Colorimetry-Based Detection of Nitric Oxide from Exhaled Breath for Quantification of Oxidative Stress in Human Body

Monitoring exhaled breath is a safe, noninvasive method for determining the health status of the human body. Most of the components in our exhaled breath can act as health biomarkers, and they help in providing information about various diseases. Nitric oxide (NO) is one such important biomarker in exhaled breath that indicates oxidative stress in our body. This work presents a simple and noninvasive quantitative analysis approach for detecting NO from exhaled breath. The sensing is based on the colorimetric assisted detection of NO by m-Cresol Purple, Bromophenol Blue, and Alizaringelb dye. The sensing performance of the dye was analyzed by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. The study covers various sampling conditions like the pH effect, temperature effect, concentration effect, and selective nature of the dye. The m-Cresol Purple dye exhibited a high sensitivity towards NO with a detection limit of ~0.082 ppm in the linear range of 0.002–0.5 ppm. Moreover, the dye apprehended a high degree of selectivity towards other biocompounds present in the breath, and no possible interfering cross-reaction from these species was observed. The dye offered a high sensitivity, selectivity, fast response, and stability, which benchmark its potential for NO sensing. Further, m-Cresol Purple dye is suitable for NO sensing from the exhaled breath and can assist in quantifying oxidative stress levels in the body for the possible detection of COVID-19.

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Colorimetry-Based Detection of Biomarkers in Exhaled Breath for Predicting COVID-19 Disease

10.29117/quarfe.2021.0128 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fatimatulzahraa Al-saedi ◽

Najam-US-Sahar Riyaz ◽

Hagar Morsy ◽

Raghad Abuznad ◽

Alaa Elsafi Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Nitric Oxide ◽

Medical Information ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Interaction Mechanism ◽

The Body ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

Detection Of Biomarkers ◽

High Degree

Exhaled breath is the biological medium that carries relevant medical information and can be used to analyse biomarkers characteristic for detecting abnormal health status. Thus, by systematically analysing the interaction mechanism of the coronavirus with the human cell and its effect on the biological activity, it is possible to indentify the compounds whose proportion in the exhale breath is affected. One such biomarkers are hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO), which represents oxidative stress in the body. The present study represents the colorimetry based quantification of H2O2 and NO using KMnO4 and m-cresol purple dye, respectively. The dyes exhibited 0.01 ppm limit of detection (LOD) for H2O2 and LOD of 0.02 ppm was estimated for NO. Moreover, dyes apprehended high degree of selectivity towards other bio-compounds present in the breath. The colorimetry sensor is best suited for quantifying oxidative stress in the body, which is one of the indicator of coronavirus infection. Thus, the sensor offers rapid point-of-detection for predicting COVID-19 infection in human body.

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Characterization and mitigation of water vapor effects in the measurement of ozone by chemiluminescence with nitric oxide

Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions ◽

10.5194/amtd-6-9263-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 9263-9295

Author(s):

P. Boylan ◽

D. Helmig ◽

J.-H. Park

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Water Vapor ◽

Mole Fraction ◽

Laboratory Experiments ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Fast Response ◽

Atmospheric Ozone ◽

Permeable Membrane ◽

Signal Correction ◽

High Sensitivity Detection

Abstract. Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of water vapor on the reaction of nitric oxide with ozone in a chemiluminescence instrument used for fast response and high sensitivity detection of atmospheric ozone. Water vapor was introduced into a constant level ozone standard and both ozone and water vapor signals were recorded at 10 Hz. The presence of water vapor was found to reduce, i.e. quench the ozone signal. A correction factor was determined to be 4.15 ± 0.14 × 10−3, which corresponds to a 4.15% increase in the measured ozone signal per 10 mmol mol−1 co-sampled water vapor. An ozone-inert water vapor permeable membrane (Nafion dryer) was installed in the sampling line and was shown to remove the bulk of the water vapor mole fraction in the sample air. At water vapor mole fractions above 25 mmol mol−1, the Nafion dryer removed over 75% of the water vapor in the sample. This reduced the ozone signal correction from over 11% to less than 2.5%. The Nafion dryer was highly effective at reducing the fast fluctuations of the water vapor signal (more than 97%) while leaving the ozone signal unaffected, which is a crucial improvement for minimizing the interference of water vapor fluxes on the ozone flux determination by the eddy covariance technique.

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Battle between plants as antioxidants with free radicals in human body

Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology ◽

10.34172/jhp.2020.25 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 191-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fatemeh Jamshidi-kia ◽

Joko Priyanto Wibowo ◽

Mostafa Elachouri ◽

Rohollah Masumi ◽

Alizamen Salehifard-Jouneghani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Human Body ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Redox Status ◽

The Body ◽

Antioxidant Agents ◽

Endogenous Antioxidants

Free radicals are constructed by natural physiological activities in the human cells as well as in the environment. They may be produced as a result of diet, smoking, exercise, inflammation, exposure to sunlight, air pollutants, stress, alcohol and drugs. Imbalanced redox status may lead to cellular oxidative stress, which can damage the cells of the body, resulting in an incidence of various diseases. If the endogenous antioxidants do not stop the production of reactive metabolites, they will be needed to bring about a balance in redox status. Natural antioxidants, for example plants, play an important part in this context. This paper seeks to report the available evidence about oxidative stress and the application of plants as antioxidant agents to fight free radicals in the human body. For this purpose, to better understand oxidative stress, the principles of free radical production, the role of free radicals in diseases, antioxidant defense mechanisms, and the role of herbs and diet in oxidative stress are discussed.

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Printable, Highly Sensitive Flexible Temperature Sensors for Human Body Temperature Monitoring: A Review

Nanoscale Research Letters ◽

10.1186/s11671-020-03428-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yi Su ◽

Chunsheng Ma ◽

Jing Chen ◽

Huiping Wu ◽

Weixiang Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

Human Body ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Measurement Range ◽

Temperature Sensors ◽

Temperature Monitoring ◽

The Body ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Highly Sensitive

Abstract In recent years, the development and research of flexible sensors have gradually deepened, and the performance of wearable, flexible devices for monitoring body temperature has also improved. For the human body, body temperature changes reflect much information about human health, and abnormal body temperature changes usually indicate poor health. Although body temperature is independent of the environment, the body surface temperature is easily affected by the surrounding environment, bringing challenges to body temperature monitoring equipment. To achieve real-time and sensitive detection of various parts temperature of the human body, researchers have developed many different types of high-sensitivity flexible temperature sensors, perfecting the function of electronic skin, and also proposed many practical applications. This article reviews the current research status of highly sensitive patterned flexible temperature sensors used to monitor body temperature changes. First, commonly used substrates and active materials for flexible temperature sensors have been summarized. Second, patterned fabricating methods and processes of flexible temperature sensors are introduced. Then, flexible temperature sensing performance are comprehensively discussed, including temperature measurement range, sensitivity, response time, temperature resolution. Finally, the application of flexible temperature sensors based on highly delicate patterning are demonstrated, and the future challenges of flexible temperature sensors have prospected.

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Characterization and mitigation of water vapor effects in the measurement of ozone by chemiluminescence with nitric oxide

Atmospheric Measurement Techniques ◽

10.5194/amt-7-1231-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 1231-1244 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

P. Boylan ◽

D. Helmig ◽

J.-H. Park

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Water Vapor ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Fast Response ◽

Permeable Membrane ◽

Gas Cylinder ◽

Signal Correction ◽

Ozone Fluxes ◽

High Sensitivity Detection

Abstract. Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of water vapor on the reaction of nitric oxide with ozone in a gas-phase chemiluminescence instrument used for fast response and high sensitivity detection of atmospheric ozone. Water vapor was introduced into a constant level ozone standard and both ozone and water vapor signals were recorded at 10 Hz. The presence of water vapor was found to reduce, i.e. quench, the ozone signal. A dimensionless correction factor was determined to be 4.15 ± 0.14 × 10−3, which corresponds to a 4.15% increase in the corrected ozone signal per 10 mmol mol−1 of co-sampled water vapor. An ozone-inert water vapor permeable membrane (a Nafion dryer with a counterflow of dry air from a compressed gas cylinder) was installed in the sampling line and was shown to remove the bulk of the water vapor in the sample air. At water vapor mole fractions above 25 mmol mol−1, the Nafion dryer removed over 75% of the water vapor in the sample. This reduced the required ozone signal correction from over 11% to less than 2.5%. The Nafion dryer was highly effective at reducing the fast fluctuations of the water vapor signal (more than 97%) while leaving the ozone signal unaffected, which is a crucial improvement for minimizing the quenching interference of water vapor fluxes and required density correction in the determination of ozone fluxes by the eddy covariance technique.

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An Evaluation of the Clinical Evidence on the Role of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Smoking-Mediated Cardiovascular Disease

Biomarker Insights ◽

10.4137/bmi.s480 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. BMI.S480 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Adam Csordas ◽

Georg Wick ◽

Günther Laufer ◽

David Bernhard

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Heavy Metals ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Primary Prevention ◽

Human Life ◽

Large Population ◽

Basic Research ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

The Body ◽

Prevention Strategies

The number of fatalities due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be far ahead of loss of human life caused by any other type of disease worldwide. According to the WHO, the annual global tobacco death toll is already 8.4 million and will reach 10 million by the year 2025. However, in contrast to other modifiable primary risk factors for CVD such as obesity, primary prevention strategies for smokers unable to quit are not available to date. This Review, by adopting the principles of evidence-based medicine, summarizes the most recent clinical studies on CVD in smokers, and concludes by suggesting a novel primary prevention strategy for CVD in smokers unable to quit. Evidence gathered from mechanistic studies involving basic research as well as large population-based approaches point to oxidative stress as the major insult imposed by cigarette smoke (CS), and a state of systemic inflammation, as signified by increased hs (high sensitivity) CRP levels in smokers, as the decisive pro-atherogenic response of the body to the initial insult. Since we identified oxidative stress induced by heavy metals as a significant pro-atherogenic activity of CS, strategies aimed at detoxifying heavy metals and combating inflammation appear as plausible approaches to counteract the accelerated onset of CVD in smokers. For this purpose, we discuss metal chelating agents and statins as promising novel primary prevention strategies in smokers unable to quit.

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The role of selenium in cardiology

Kardiologiia ◽

10.18087/cardio.2021.3.n1186 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 96-104

Author(s):

T. A. Kuropatkina ◽

N. A. Medvedeva ◽

O. S. Medvedev

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Vascular Injury ◽

Human Body ◽

Cell Injury ◽

The Body ◽

Selenium Status

Selenium is an important micronutrient that is essential for the functioning of the human body. Being a component of the active center of several antioxidant enzymes selenium prevents cell injury by free radicals. Decline in selenium-containing enzymes results in progression of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, which are considered as possible causes for the development of many cardiovascular diseases. This review focuses on mechanisms for prevention of myocardial and vascular injury through the adequate selenium supply to the body. The importance of monitoring and correction of the selenium status in appropriate patients is underlined.

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Invivo Protective Effect of Indigofera on Hepatic Tissue

International Journal of Research in Phytochemistry and Pharmacology ◽

10.26452/ijrpp.v8i1.1236 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 7-10

Author(s):

Vishal N Kushare ◽

Suvarna A Wagh

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Human Body ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

The Body ◽

Hepatic Tissue ◽

Cell Organelle ◽

The World ◽

Ethanol Extracts

Oxidative Stress is the primary cause of most of the diseases currently in the world. The human body is prone to many illnesses out of which oxidative stress plays a significant role in the causation of those. The Stress in the body releases free radicals and these free radicals react with the cell organelle and cause denaturation and break down. The generated free radicals should be fought to eliminate and prevent toxic effects. Many drugs are known to fight free radicals. Most of them had been scientifically evaluated and published for their activity too. The investigations say that antioxidant activity of the herbs does not similarly reflect . There were differences in activity and significant deviations in the results that are shown in comparison to and . Thus, there is an urgent necessity to investigate the antioxidant activity of herbs to make sure that the activity resembles and to find any variations when compared to activity. This research protocol was framed out to screen for the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extracts of the Indigofera leaves by estimating the serum parameters and correlating the results with the human body. Out of the values overall, the were the ones that are significant participants in fighting the free radicals and in boosting the immune system. The ethanol extract successfully prevented the breakdown of the cellular structure of the liver cells, thereby protecting it and replenishing the enzyme levels by destroying the free radicals that are generated due to DMH.

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Antioxidant Activity and Probiotic Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria

Fermentation ◽

10.3390/fermentation8010029 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Seonyoung Kim ◽

Ji Yeon Lee ◽

Yulah Jeong ◽

Chang-Ho Kang

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Nitric Oxide ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

The Body ◽

No Production ◽

Probiotic Properties ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Inhibition Effect ◽

Adhesion Ability

Oxidative stress, which can cause imbalance in the body by damaging cells and tissues, arises from the immoderate production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Therefore, external supplements having antioxidant activity are required for reducing oxidative stress. In our study, we investigated DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging ability, and the inhibition effect on the nitric oxide (NO) production of 15 food-derived bacterial strains in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Among these LAB strains, eight strains with an excellent inhibition effect on NO production were selected through comparisons within the same genera. Moreover, the selected strains, including Leuconostoc mesenteroides MG860, Leu. citreum MG210, Pediococcus acidilactici MG5001, P. pentosaceus MG5078, Weissella cibaria MG5090, Levilactobacillus brevis MG5306, Latilactobacillus curvatus MG5020, and Latilactobacillus sakei MG5048 diminished the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)/cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. In addition, the stability and adhesion ability of the eight LAB strains in the gastrointestinal tract were determined. In conclusion, the selected strains have potential as new probiotics with antioxidant effects.

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