scholarly journals Engineering Characterization of Subgrade Soils of Jimma Town, Ethiopia, for Roadway Design

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Alemineh Sorsa ◽  
Sanjaya Senadheera ◽  
Yoseph Birru
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Soil Characterization ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Subgrade Soil ◽  
Geotechnical Investigations ◽  
Jimma Town

Soils are naturally occurring materials that carry loads of civil engineering structures including roads and buildings. However, not all natural soils are suitable for such uses due to limited strength and instability under varying environmental conditions. A lack of adequate geotechnical investigations and soil characterization can result in the over-design of foundations, unexpected excavations to remove unsuitable soils, cost overruns, construction delays; and, contract disputes. In this research, an experimental plan was executed to determine the engineering properties of subgrade soil in Jimma Town in southwestern Ethiopia by using both disturbed and undisturbed soil samples. The plan included tests to determine the moisture content, specific gravity, grain-size analysis, Atterberg limits, compaction-density relationship, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), unconfined compression strength, and triaxial shear strength. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was also conducted to determine the chemical composition of the soil. The soil characterization indicated that soft clay is the predominant subgrade soil type and that it has a very low load-bearing capacity, high plasticity, low strength and, high compressibility, which makes the soil unsuitable to serve as a highway subgrade without the help of soil improvement techniques.

scholarly journals Geotechnical Properties of Rubber Tires and Sediments Mixtures

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 618-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sellaf ◽  
H. Trouzine ◽  
M. Hamhami ◽  
A. Asroun
Keyword(s):  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Dredged Sediment ◽  
Scrap Tire ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Tire Rubber ◽  
North West ◽  
Scrap Tire Rubber

An experimental work was undertaken to study the effect of rubber tires on the geotechnical properties of a dredged sediment, using a mixing ratio of large size. For comparison, two types of soil were studied (dredged sediment from Fergoug dam and Tizi Tuff from the north west of Algeria). Taking into account the high compressibility and the low water absorption of the rubber tires, grain size analysis, density, Atterberg limits analysis, chemical composition, direct shear tests, loading-unloading tests, modified Proctor and CBR tests are performed on the two soils and their mixtures with different scrap tire rubber (10, 20, 25 and 50%). The results show that liquid limits and plastic indexes decrease with the scrap tire rubber content and that the decrease is more significant for soil with high plasticity. Cohesion also decreases with scrap tire rubber content when the internal friction angle is vacillating. Compression and recompression indexes increase gradually with the scrap tire rubber content and the variation for compression index is more significant for the two soils. Compaction characteristics and CBR values decrease with scrap tire rubber content. The CBR values for W=3% are important compared to those with W=5% excepted for mixture with (75% tuff and 25% scrap tire rubber). The results show that the scrap tire rubber can be used as a reinforcement material for dredged soil, but with a content that should not highly affect the compressibility.

scholarly journals Study the Geotechnical Properties for Recent Deposits/AL-Fursan Area North of Tikrit

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Salih Rakan Shalal ◽  
Mohammed Rashid Abood ◽  
Amera Ismail Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Internal Friction ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cohesion Strength ◽  
Area North ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Four sites with different depth in AL-Fursan area/ North Tikrit city were selected for recent deposits sampling. The geotechnical properties of soil were tested and improvement of engineering properties of soil by cement was carried out. The geotechnical properties  test results revealed that the moisture content ranges between (0.53 -1.45)% which is low because of  sampling in summer season, while the grain size analysis show that the soil at the study area is coarse soil (sand) with fines. The soil type in the first site is clayey sand (SC), the second site contains sand with equal percentage of silt and clay (SC- SM) , the third and fourth site types are silty sand (SM). The specific gravity ranges between (2.46- 2.72) sites (1,2,3) are low liquid limit and low swelling index but the fourth site is moderate. The value of cohesion strength for the four sites are (16, 13, 1, 8)kPa respectively, sites (1) and (2)  are moderate cohesion while sites (3) and (4) are non-cohesion, none plastic and un active. The low values of cohesion strength belongs to high percentage of coarse particles in the area. The values of internal friction angles ranges between (300- 370). The consolidation test results revealed  that all sites were moderate compressive index except the first site which is low compressive and low swelling. The study area soil are neutral and high content of gypsum and soluble Dissolved salts and also high organic content. The soil improvement by cement tests results show increasing of cohesion and internal friction angle and the compaction test results show the samples are well sorted.   http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.087

scholarly journals KETERDAPATAN MINERAL LEMPUNG SMEKTIT YANG MEMPUNYAI SIFAT PLASTISITAS TINGGI DI PERAIRAN CIREBON, JAWA BARAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Purnomo Raharjo ◽  
Lili Sarmili
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Plasticity Index ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Very High

Salah satu masalah dalam pembangunan infrastruktur di atas tanah lempung adalah sifatnya  yang mengembang (swelling). Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui sifat fisik dan keteknikan tanah lempung di perairan Cirebon. Metode penelitian meliputi pemboran, besar butir, analisis mineral dan uji Atterberg. Hasil analisis ukuran butir dari contoh tanah tidak terganggu didominasi oleh lempung, sedangkan mineral lempungnya menunjukkan jenis smektit yang lebih banyak dari pada kaolinit. Kaolinit dan montmorilonit  mempunyai kadar air yang tinggi. Nilai plastisitasnya tinggi sampai sangat tinggi dengan nilai aktifitas di atas 0,5. Berdasarkan hasil uji Atterberg plastisitas Index lempung  dengan nilai >17 dapat dikategorikan bersifat plastisitas tinggi dan kompak (High Plasticity and cohesive). Kata kunci : Mineral smektit, plastisitas tinggi, uji Atterberg, analisis mineral lempung, perairan Cirebon.One of the problems in the construction of infrastructure on top of clay is that it is expanding (swelling). The research objective was to determine the physical and engineering properties of clay in the waters of Cirebon. Methods of research include drilling, grain size analyses, mineral analysis and Atterberg test. The results of the analysis of the grain size of the sample undisturbed soil dominated by clay which are indicated and dominated by smectite rather than kaolinite. Kaolinite and monmorilonite are high in water content. The plasticity value  is high to very high with activity value above 0.5. Based on the results of Atterberg test, clay plasticity index with values >17 can be considered to be of high plasticity and compact (High Plasticity and cohesive).Keywords: smectite minerals, high plasticity, Atterberg test, clay minerals analysis, Cirebon waters.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Semen Slag untuk Stabilisasi Tanah dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Nilai CBR Berdasarkan Variasi Kadar Air Sisi Basah Optimum

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-140
Author(s):  
Enden Mina ◽  
Woelandari Fathonah ◽  
Rama Indera Kusuma ◽  
Naufal Abdurrasyid
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
California Bearing Ratio ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Slag Cement ◽  
Test Soil

Many of the damage in road construction occurred because the soil did not have a good bearing capacity, therefore soil improvement was needed to increase the strength of the soil. One of the damaged roads that occur due to the lack of soil bearing capacity is at Priyayi Mosque Village Road, Kasemen District, Serang City which has a low carrying capacity with a CBR value of 1.99%. In this study, several tests were carried out, soil physical and California Bearing Ratio test. Soil physical tests carried out were water content, soil density, grain size analysis, Atterberg limits, compaction test and, CBR with the addition of slag cement with variations of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% based on Variation of optimum wet side moisture content. The result of soil physical properties testing obtained the type of soil is an organic clay with high plasticity. The results of the California Bearing Ratio test on the original soil had a CBR value of 2.4% and there was an increase to the optimum at the addition of 15% Slag Cement in 0 and 3 days of curing with a CBR value of 11.2% and 15.25%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the cement slag content of 15% with 3 days of curing time can increase the bearing capacity of the soil and fulfill the requirements as a good road subgrade

scholarly journals Unified Evaluation of Consolidation Parameters for Low to High Plastic Range of Cohesive Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
Zia ur Rehman State ◽  
Khalid Farooq ◽  
Hassan Mujtaba ◽  
Usama Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Cohesive Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Cohesive Soils ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Index Properties ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Index Compression ◽  
The Right ◽  
Consolidation Parameters

Knowing the engineering properties of geomaterials is imperative to make the right decision while designing and executing any geotechnical project. For the economical and safe geotechnical design, quick characterization of the compressibility properties of the cohesive soil is often desirable; these properties are indeed tedious to determine through actual tests. Therefore, correlating the consolidation parameters of the soils with its index properties has a great significance in the geotechnical engineering field. Several attempts have been made in the past to develop correlations between the consolidation parameters and index properties of the cohesive soils, within certain limitations. However, there is still a need to develop such correlations based on the extensive database, composing of unified plasticity range of soils, i.e., low to high plasticity. In the current study, 148 undisturbed soil specimens were obtained from different areas of Pakistan. Out of which 120 samples were utilized to develop correlations, and 28 samples were used to check the validity of the developed correlations. In order to enhance the index properties database, 30 more bentonite mixed soil samples were prepared and tested accordingly. Correlations to envisage different consolidation parameters such as compression index, compression ratio and coefficient of volume compressibility were developed using 150 cohesive soil samples of low to high plasticity. In addition, the performance of these developed correlations was verified on a set of 40 soil samples and compared with the performance of different correlations available in the literature. The percentage deviation in the prediction of compressibility characteristics through developed correlations in the present study was found to be very less, which endorsed the excellent reliability of the developed correlations.

scholarly journals Insights from the Engineering Geological Mapping of Four Basement Rocks Derived Soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 16-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwaseun Franklin Olabode ◽  
Yinusa Ayodele Asiwaju-Bello
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Engineering Geological Mapping ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Natural Moisture Content ◽  
Basement Rocks

Due to the rapid expansion and associated construction of civil engineering structures on the Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA) campus, there arose an urgent need for an engineering geological mapping of the underlying soils (residual soils). Generalized geological mapping revealed four types of basement rocks namely migmatite-gneisses, granites, quartzites and charnockites. Results from the fifty (50) soil samples from twenty-five test pits collected all over the spread of the campus coverage of 6.4 km2revealed that the campus is underlain by soils of granular and clayey composition, generally lateritic, having reddish to brownish colour. Engineering geological tests such as natural moisture content, particle size analysis, consistency limits, California bearing ratio and consolidation were carried out on the soils following standard procedures revealed that the values of natural moisture content do not generally follow a consistent pattern and varied from location to location. The grain size characteristics curve, displayed 84% and 16% subsoils are of well graded and poorly graded type respectively. The soils were grouped into CL (low plasticity), CI (medium plasticity) and CH (high plasticity) from consistency limits results. Compaction characteristics of the subsoils revealed 36% and 64% representative of fair to good and poor to very poor foundation materials respectively. Soils with settlement rates greater than 1mm/year were designated as high settlement subsoils. 72% and 28% of the subsoils fell into hard to stiff and soft categories from the shear strength characteristics respectively, and classified as c-ø soils. California Bearing Ratios values range from 10 – 70, indicating their suitability for pavement construction. Conclusively, areas underlain by migmatite-gneiss and charnockite-derived soils, and granite and quartzite-derived soils possessed low and high strength characteristics respectively which can be attributed to their textural characteristics. The subsoils of the entire campus spread are however capable of bearing very substantial loads.

scholarly journals Geochemical and Mineralogical Characterisation of Historic Zn–Pb Mine Waste, Plombières, East Belgium

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Srećko Bevandić ◽  
Rosie Blannin ◽  
Jacqueline Vander Auwera ◽  
Nicolas Delmelle ◽  
David Caterina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Mine Wastes ◽  
Metallurgical Waste ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
Potential Applications

Mine wastes and tailings derived from historical processing may contain significant contents of valuable metals due to processing being less efficient in the past. The Plombières tailings pond in eastern Belgium was selected as a case study to determine mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the different mine waste materials found at the site. Four types of material were classified: soil, metallurgical waste, brown tailings and yellow tailings. The distribution of the mine wastes was investigated with drill holes, pit-holes and geophysical methods. Samples of the materials were assessed with grain size analysis, and mineralogical and geochemical techniques. The mine wastes dominantly consist of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3. The cover material, comprising soil and metallurgical waste is highly heterogeneous in terms of mineralogy, geochemistry and grain size. The metallurgical waste has a high concentration of metals (Zn: 0.1 to 24 wt.% and Pb: 0.1 to 10.1 wt.%). In the tailings materials, Pb and Zn vary from 10 ppm to 8.5 wt.% and from 51 ppm to 4 wt.%, respectively. The mining wastes comprises mainly quartz, amorphous phases and phyllosilicates, with minor contents of Fe-oxide and Pb- and Zn-bearing minerals. Based on the mineralogical and geochemical properties, the different potential applications of the four waste material types were determined. Additionally, the theoretical economic potential of Pb and Zn in the mine wastes was estimated.

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