scholarly journals Physiological Analysis and Transcriptome Profiling of Inverted Cuttings of Populus yunnanensis Reveal That Cell Wall Metabolism Plays a Crucial Role in Responding to Inversion

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 572 ◽  
Author(s):  
An-Pei Zhou ◽  
Dan Zong ◽  
Pei-Hua Gan ◽  
Xin-Lian Zou ◽  
Xuan Fei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Pectin Methylesterase ◽  
Uridine Diphosphate ◽  
Cell Wall Metabolism ◽  
Physiological Analysis ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
Lateral Branches

Inverted cuttings of Populus yunnanensis remain alive by rooting from the original morphological apex and sprouting from the base, but the lateral branches exhibit less vigorous growth than those of the upright plant. In this study, we examined the changes in hormone contents, oxidase activities, and transcriptome profiles between upright and inverted cuttings of P. yunnanensis. The results showed that the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) contents were significantly lower in inverted cuttings than in upright cuttings only in the late growth period (September and October), while the abscisic acid (ABA) level was always similar between the two direction types. The biosynthesis of these hormones was surprisingly unrelated to the inversion of P. yunnanensis during the vegetative growth stage (July and August). Increased levels of peroxidases (PODs) encoded by 13 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) served as lignification promoters that protected plants against oxidative stress. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that most DEGs (107) were related to carbohydrate metabolism. Furthermore, altered activities of uridine diphosphate (UDP)-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USP, 15 DEGs) for nucleotide sugars, pectin methylesterase (PME, 7 DEGs) for pectin, and POD (13 DEGs) for lignin were important factors in the response of the trees to inversion, and these enzymes are all involved cell wall metabolism.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Profiling of the Green Alga Spirogyra pratensis (Charophyta) Suggests an Ancestral Role for Ethylene in Cell Wall Metabolism, Photosynthesis, and Abiotic Stress Responses

2016 ◽  
Vol 172 (1) ◽  
pp. 533-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bram Van de Poel ◽  
Endymion D. Cooper ◽  
Dominique Van Der Straeten ◽  
Caren Chang ◽  
Charles F. Delwiche
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Cell Wall Metabolism

scholarly journals High-CO2 Treatment Prolongs the Postharvest Shelf Life of Strawberry Fruits by Reducing Decay and Cell Wall Degradation

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1649
Author(s):  
Hyang-Lan Eum ◽  
Seung-Hyun Han ◽  
Eun-Jin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Pectate Lyase ◽  
Pectin Methylesterase ◽  
Cell Wall Degradation ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Co2 Treatment

Improved methods are needed to extend the shelf life of strawberry fruits. The objective of this study was to determine the postharvest physiological mechanism of high-CO2 treatment in strawberries. Harvested strawberries were stored at 10 °C after 3 h of exposure to a treatment with 30% CO2 or air. Pectin and gene expression levels related to cell wall degradation were measured to assess the high-CO2 effects on the cell wall and lipid metabolism. Strawberries subjected to high-CO2 treatment presented higher pectin content and firmness and lower decay than those of control fruits. Genes encoding cell wall-degrading enzymes (pectin methylesterase, polygalacturonase, and pectate lyase) were downregulated after high-CO2 treatment. High-CO2 induced the expression of oligogalacturonides, thereby conferring defense against Botrytis cinerea in strawberry fruits, and lowering the decay incidence at seven days after its inoculation. Our findings suggest that high-CO2 treatment can maintain strawberry quality by reducing decay and cell wall degradation.

Cell wall metabolism during durian fruit dehiscence

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Khurnpoon ◽  
J. Siriphanich ◽  
J.M. Labavitch
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Metabolism ◽  
Fruit Dehiscence

Abstract P748: Transcriptome Profiling of the Neural Stem Cell Niche and the Effect of Exercise in Restoring Neurogenesis in Type II Diabetic Mice

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gratianne Rabiller ◽  
Atsushi Kanoke ◽  
Jialing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Neural Regeneration ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Neurogenic Niche

Introduction: Previously we found that mice with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) exhibited an accelerated age-associated decline in neurogenesis during baseline and after ischemic stroke compared to age-matched control mice. The current study sought to delineate the transcriptome landscape involved in the impaired neurogenesis and determine if exercise can prevent the deleterious effect of T2DM on neural regeneration. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that T2DM alters signaling pathways regulating neurogenesis and daily exercise mitigates the deleterious effect on neurogenesis in the T2DM mice. Methods: Transcriptome profiling was performed by single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) of SVZ and DG cells in stroke and non-stroke mice using the 10X Genomics platform. T2DM-induced differential gene expression was analyzed by ClusterProfiler and Wikipathways enrichment analysis. Middle-aged (~260 days old) and old (~700 days old) db/+ or db/db mice were subjected to daily wheel-running exercise for one month. BrdU at 50 mg/kg twice daily for 2 consecutive days was injected i.p. at the end of the experiment to track proliferating neuroprogenitor cells. DCX+ cells and BrDU+ cells were quantified in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Results: The scRNAseq analysis revealed multiple cell types co-existing in the neurogenic niche. GO and Wikipathways enrichment analysis showed that under diabetic condition, genes such as Qdpr, Hsp90ab1, Hsp90aa1, and Sox9 were downregulated in pathways involving eNOS activation; whereas Junb, C1qc, C1qb and C1qa were upregulated in the pathways related to oxidative stress. Exercise, known to increase eNOS expression and reduce oxidative stress-induced cell death, significantly restored the number of DCX+ immature neurons in 8-months-old diabetic mice almost to the level of the control mice without exercise Conclusions: Exercise restores neurogenesis by increasing the number of neuroblasts in the middle-aged diabetic mice. Ongoing experiment will investigate whether exercise promotes neurogenesis by enhancing eNOS and improved blood flow, and inducing genes involved in the survival of the NSC niche of the diabetic mice.

scholarly journals Pectin methylesterase, metal ions and plant cell-wall extension. Hydrolysis of pectin by plant cell-wall pectin methylesterase

1991 ◽  
Vol 279 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Nari ◽  
G Noat ◽  
J Ricard
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Enzyme Reaction ◽  
Pectin Methylesterase ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Enzyme Molecules ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate catalysed by pectin methylesterase is competitively inhibited by pectin and does not require metal ions to occur. The results suggest that the activastion by metal ions may be explained by assuming that they interact with the substrate rather than with the enzyme. With pectin used as substrate, metal ions are required in order to allow the hydrolysis to occur in the presence of pectin methylesterase. This is explained by the existence of ‘blocks’ of carboxy groups on pectin that may trap enzyme molecules and thus prevent the enzyme reaction occurring. Metal ions may interact with these negatively charged groups, thus allowing the enzyme to interact with the ester bonds to be cleaved. At high concentrations, however, metal ions inhibit the enzyme reaction. This is again understandable on the basis of the view that some carboxy groups must be adjacent to the ester bond to be cleaved in order to allow the reaction to proceed. Indeed, if these groups are blocked by metal ions, the enzyme reaction cannot occur, and this is the reason for the apparent inhibition of the reaction by high concentrations of metal ions. Methylene Blue, which may be bound to pectin, may replace metal ions in the ‘activation’ and ‘inhibition’ of the enzyme reaction. A kinetic model based on these results has been proposed and fits the kinetic data very well. All the available results favour the view that metal ions do not affect the reaction through a direct interaction with enzyme, but rather with pectin.

scholarly journals Sheep Digestive Physiology and Constituents of Feeds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Medjekal ◽  
Mouloud Ghadbane
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
The Common

Sheep have a gastrointestinal tract similar to that of other ruminants. Their stomach is made up of four digestive organs: the rumen, the reticulum, the omasum and the abomasum. The rumen plays a role in storing ingested foods, which are fermented by a complex anaerobic rumen microbiota population with different types of interactions, positive or negative, that can occur between their microbial populations. Sheep feeding is largely based on the use of natural or cultivated fodder, which is exploited in green by grazing during the growth period of the grass and in the form of fodder preserved during the winter period. Ruminant foods are essentially of plant origin, and their constituents belong to two types of structures: intracellular constituents and cell wall components. Cellular carbohydrates play a role of metabolites or energy reserves; soluble carbohydrates account for less than 10% dry matter (DM) of foods. The plant cell wall is multi-layered and consists of primary wall and secondary wall. Fundamentally, the walls are deposited at an early stage of growth. A central blade forms the common boundary layer between two adjacent cells and occupies the location of the cell plate. Most of the plant cell walls consist of polysaccharides (cellulose, hemicellulose and pectic substances) and lignin, these constituents being highly polymerized, as well as proteins and tannins.

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