scholarly journals Heavy Metal Rules. I. Exoplanet Incidence and Metallicity

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vardan Adibekyan
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Giant Planet ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Lively Debate ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Host Stars ◽  
Homogeneous Data

The discovery of only a handful of exoplanets required establishing a correlation between giant planet occurrence and metallicity of their host stars. More than 20 years have already passed from that discovery, however, many questions are still under lively debate: (1) What is the origin of that relation?; (2) What is the exact functional form of the giant planet–metallicity relation (in the metal-poor regime)?; and (3) Does such a relation exist for terrestrial planets? All of these questions are very important for our understanding of the formation and evolution of (exo)planets of different types around different types of stars and are the subject of the present manuscript. Besides making a comprehensive literature review about the role of metallicity on the formation of exoplanets, I also revisited most of the planet–metallicity related correlations reported in the literature using a large and homogeneous data provided by the SWEET-Cat catalog. This study led to several new results and conclusions, two of which I believe deserve to be highlighted in the abstract: (i) the hosts of sub-Jupiter mass planets (∼0.6–0.9 M♃) are systematically less metallic than the hosts of Jupiter-mass planets. This result might be related to the longer disk lifetime and the higher amount of planet building materials available at high metallicities, which allow a formation of more massive Jupiter-like planets; (ii) contrary to the previous claims, our data and results do not support the existence of a breakpoint planetary mass at 4 M♃ above and below which planet formation channels are different. However, the results also suggest that planets of the same (high) mass can be formed through different channels depending on the (disk) stellar mass i.e., environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Extra-solar Planets: Clues to Planetary Formation

2004 ◽  
Vol 219 ◽  
pp. 311-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno C. Santos ◽  
Michel Mayor ◽  
Dominique Naef ◽  
Francesco Pepe ◽  
Didier Queloz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Radial Velocity ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Giant Planet ◽  
Planetary Systems ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Planetary Formation ◽  
Orbital Elements ◽  
Host Stars

Radial velocity surveys have revealed up to now about 115 extra-solar planets, among which a few multi-planetary systems. The discovered planets present a wide variety of orbital elements and masses, which are raising many problems and questions regarding the processes involved in their formation. The statistical analysis of the distributions of orbital elements, planetary masses, and relations between these, is however already giving some strong constraints on the formation of the planetary systems. Furthermore, the study of the planet host stars has revealed the crucial role of the stellar metallicity on the giant planet formation. In this paper we will review the current status of the research on this subject.

scholarly journals On the role of interdisciplinary, transdiscliprinary, and philosophical knowledge in modern higher education

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 01017
Author(s):  
Zoya D. Denikina ◽  
Anatoly V. Denikin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
System Level ◽  
Practical Solution ◽  
Classical Education ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject

The article traces the substantial and functional evolution of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary knowledge and its integration into the theory and practice of higher education. The method of distinguishing between classical, non-classical, and post-non-classical rationality is used to disclose the specifics of university transdisciplinarity. The proposed hypothesis suggests that in non-classical and post-non-classical education, different types of studied objectivity exist while when the subject boundaries are fixed, various forms of subject uncertainty are observed. Difficulties in the practice of non-classical education are associated with the objective of overcoming double uncertainty. In one case, the onedimensionality of the study depends on the choice of ontological conditions that are only sufficient for a given monodiscipline. In another case, the task of combining the intervals of studying a subject in the framework of multidisciplinary knowledge is being solved. Transdisciplinarity manifests primarily through educational modeling technologies. What can be attributed to the specifics of post-non-classical education is the study of two types of objectivity: the system-level reality in cases of severe disequilibrium and the system-operational reality in cases of mild disequilibrium. Thus, the subject area demonstrates substantial and systemic uncertainty. It is concluded that the study of systemic objects as a part of the educational process requires interdisciplinary efforts and is carried out in line with the following scheme: problem – project – concept – practical solution.

scholarly journals EVOLUTION OF ABSOLUTE PARTICIPIAL CONSTRUCTION IN LANGUAGES OF ROMANCE, GERMANIC, AND SLAVIC GROUPS

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1182-1192
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Bogoyavlenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Binary Structure ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Logical Subject ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Absolute

The study was carried out within the framework of the current problems associated with the evolution of the absolute participial construction in several living and extinct languages of the Romance, Germanic and Slavic groups. The controversial issues, versions of the origin and development of the structure in these languages ("Latin", "Greek" and "autochthonous") are discussed. The structural and semantic features of the absolute participial construction are compared. It has been established that in the languages under study, the construction has a binary structure that includes a name (noun or pronoun) playing the role of a logical subject, and a participle in the role of a logical predicate. Together with the main sentence, the construction forms a paratactic syntactic complex, the constituents of which are not connected with each other by means of service words. Similarities include the ability to express definitively or syncretically temporary meaning; as for the differences, they are the expression in some languages of a causal, conditional, concessive, target, connecting meaning. Depending on the peculiarities of the development of grammatical systems of languages, the structure may include participles of different types, prepositions may be present, the structure may take both the general case form and another case fixed by the language for this type of structures. The words order, which can be either direct or inverse or depend on the transmitted meaning or part of speech of the subject, also differs in the languages. In conclusion, the necessity of further comprehensive analysis of this type of structures is substantiated.

scholarly journals The distinction between polysemy and homonymy on lexical ambiguity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Restu Resmiyati
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
English Language ◽  
Lexical Ambiguity ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Semantic Ambiguity ◽  
Ambiguous Words ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Multiple Meanings

The majority of words in the English language does not correspond to a single meaning, but rather correspond to two or more unrelated meanings (i.e., are homonymy) or multiple related senses (i.e., are polysemy). It has been proposed that the different types of “semantically-ambiguous words” (i.e., words with more than one meaning) are processed and represented differently in the human mind. Several review papers and books have been written on the subject of semantic ambiguity have investigated the role of the semantic similarity between the multiple meanings of ambiguous words on processing and representation. This paper attempts to identify salient traits of distinctions between the polysemy and the homonymy words in a language and how they form ambiguity. Key words: lexical ambiguity, polysemy, homonymy

Deal Structures

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kershaw
Keyword(s):  
Third Party ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Publicly Traded ◽  
Publicly Traded Companies ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Control Schemes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject

This Chapter considers the nature and characteristics of different deal structures: the different ways in which a control transaction can be effected. It commences with an analysis of asset deals, which - although we do not encounter in the context of the takeovers of publicly traded companies which are the subject of this book – assist in understanding the nature of other deal structures as well as understanding the ways in which deal risk can be managed and, to a limited but important extent, assist in understanding certain Code rules. The Chapter then considers direct share offers (otherwise known as contractual offers). It analyses their structure as well as the corporate, Listing Rule and third party approvals required to effect a share deal. It also considers the use of compulsory acquisition powers to acquire all the shares in the company following the contractual offer. The Chapter then considers the use of Schemes of Arrangements in control transactions. It details the different types of control schemes, namely transfer schemes and merger schemes, and considers their advantages and disadvantages as compared to contractual offers. It analyses the different stages of the scheme process and the role of the courts in each stage. The final part of the Chapter considers the operation of the UK’s cross border merger regime, introduced to implement the European Union’s Cross Border Mergers Directive.

Hiding resonant planets behind a big friend

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laetitia Rodet ◽  
Dong Lai
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Giant Planet ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Indirect Detection ◽  
Mean Motion ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mean Motion Resonance

<p class="western" align="justify">The characterization of the interplay between the inner and outer parts of planetary systems has long been impractical due to the separated detection ranges of the corresponding observation techniques. However, this gap is closing thanks to the technical improvements of the instruments and the longer observational baselines, and statistical insights are already within reach on the impact of cold Jupiters on super Earths. In this talk, I would like to present a theoretical study on the influence of an external giant planet misaligned with inner resonant planets, within the circular restricted problem. The behavior of the system depends on the relative strength between the coupling of the planets and the perturbations from the outer body. We demonstrated that mean-motion resonance strengthens the inner coupling and is very resilient to the perturbation, surviving periodic relative inclination increases of tens of degrees between the inner planets. This study has applications for the indirect detection of exoplanets, as well as the understanding of their formation and evolution, in particular the role of mean-motion resonance and relative inclinations.</p>

scholarly journals The Subject of Functional Foods: Accounts of Using Foods Containing Phytosterols

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Potential Problem ◽  
Health Consciousness ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Good For ◽  
Late Modern

This paper explores the notion of the late modern or reflexive subject, for whom consumption, rationality, autonomy and a reflexive attitude to risk are said to be constitutive. Drawing on an example of ‘ordinary’ health consumption ( GRONOW and WARDE, 2001 ), the paper addresses what kinds of consumer identities emerge in people's talk about buying or eating foods containing phytosterols. These are ‘functional foods’ which are marketed on the basis that they actively lower cholesterol. Based on interviews with people who say that they buy or eat these foods, the analysis focuses on participants’ reported trajectories relating to how this came about. Participants’ accounts contain a number of explicit and implicit reasons for buying or eating the foods, which I characterise as agential, contextual, or non-agential, depending on the degree to which they draw on the agency of the actual purchaser or eater. These different types of explanations can be ordered in terms of their appeals to rationality, risk consciousness and autonomy. In agential explanations, people talk, for example, of doing something good for themselves, or experimenting with the foods. These explanations explicitly position consumers as health conscious, autonomous and rational to varying degrees. Contextual explanations drew on, for example, the role of doctors or family history in alerting people to a potential problem. These suggest both a different sense of risk consciousness, which may be prompted or contextual, and a less autonomous kind of consumer who is connected to others through a set of family and other relationships. Non-agential explanations, for example, where people attributed their consumption to others or to habit, appeal neither to the rationality, the health consciousness nor the autonomy of the actual consumer. The analysis helps to reinforce the potentially contextual or fluctuating nature of risk consciousness, and the relational and non-instrumental aspects of daily practices.

scholarly journals MORAL AND AESTHETIC CULTURE OF A TEACHER IN LIFE AND PHILOSOPHICAL DIMENSION OF ACADEMICIAN IVAN ZIAZIUN

2018 ◽  
pp. 91-105
Author(s):  
Hryhorii Vasianovych ◽  
Roman Velykyi
Keyword(s):  
Main Idea ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Pedagogical Action ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Teacher Personality ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Main Components

The article analyzes the essence and peculiarities of the moral and aesthetic culture of the teacher personality. Comprehension of this problem is based on philosophical and pedagogical works of academic I. Ziaziun. In the article it is proven that the main idea of the scholar was the idea of cognition and self-cognition. The main components of the structure of the moral and aesthetic culture of the teacher personality – consciousness, relationships and pedagogical action were analyzed. The position and role of the moral and aesthetic culture in the educational activity of teachers were  determined.  The author proves  that  the teacher  personality is the subject of a moral and aesthetic culture, since it is directly integrated with subordinate and coordinate relations of different types. The conclusion was made that in conditions of democratization and humanization of society priority is set on coordinate relations. Therefore, the ideas and principles of pedagogy of cooperation are consistently established. The defining characteristic of the moral and aesthetic culture of the teacher personality is pedagogical action. Its significance goes far beyond the boundaries  of  Ukrainian  educational  institutions  and,  according  to  academic I.  Ziaziun, the progress of the whole society depends on it.

scholarly journals NON-CLASSICAL SUBJECT OF VISION. PART II

2021 ◽  
pp. 423-432
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Komarov ◽  
◽  
Maria A. Lumpova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Previous Article ◽  
Visible Object ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Visual Consciousness ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Classical Subject ◽  
The Relationship

The article is a continuation of the previous article Non-Classical Subject of Vision. Part I and is devoted to the analysis of the eventivity of a non-classical subject. The analysis of non-classical subjectivity in the article is based on the three-part mechanism of the power of distance, power of gaze and power of memory proposed by W. Benjamin. The concept of the image as a mediator through which the subject regains the lost distance with the world is discussed. The article deals with the concepts of the non-classical subject of visuality by J.-P. Sartre and G. Didi-Huberman as different types of transformation of the power of gaze and the role of memory in non-classical vision. Important elements of the concept of «scanty image» by J.-P. Sartre are analyzed: criticism of the naive understanding of the immanence of consciousness and the world, criticism of images as a weak copy of the object of observation, the development of a specific givenness of a thing in an image through its distant present absence. It is shown that the theory of «scanty image» breaks the unreal objects of visual consciousness and the sensually perceived world into two poles that are not connected with each other. Therefore, in Sartre’s concept, the relationship with the world — both in visual and sensory comprehension of reality, turns out to be problematic. In the theory of G. Didi-Huberman, built on the reorganization of the understanding of the aura in technically reproducible art, a deeper understanding of the image is given. The presence as well as the absence of things of the world do not appear as separate from each other, but turn out to be the dialectical unity of the game of near and far (Fort-Da). The article discusses this dialectical understanding of the relationship between the man and the world, which acts as an incessant rhythm of approaching and removing a visible object. In this eventful space of a vision (D. Joselit) turns a thing into a hybrid object, and the person appears as a flickering subject of vision.

scholarly journals Kantian Philosophy and ‘Linguistic Kantianism’

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-45
Author(s):  
Mikhail A. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cognitive Faculties ◽  
Intellectual Milieu ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Linguistic Determinism ◽  
Kantian Philosophy

The expression “linguistic Kantianism” is widely used to refer to ideas about thought and cognition being determined by language — a conception characteristic of 20th century analytic philosophy. In this article, I conduct a comparative analysis of Kant’s philosophy and views falling under the umbrella expression “linguistic Kantianism.” First, I show that “linguistic Kantianism” usually presupposes a relativistic conception that is alien to Kant’s philosophy (although Kant’s philosophy itself may be perceived as relativistic from a certain point of view). Second, I analyse Kant’s treatment of linguistic determinism and the place of his ideas in the 18th century intellectual milieu and provide an overview of relevant contemporary literature. Third, I show that authentic Kantianism and “linguistic Kantianism” belong to two different types of transcendentalism, to which I respectively refer as the “transcendentalism of the subject” and the “transcendentalism of the medium.” The transcendentalism of the subject assigns a central role to the faculties of the cognising subject (according to Kant, cognition is not the conforming of a subject’s intuitions and understanding to objects, but rather the application of a subject’s cognitive faculties to them). The transcendentalism of the medium assigns the role of an “active” element neither to the external world nor to the faculties of the cognising subject, but to something in between — language, in the case of “linguistic Kantianism.” I conclude that the expression “linguistic Kantianism” can be misleading when it comes to the origins of this theory. It would be more appropriate to refer to this theory by the expression “linguistic transcendentalism,” thus avoiding an incorrect reference to Kant.

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