more powerful than traditional microsatellite markers in revealing fine-scale population structure among the small brown planthopper populations. In contrast to the mixed population structure suggested by microsatellites, discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) of the SNP dataset clearly separated the individuals into four geographic populations. Our results also suggest the DAPC analysis is more powerful than the principal component analysis (PCA) in resolving population genetic structure of high migratory taxa, probably due to the advantages of DAPC in using more genetic variation and the discriminant analysis function. Together, these results point to ddRADseq being a promising approach for population genetic and migration studies of small brown planthopper.

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Synchronized Tick Population Oscillations Driven by Host Mobility and Spatially Heterogeneous Developmental Delays Combined

Bulletin of Mathematical Biology ◽

10.1007/s11538-021-00874-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 83 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Xue Zhang ◽

Jianhong Wu

Keyword(s):

Delay Differential Equations ◽

Developmental Delays ◽

Coupled System ◽

Single Species ◽

Adult Tick ◽

Life Cycles ◽

Positive Equilibrium ◽

Tick Population ◽

Host Mobility ◽

Delay Differential

AbstractWe consider a coupled system of delay differential equations for a single-species tick population dynamics, assuming feeding adult ticks are distributed by their hosts in a spatially heterogeneous environment consisting of two patches where egg ticks produced will complete their life cycles with different, normal and diapause, developmental delays. We show that the mobility of adult tick host and the diapause developmental delay combined drive a synchronized oscillation in the total tick populations around a uniquely defined positive equilibrium, and this synchronization makes the oscillatory patterns much simpler in comparison with multi-peak oscillations exhibited in the absence of host mobility.

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The Evolution of Isochores: Evidence From SNP Frequency Distributions

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/162.4.1805 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 162 (4) ◽

pp. 1805-1810 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Martin J Lercher ◽

Nick G C Smith ◽

Adam Eyre-Walker ◽

Laurence D Hurst

Keyword(s):

Population Genetics ◽

Large Scale ◽

Gc Content ◽

Nucleotide Composition ◽

Compositional Variation ◽

Mutation Bias ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Frequency Distributions ◽

Noncoding Regions ◽

Standard Population

AbstractThe large-scale systematic variation in nucleotide composition along mammalian and avian genomes has been a focus of the debate between neutralist and selectionist views of molecular evolution. Here we test whether the compositional variation is due to mutation bias using two new tests, which do not assume compositional equilibrium. In the first test we assume a standard population genetics model, but in the second we make no assumptions about the underlying population genetics. We apply the tests to single-nucleotide polymorphism data from noncoding regions of the human genome. Both models of neutral mutation bias fit the frequency distributions of SNPs segregating in low- and medium-GC-content regions of the genome adequately, although both suggest compositional nonequilibrium. However, neither model fits the frequency distribution of SNPs from the high-GC-content regions. In contrast, a simple population genetics model that incorporates selection or biased gene conversion cannot be rejected. The results suggest that mutation biases are not solely responsible for the compositional biases found in noncoding regions.

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Hierarchical Analysis of Genetic Structure in Native Fire Ant Populations: Results From Three Classes of Molecular Markers

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/147.2.643 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 147 (2) ◽

pp. 643-655 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kenneth G Ross ◽

Michael J B Krieger ◽

D DeWayne Shoemaker ◽

Edward L Vargo ◽

Laurent Keller

Keyword(s):

Gene Flow ◽

Genetic Structure ◽

Solenopsis Invicta ◽

Large Scale ◽

Fire Ant ◽

Nuclear Markers ◽

Social Forms ◽

Native Populations ◽

Nest Level ◽

Nuclear Differentiation

We describe genetic structure at various scales in native populations of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta using two classes of nuclear markers, allozymes and microsatellites, and markers of the mitochondrial genome. Strong structure was found at the nest level in both the monogyne (single queen) and polygyne (multiple queen) social forms using allozymes. Weak but significant microgeographic structure was detected above the nest level in polygyne populations but not in monogyne populations using both classes of nuclear markers. Pronounced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) differentiation was evident also at this level in the polygyne form only. These microgeographic patterns are expected because polygyny in ants is associated with restricted local gene flow due mainly to limited vagility of queens. Weak but significant nuclear differentiation was detected between sympatric social forms, and strong mtDNA differentiation also was found at this level. Thus, queens of each form seem unable to establish themselves in nests of the alternate type, and some degree of assortative mating by form may exist as well. Strong differentiation was found between the two study regions usinga all three sets of markers. Phylogeographic analyses of the mtDNA suggest that recent limitations on gene flow rather than longstanding barriers to dispersal are responsible for this large-scale structure.

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