scholarly journals Lessons from South Korea Regarding the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Outbreak

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Cheol Chang ◽  
Jong Hyun Baek ◽  
Donghwi Park
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Online Newspapers ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Rapid Transmission ◽  
The Government ◽  
Testing Patient ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

South Korea has experienced difficulty in controlling the spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early stages of the outbreak. South Korea remains passionately determined to protect Koreans against COVID-19 and through trial and error hopes to improve the strategies used to limit the outbreak. Here, we review how COVID-19 spread and what prevention strategies were implemented during the early stages of the outbreak in South Korea. We investigated online newspapers published in South Korea from 21 January 2020 to 20 March 2020, and reviewed academic medical articles related to COVID-19. Additionally, we acquired data on COVID-19 cases through the official website for COVID-19 in South Korea. To date, numerous measures have been applied by the government and the medical community during the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak including the reporting of methods for diagnostic testing, patient classification, the introduction of drive-through screening centers, COVID-19 preventive measures, implementation of government policies for the shortage of face masks, and entry restrictions. Here, we present data from the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak and measures to prevent its spread in South Korea. We believe that sharing the experience of South Korea during the COVID-19 outbreak can help other countries to implement strategies to prevent its rapid transmission.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in South Korea: epidemiological and spatiotemporal patterns of the spread and the role of aggressive diagnostic tests in the early phase

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1106-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whanhee Lee ◽  
Seung-Sik Hwang ◽  
Insung Song ◽  
Chaerin Park ◽  
Honghyok Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Start Date ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Background South Korea experienced the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in the early period; thus data from this country could provide significant implications for global mitigation strategies. This study reports how COVID-19 has spread in South Korea and examines the effects of rapid widespread diagnostic testing on the spread of the disease in the early epidemic phase. Methods We collected daily data on the number of confirmed cases, tests and deaths due to COVID-19 from 20 January to 13 April 2020. We estimated the spread pattern with a logistic growth model, calculated the daily reproduction number (Rt) and examined the fatality pattern of COVID-19. Results From the start date of the epidemic in Korea (18 February 2020), the time to peak and plateau were 15.2 and 25 days, respectively. The initial Rt was 3.9 [95% credible interval (CI) 3.7 to 4.2] and declined to <1 after 2 weeks. The initial epidemic doubling time was 3.8 days (3.4 to 4.2 days). The aggressive testing in the early days of the epidemic was associated with reduction in transmission speed of COVID-19. In addition, as of 13 April, the case fatality rate of COVID-19 in Korea was 2.1%, suggesting a positive effect of the targeted treatment policy for severe patients and medical resources. Conclusions Our findings provide important information for establishing and revising action plans based on testing strategies and severe patient care systems, needed to address the unprecedented pandemic.

scholarly journals DISCOVERING SUPPORT NEEDED FOR STARTUPS IN THEIR EARLY STAGES USING ON PENTA HELIX FRAMEWORK

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-221
Author(s):  
Kiki Sudiana ◽  
Erni Tisnawati Sule ◽  
Imas Soemaryani ◽  
Yunizar Yunizar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
The Government

Startup companies are expected to become the new engines of economic growth through the rise of new innovation-based entrepreneurs. The Penta Helix framework is widely used as a framework to analyse factors related to the development of innovation-based companies. The use of the Penta Helix framework as the unit of analysis is considered to be relevant because this framework offers a comprehensive perspective and is in line with the economic development innovation and knowledge-based startups. However, there is a lack of research that has been conducted that analyse the nature of support that can be given to startups at their early-stage of creation using the Penta Helix framework that consists of five stakeholders namely Academicians, Businessmen, Government, Communities. This study aims to propose a conceptual model about the nature of support needed by startups in order to survive in their initial stages by using the Penta Helix Framework. This study is a qualitative one using the Focus Group Discussion method, in which participants are made of six early stages technology-based startup founders and CEOs, who were gathered to conduct several discussions regarding the topics. Our results show that obstacles faced by startups include among other: difficulties in obtaining qualified yet affordable workforce in facing existing competitors, difficulties in increasing sales, difficulties in managing product development costs, no adequate support from the government, and ineffective incubation programs. A model that consists of lists of support that startups need, was depict as main contribution from the discussion, named Penta Helix support for startups. This model offers comprehensive practical guide for policy makers to support startups from five perspectives.

scholarly journals Flattening the curve on COVID-19 : South Korea’s measures in tackling initial outbreak of coronavirus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daejoong Lee ◽  
Kyungmoo Heo ◽  
Yongseok Seo ◽  
Hyerim Ahn ◽  
Kyungran Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Response Team ◽  
Government Experience ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Actual Field ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract The spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is causing an unprecedented crisis around the world, with South Korea being no exception. South Korea experienced a surge of COVID-19 cases on February 19 2020, but was able to flatten the COVID-19 curve in only 20 days without enforcing lockdown measures that restrict the freedom and movement of people. To analyze how South Korea achieved as such, this study is based on the actual field experience of the Korean government's COVID-19 response team who participated in drafting the ‘Tacking COVID-19: Korean experience’ and in-depth analysis on past South Korean government experience from the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome of 2015. This paper finds three prominent factors behind Korea’s responses against COVID-19. First, it is crucial that the government responds as ‘one team’ efficiently to cooperate and respond to COVID-19. Second, a novel approach is needed to combat the spread of the novel coronavirus. Information and communication technology (ICT) had a key role in South Korea's strategy to contain COVID-19. Third, an effective response to COVID-19 was possible due to the successful partnership between the general public and state authorities.

scholarly journals Understanding South Korea’s Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Real-Time Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9571
Author(s):  
Eunsun Jeong ◽  
Munire Hagose ◽  
Hyungul Jung ◽  
Moran Ki ◽  
Antoine Flahault
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Religious Movement ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
First Case ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
The Government ◽  
Public Message

This case study focuses on the epidemiological situation of the COVID-19 outbreak, its impacts and the measures South Korea undertook during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the first case was confirmed on 20 January 2020, South Korea has been actively experiencing the COVID-19 outbreak. In the early stage of the pandemic, South Korea was one of the most-affected countries because of a large outbreak related to meetings of a religious movement, namely the Shincheonji Church of Jesus, in a city called Daegu and North Gyeongsang province. However, South Korea was held as a model for many other countries as it appeared to slow the spread of the outbreak with distinctive approaches and interventions. First of all, with drastic and early intervention strategies it conducted massive tracing and testing in a combination of case isolation. These measures were underpinned by transparent risk communication, civil society mobilization, improvement of accessibility and affordability of the treatment and test, the consistent public message on the potential benefit of wearing a mask, and innovation. Innovative measures include the mobile case-tracing application, mobile self-quarantine safety protection application, mobile self-diagnosis application, and drive-thru screening centres. Meanwhile, the epidemic has brought enormous impacts on society economically and socially. Given its relationship with China, where the outbreak originated, the economic impact in South Korea was predicted to be intense and it was already observed since February due to a decline in exports. The pandemic and measures undertaken by the government also have resulted in social conflicts and debates, human-right concerns, and political tension. Moreover, it was believed that the outbreak of COVID-19 and the governmental responses towards it has brought a huge impact on the general election in April. Despite of the large outbreak in late February, the Korean government has flattened the COVID-19 curve successfully and the downward trend in the number of new cases remained continuously as of 30 April. The most distinctive feature of South Korea’s responses is that South Korea conducted proactive case finding, contacts tracing, and isolations of cases instead of taking traditional measures of the containment of the epidemic such as boarder closures and lockdowns.

scholarly journals Bromhexine Hydrochloride: Potential Approach to Prevent or Treat Early Stage COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Stepanov ◽  
Peter Lierz
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Alveolar Cells ◽  
Potential Approach ◽  
Critical Step ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Antiviral Substance

The most critical step during viral infection is when viruses enter the cell. A novel coronavirusSARS-CoV-2 penetrates into alveolar cells through the transmembrane serine proteaseTMPRSS2. Extensive studies show that a clinically approved drug from Japan and South Korea,camostat mesylate inactivates TMPRSS2 in order to prevent the infection. However, these basicstudies have not been translated to “bedside”, and their effectiveness has not been clinicallyconfirmed yet. Here, we describe another potential antiviral substance, commonly used in theclinical practice as a mucolytics – bromhexine hydrochloride. Causing only few mild sideeffects, it may serve as either a new therapeutic strategy during early stages of the disease or apreventive agent blocking SARS-CoV-2 entry into alveolar cells through TMPRSS2.Therefore, in this review, we discuss these possible approaches based on the current data.

scholarly journals Tracking and forecasting milepost moments of the epidemic in the early-outbreak: framework and applications to the COVID-19

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiwen Wang ◽  
Yanwen Zhang ◽  
Shan Lu ◽  
Shanshan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Reasonable Assumption ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Precise Prediction ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: The outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has attracted global attention. In the early stage of the outbreak, the most important question concerns some meaningful milepost moments, including the time when the number of daily confirmed cases decreases, the time when the number of daily confirmed cases becomes smaller than that of the daily removed (recovered and death), and the time when the number of daily confirmed cases and patients treated in hospital becomes zero. Unfortunately, it is extremely difficult to make right and precise prediction due to the limited amount of available data at the early stage of the outbreak. To address it, in this paper, we propose a flexible framework incorporating the effectiveness of the government control to forecast the whole process of a new unknown infectious disease in its early-outbreak. Methods: We first establish the iconic indicators to characterize the extent of epidemic spread. Then we develop the tracking and forecasting procedure with mild and reasonable assumption. Finally we apply it to analyze and evaluate the COVID-19 using the public available data for mainland China beyond Hubei Province from the China Centers for Disease Control (CDC) during the period of Jan 29th, 2020, to Feb 29th, 2020, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed procedure. Results: Forecasting results indicate that the number of newly confirmed cases will become zero in the mid-early March, and the number of patients treated in the hospital will become zero between mid-March and mid-April in mainland China beyond Hubei Province. Conclusions: The framework proposed in this paper can help people get a general understanding of the epidemic trends in counties where COVID-19 are raging as well as any other outbreaks of new and unknown infectious diseases in the future.

scholarly journals Tracking and forecasting milepost moments of the epidemic in the early-outbreak: framework and applications to the COVID-19

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Huiwen Wang ◽  
Yanwen Zhang ◽  
Shan Lu ◽  
Shanshan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Government Control ◽  
The Public ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Precise Prediction ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: The outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has attracted global attention. In the early stage of the outbreak, the most important question concerns some meaningful milepost moments, including the time when the number of daily confirmed cases decreases, the time when the number of daily confirmed cases becomes smaller than that of the daily removed (recovered and death), and the time when the number of daily confirmed cases and patients treated in hospital, which can be called “active cases”, becomes zero. Unfortunately, it is extremely difficult to make right and precise prediction due to the limited amount of available data at the early stage of the outbreak. To address it, in this paper, we propose a flexible framework incorporating the effectiveness of the government control to forecast the whole process of a new unknown infectious disease in its early-outbreak. Methods: We first establish the iconic indicators to characterize the extent of epidemic spread. Then we develop the tracking and forecasting procedure with mild and reasonable assumptions. Finally we apply it to analyze and evaluate the COVID-19 outbreak using the public available data for mainland China beyond Hubei Province from the China Centers for Disease Control (CDC) during the period of Jan 29th, 2020, to Feb 29th, 2020, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed procedure. Results: Forecasting results indicate that the number of newly confirmed cases will become zero in the mid-early March, and the number of patients treated in the hospital will become zero between mid-March and mid-April in mainland China beyond Hubei Province. Conclusions: The framework proposed in this paper can help people get a general understanding of the epidemic trends in countries where COVID-19 are raging as well as any other outbreaks of new and unknown infectious diseases in the future.

Coronavirus: Towards controlling of the pandemic - Indian scenario

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 462-468
Author(s):  
Latika kothari ◽  
Sanskruti Wadatkar ◽  
Roshni Taori ◽  
Pavan Bajaj ◽  
Diksha Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a communicable infection caused by the novel coronavirus resulting in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV). It was recognized to be a health crisis for the general population of international concern on 30th January 2020 and conceded as a pandemic on 11th March 2020. India is taking various measures to fight this invisible enemy by adopting different strategies and policies. To stop the COVID-19 from spreading, the Home Affairs Ministry and the health ministry, of India, has issued the nCoV 19 guidelines on travel. Screening for COVID-19 by asking questions about any symptoms, recent travel history, and exposure. India has been trying to get testing kits available. The government of India has enforced various laws like the social distancing, Janata curfew, strict lockdowns, screening door to door to control the spread of novel coronavirus. In this pandemic, innovative medical treatments are being explored, and a proper vaccine is being hunted to deal with the situation. Infection control measures are necessary to prevent the virus from further spreading and to help control the current situation. Thus, this review illustrates and explains the criteria provided by the government of India to the awareness of the public to prevent the spread of COVID-19.

KAJIAN DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN PENUTUPAN LOKALISASI TELEJU OLEH PEMERINTAH KOTA PEKANBARU

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
M. Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Policy Content ◽  
The Government ◽  
Closure Policy ◽  
The Impact

This research to analyze the impact of closure policy Teleju brothel by Pekanbaru govermentin 2010. Guidelines for works are Pekanbaru Local Regulations No. 12 of 2008 on Social Order-liness. Closure this brothel inflicts positive and negative impact for society.The research wasconducted to obtain early stage formula for the government to take action against the prostitu-tion activities. This research uses policy research approach with a qualitative method, becausein prostitution activities and prohibition by goverment is an assessment that needs to be done byanalyzing documents and unstructured interview.The results showed that after the closing of the Teleju brothel have an impact on the deploy-ment of a prostitution and affect the economy of the surrounding residents. Government seeksto tackle prostitution in Pekanbaru by moving the brothel, conduct regular raids and providetraining. The effort is considered to be less than the maximum because the handling is not basedon the root of the problem and not programmed properly. There are several causes of failure ofgovernment to overcome the prostitution problem in Pekanbaru, including: policy content isless focus on the prostitution problem, the government did not proceeds with data, lack of finan-cial support, contra productive programs between local government with the police and TNI,and the policy object is difficult to be given understanding.

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