scholarly journals Relationship between Basic Neurological Cognition and Social Cognition among Allen Cognitive Disability Levels of Acquired Brain Injury

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 412
Author(s):  
Myoung-Ok Park ◽  
Sang-Heon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Disability ◽  
Cognitive Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

(1) Background: There are various cognitive, perceptual, and social problems associated with acquired brain injury (ABI). The Allen cognitive impairment level indicates the degree of cognitive function required for everyday activities. Until recently, there have been no studies on the relationship between basic neurological cognition and social cognitive function according to the Allen cognitive level (ACL). The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between basic neurological and social cognition among Allen cognitive disability levels of ABI. (2) Methods: Thirty-four patients with ABI were identified. Cartoon Intention Inference Task (CIIT), Social Behavior Sequence Task (SBST), Korean version Mimi-Mental Status Examination (K-MMSE), and Lowenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA)-tests were administered to examine the differences in neurological and social cognitive functions according to each participant’s Allen Cognitive Level Screening (ACLS). (3) Results: There were significant differences between K-MMSE, LOTCA, CIIT and SBST results among Allen cognitive levels (p < 0.05). There was a linear correlation between K-MMSE (r = 0.778, p < 0.01), LOTCA-total score (r = 0.627, p < 0.01), LOTCA-orientation (r = 0.470, p = 0.01), LOTCA-thinking operation (r = 0.341, p < 0.05), CIIT (r = 0.817, p < 0.05), and SBST (r = 0.376, p < 0.05) and ACL. Stepwise multivariate regression showed that the subscales affecting the ACLS score were SBST (β = 0.239, p = 0.000) and K-MMSE (β = 0.068, p = 0.001). The explanatory power of this regression equation, R2, was 0.767. (4) Conclusions: A significant difference was found in neurological and social cognitive function according to the ACL level of the ABI patient. In addition, there was a linear correlation between the ACLS scores of the ABI patients and the underlying neurological cognitive function and social cognition. The higher the overall functional cognitive level (i.e., the group with higher ACLS scores), and the lower the degree of help required in daily life, the higher both the neurological cognition level and social cognitive level were determined to be.

scholarly journals The Ability of Preschoolers to Use Ideas About Other’s Knowledge and the Ways of Changing It

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya.K. Smirnova ◽  
A. Makashova ◽  
M. Kharitonova
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
School Age ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Cognitive Level ◽  
The Relationship

The article deals with the problem of the ability to use ideas about other’s knowledge and the ways of changing it, the ability to de-center thinking in the process of communication in the example of understanding deception in typically developing preschoolers and preschoolers with mental retardation. The recognition of deception is considered as a cognitive function, taking into account the specific techniques of the implementation of the mental model. Empirical sample of research: 72 children of pre-school age from 5 to 6 years. Contrast samples show the specificity of the lack of social interaction tools based on the mental model. Analyzed that in a game with deceit, a child is required to use signs to anticipate events that made it known about the nascent action of another person. In children with mental retardation in a game with deceptive action, shown a situational mode of action without taking into account the model of a mental interaction partner due to the lack of ability to decentration. The data reflects the relationship between the cognitive level of development and the level of the mental model in the process of forming the basis of social cognition and social experience in the early stages of ontogenesis.

scholarly journals Intracranial Pressure during External Ventricular Drainage Weaning Is an Outcome Predictor of Traumatic Brain Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jia-cheng Gu ◽  
Hong Wu ◽  
Xing-zhao Chen ◽  
Jun-feng Feng ◽  
Guo-yi Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
External Ventricular Drainage ◽  
Unfavorable Outcome ◽  
Ventricular Drainage ◽  
Outcome Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

External ventricular drainage (EVD) is widely used in patients with a traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the EVD weaning trial protocol varies and insufficient studies focus on the intracranial pressure (ICP) during the weaning trial. We aimed to establish the relationship between ICP during an EVD weaning trial and the outcomes of TBI. We enrolled 37 patients with a TBI with an EVD from July 2018 to September 2019. Among them, 26 were allocated to the favorable outcome group and 11 to the unfavorable outcome group (death, post-traumatic hydrocephalus, persistent vegetative state, and severe disability). Groups were well matched for sex, pupil reactivity, admission Glasgow Coma Scale score, Marshall computed tomography score, modified Fisher score, intraventricular hemorrhage, EVD days, cerebrospinal fluid output before the weaning trial, and the complications. Before and during the weaning trial, we recorded the ICP at 1-hour intervals to calculate the mean ICP, delta ICP, and ICP burden, which was defined as the area under the ICP curve. There were significant between-group differences in the age, surgery types, and intensive care unit days (p=0.045, p=0.028, and p=0.004, respectively). During the weaning trial, 28 (75.7%) patients had an increased ICP. Although there was no significant difference in the mean ICP before and during the weaning trial, the delta ICP was higher in the unfavorable outcome group (p=0.001). Moreover, patients who experienced death and hydrocephalus had a higher ICP burden, which was above 20 mmHg (p=0.016). Receiver operating characteristic analyses demonstrated the predictive ability of these variables (area under the curve AUC=0.818 [p=0.002] for delta ICP and AUC=0.758 [p=0.038] for ICP burden>20 mmHg). ICP elevation is common during EVD weaning trials in patients with TBI. ICP-related parameters, including delta ICP and ICP burden, are significant outcome predictors. There is a need for larger prospective studies to further explore the relationship between ICP during EVD weaning trials and TBI outcomes.

scholarly journals Associations between adverse childhood experiences and acquired brain injury, including traumatic brain injuries, among adults: 2014 BRFSS North Carolina

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 514-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angie S Guinn ◽  
Katie A Ports ◽  
Derek C Ford ◽  
Matt Breiding ◽  
Melissa T Merrick
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Relationship

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can negatively affect lifelong health and opportunity. Acquired brain injury (ABI), which includes traumatic brain injury (TBI) as well as other causes of brain injury, is a health condition that affects millions annually. The present study uses data from the 2014 North Carolina Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to examine the relationship between ACEs and ABI. The study sample included 3454 participants who completed questions on both ABI and ACEs. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the relationship between ACEs and ABI as well as ACEs and TBI. Sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical abuse, household mental illness and household substance abuse were significantly associated with ABI after adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, gender and employment. Compared with those reporting no ACEs, individuals reporting three ACEs had 2.55 times the odds of having experienced an ABI; individuals reporting four or more ACEs had 3.51 times the odds of having experienced an ABI. Examining TBI separately, those who experienced sexual abuse, physical abuse, household mental illness and had incarcerated household members in childhood had greater odds of reported TBI, after adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, gender and income. Respondents reporting three ACEs (AOR=4.16, 95% CI (1.47 to 11.76)) and four or more ACEs (AOR=3.39, 95% CI (1.45 to 7.90)) had significantly greater odds of reporting TBI than respondents with zero ACEs. Prevention of early adversity may reduce the incidence of ABI; however, additional research is required to elucidate the potential pathways from ACEs to ABI, and vice versa.

scholarly journals Changes in Caregivers Lifestyle after Severe Acquired Brain Injury: A Preliminary Investigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D’Ippolito ◽  
M. Aloisi ◽  
E. Azicnuda ◽  
D. Silvestro ◽  
M. Giustini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Severe Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Additional Support

Introduction. Severe acquired brain injury (sABI) is considered the most common cause of death and disability worldwide. sABI patients are supported by their caregivers who often exhibit high rates of psychological distress, mood disorders, and changes in relationship dynamics and family roles.Objectives. To explore lifestyle changes of caregivers of sABI patients during the postacute rehabilitation, by investigating possible differences between primary and secondary caregivers. Primary caregivers spend most of the time with the patient, providing daily care and taking most responsibility for the day-to-day decisions, while secondary caregivers are those who provide additional support.Methods. Three hundred forty-seven caregivers of sABI patients were asked to fill in an unpublished self-report questionnaire to explore their possible lifestyles changes.Results. A statistically significant difference was found between primary and secondary caregivers in time spent in informal caregiving (p<0.001). The primary caregivers reduced all leisure activities compared to secondary carers (p<0.05).Conclusions. By comparing the percentage of leisure activities performed by caregiversbeforeandafterthe patient’s sABI onset, all caregivers showed high percentages of changes in lifestyle and habits, even though primary caregivers reported more negative lifestyle changes than secondary caregivers. Further studies are needed to investigate needs and burden experienced by caregivers of sABI patients during the postacute rehabilitation phase, also in relation to the patients’ outcome, to address support interventions for them and improve their quality of life.

scholarly journals Social Cognition in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome and Idiopathic Developmental Neuropsychiatric Disorders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhideeta Jalal ◽  
Aarti Nair ◽  
Amy Lin ◽  
Ariel Eckfeld ◽  
Leila Kushan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Intellectual Functioning ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a common recurrent neurogenetic condition associated with elevated risk for developmental neuropsychiatric disorders and intellectual disability. Children and adults with 22q11DS often exhibit marked social impairment as well as neurocognitive deficits, and have elevated rates of both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and psychosis. However, the relationship between the basic processes of social cognition and cognitive ability has not been well studied in 22q11DS. Here, we examined differences in social cognition in 22q11DS, relative to multiple groups of idiopathic neuropsychiatric disorders, and typically developing healthy controls (HC). Additionally, we examined differences in intellectual functioning and its relationship to social cognitive abilities. Finally, we examined the relationship between social cognitive abilities and real-world social behavior. Methods: We examined social cognition and intellectual functioning in 273 participants (mean age = 17.74+/-5.18% female = 44.3%): 50 with 22q11DS, 49 youth with first episode psychosis (FEP), 48 at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis, 24 participants with ASD, and 102 HC. Social cognition was assessed using The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT), while reciprocal social behavior was assessed via parent/caregiver ratings on the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). Participants were also administered the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, 2 nd edition (WASI-II) to assess intellectual functioning. Results: The 22q11DS group exhibited significantly lower social cognitive abilities compared to all other groups, even after controlling for intellectual functioning. Significant positive correlations were found between social cognition, as measured by the TASIT, and IQ across groups. In contrast, no significant relationships were found between TASIT and real-world social behavior (SRS) for any group. Conclusions: Our findings indicate social cognitive deficits are more prominent in 22q11DS than idiopathic neuropsychiatric conditions across the age range, even after adjusting for global intellectual function. These results contribute to our understanding of the intellectual and social vulnerabilities of 22q11DS in comparison to idiopathic neuropsychiatric disorders. Our findings of robust associations between intellectual ability and social cognition emphasizes the importance of accounting for neurocognitive deficits in social skills interventions and tailoring these existing treatment models for 22q11DS and other populations with intellectual impairment.

scholarly journals Social Cognition in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome and Idiopathic Developmental Neuropsychiatric Disorders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhideeta Jalal ◽  
Aarti Nair ◽  
Amy Lin ◽  
Ariel Eckfeld ◽  
Leila Kushan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Intellectual Functioning ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a common recurrent neurogenetic condition associated with elevated risk for developmental neuropsychiatric disorders and intellectual disability. Children and adults with 22q11DS often exhibit marked social impairment as well as neurocognitive deficits, and have elevated rates of both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and psychosis. However, the relationship between the basic processes of social cognition and cognitive ability has not been well studied in 22q11DS. Here, we examined differences in social cognition in 22q11DS, relative to multiple groups of idiopathic neuropsychiatric disorders, and typically developing healthy controls (HC). Additionally, we examined differences in intellectual functioning and its relationship to social cognitive abilities. Finally, we examined the relationship between social cognitive abilities and real-world social behavior. Methods We examined social cognition and intellectual functioning in 306 participants (mean age = 16.63+/-4.59; % female = 44.8%): sixty-eight with 22q11DS, 49 youth with first episode psychosis (FEP), 48 at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis, 24 participants with ASD, and 117 HC. Social cognition was assessed using The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT), while reciprocal social behavior was assessed via parent/caregiver ratings on the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). Participants were also administered the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, 2 nd edition (WASI-II) to assess intellectual functioning. Results The 22q11DS group exhibited significantly lower social cognitive abilities compared to all other groups, even after controlling for intellectual functioning. Significant positive correlations were found between social cognition, as measured by the TASIT, and IQ across groups. In contrast, no significant relationships were found between TASIT and real-world social behavior (SRS) for any group. Conclusions Our findings indicate social cognitive deficits are more prominent in 22q11DS than idiopathic neuropsychiatric conditions across the age range, even after adjusting for global intellectual function. These results contribute to our understanding of the intellectual and social vulnerabilities of 22q11DS in comparison to idiopathic neuropsychiatric disorders. Our findings of robust associations between intellectual ability and social cognition emphasizes the importance of accounting for neurocognitive deficits in social skills interventions and tailoring these existing treatment models for 22q11DS and other populations with intellectual impairment.

scholarly journals Social Cognition through the Lens of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Arioli ◽  
Chiara Crespi ◽  
Nicola Canessa
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Clinical Neuroscience ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Cognitive Deficits

Social cognition refers to a set of processes, ranging from perception to decision-making, underlying the ability to decode others’ intentions and behaviors to plan actions fitting with social and moral, besides individual and economic considerations. Its centrality in everyday life reflects the neural complexity of social processing and the ubiquity of social cognitive deficits in different pathological conditions. Social cognitive processes can be clustered in three domains associated with (a) perceptual processing of social information such as faces and emotional expressions (social perception), (b) grasping others’ cognitive or affective states (social understanding), and (c) planning behaviors taking into consideration others’, in addition to one’s own, goals (social decision-making). We review these domains from the lens of cognitive neuroscience, i.e., in terms of the brain areas mediating the role of such processes in the ability to make sense of others’ behavior and plan socially appropriate actions. The increasing evidence on the “social brain” obtained from healthy young individuals nowadays constitutes the baseline for detecting changes in social cognitive skills associated with physiological aging or pathological conditions. In the latter case, impairments in one or more of the abovementioned domains represent a prominent concern, or even a core facet, of neurological (e.g., acquired brain injury or neurodegenerative diseases), psychiatric (e.g., schizophrenia), and developmental (e.g., autism) disorders. To pave the way for the other papers of this issue, addressing the social cognitive deficits associated with severe acquired brain injury, we will briefly discuss the available evidence on the status of social cognition in normal aging and its breakdown in neurodegenerative disorders. Although the assessment and treatment of such impairments is a relatively novel sector in neurorehabilitation, the evidence summarized here strongly suggests that the development of remediation procedures for social cognitive skills will represent a future field of translational research in clinical neuroscience.

scholarly journals A-135 The Interceding Effects of Social Cognition and “Cold” Cognition in Emotional Functioning Post-TBI.

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 928-928
Author(s):  
Ream D ◽  
Suarez V ◽  
Tourgeman I
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Emotional Functioning ◽  
World Health ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Attention And Perception ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective This review examines studies that have identified both social and “cold” cognition in moderating emotional functioning as an outcome in individuals post-traumatic brain injury (TBI). Data Selection A systematic search of the literature was conducted using the keywords: social cognition, hot cognition, cognitive processes, emotions, emotional functioning, TBI, ABI, brain injury. The search included five databases: (1) EBSCOhost, (2) Google Scholar, (3) ScienceDaily, (4) PubMed, (5) World Health Organization. Inclusion criteria consisted of peer-reviewed articles published in English between 2013–2019 that utilized measures examining aspects of “cold cognition,” measures that investigated social cognition, and, outcome measures of emotional functioning in individuals who sustained a TBI. Data Synthesis A total number of 27 studies were identified through database searching with 16 papers selected. Three studies explained the function and implication of social cognition in individuals post-TBI. Additionally, 4 articles integrated statistical and demographic analyzes on individuals who suffered a TBI, and 9 studies exposed the relationship between “hot” and “cold” cognitions after sustaining a TBI. Conclusions Our results suggest that individuals with a TBI often exhibit difficulties in social cognition that is linked to changes in emotional functioning. Several studies pointed to the limbic system as an area influenced by both social and “cold” cognition regarding emotional output and experiences. Conversely, this system is often impacted in TBI. Other studies emphasized the relationship between attention and perception regarding one’s ability to adequately engage in empathy, emotional resonance, and sensitivity. Additionally, these studies outlined how impaired executive functioning influences empathy, attention, decision-making, and Theory of Mind.

scholarly journals Upper limb robotic assessment: Pilot study comparing velocity dependent resistance in individuals with acquired brain injury to healthy controls

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 205566832092953
Author(s):  
Nitin Seth ◽  
Denise Johnson ◽  
Brian Allen ◽  
Hussein A Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Rehabilitation Robotics ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Clinical Scales ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Flexion And Extension

Introduction Assessment of velocity dependent resistance (VDR) can provide insights into spasticity in individuals with upper motor neuron syndrome. This study investigates the relationship between Modified Ashworth scores and a biomechanical based representation of VDR using a rehabilitation robot. Comparisons in VDR are made for the upper limb (UL) between individuals with acquired brain injury and healthy controls for the para-sagittal plane. Methods The system manipulates the individual’s limb through five flexion and extension motions at increasing speeds to obtain force profiles at different velocities. An approximation of VDR is calculated and analyzed statistically against clinical scales and tested for interactions. Results All individuals (aged 18–65), including healthy controls exhibited VDR greater than 0 (P < 0.05). MAS scores were found to be related to VDR (P < 0.05) with an interaction found between MAS Bicep and Tricep scores (P < 0.01). Considering this interaction, evidence of differences in VDR were found between several neighboring assessment score combinations. Conclusion The robot can detect and quantify VDR that captures information relevant to UL spasticity. Results suggests a better categorization of VDR is possible and supports further development of rehabilitation robotics for assisting spasticity assessment.

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