scholarly journals Structure-from-Motion (SFM) Photogrammetry as a Non-Invasive Methodology to Digitalize Historical Documents: A Highly Flexible and Low-Cost Approach?

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 2124-2136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Brandolini ◽  
Giacomo Patrucco
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Historical Maps ◽  
Landscape Studies ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Gis Applications ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
World Cultural Heritage ◽  
Commercial Off The Shelf

Historical documents represent a significant part of the world cultural heritage and need to be preserved from physical deformation due to ageing. The restoration of fragile documents requires economic resources that are often limited to only preserve the integrity of exceptional and highly valuable historical records. On the other hand, regeneration of ancient documents in digital form is a useful way to preserve them regardless of the material they are made of. In addition, the digitization of historical cartography allows creating a valuable dataset for a variety of GIS applications as well as spatial and landscape studies. Nonetheless, historical maps are usually deformed, and a contact-scanning process could damage them because this method requires planar positioning of the map. In this regard, photogrammetry has been used successfully as a non-invasive method to digitize historical documentation. The purpose of this research is to assess a low-cost and highly flexible strategy to digitize historical maps and documents through digital photogrammetry using low-cost commercial off-the-shelf sensors. This methodology allows training a wider audience of cultural heritage operators in digitizing historic records with a millimeter-level accuracy.

scholarly journals In-Vehicle Alcohol Detection Using Low-Cost Sensors and Genetic Algorithms to Aid in the Drinking and Driving Detection

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7752
Author(s):  
Jose M. Celaya-Padilla ◽  
Jonathan S. Romero-González ◽  
Carlos E. Galvan-Tejada ◽  
Jorge I. Galvan-Tejada ◽  
Huizilopoztli Luna-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Child Death ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Drinking And Driving ◽  
Forward Selection ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method

Worldwide, motor vehicle accidents are one of the leading causes of death, with alcohol-related accidents playing a significant role, particularly in child death. Aiming to aid in the prevention of this type of accidents, a novel non-invasive method capable of detecting the presence of alcohol inside a motor vehicle is presented. The proposed methodology uses a series of low-cost alcohol MQ3 sensors located inside the vehicle, whose signals are stored, standardized, time-adjusted, and transformed into 5 s window samples. Statistical features are extracted from each sample and a feature selection strategy is carried out using a genetic algorithm, and a forward selection and backwards elimination methodology. The four features derived from this process were used to construct an SVM classification model that detects presence of alcohol. The experiments yielded 7200 samples, 80% of which were used to train the model. The rest were used to evaluate the performance of the model, which obtained an area under the ROC curve of 0.98 and a sensitivity of 0.979. These results suggest that the proposed methodology can be used to detect the presence of alcohol and enforce prevention actions.

scholarly journals Wall Mosaics: A Review of On-Site Non-Invasive Methods, Application Challenges and New Frontiers for Their Study and Preservation

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Antonina Chaban ◽  
Rita Deiana ◽  
Vivi Tornari
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Humidity Effects ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
World Cultural Heritage ◽  
Depth Of Investigation

This review concerns the challenges and perspectives of on-site non-invasive measurements applied to wall mosaics. Wall mosaics, during the centuries, decorated numerous buildings, nowadays being part of world cultural heritage. The preservation and maintenance of these valuable decorations are undoubtedly directly dependent on identifying possible problems that could affect their hidden structure. On-site non-invasive methods, using different contact or no-contact technologies, can offer support in this specific field of application. The choice of the appropriate technique or combination of different techniques depends, in general, on the depth of investigation, the resolution, the possibility to have direct contact with the surfaces or, on the contrary, limited accessibility of the wall mosaics due to their location (e.g., vaults), as well as deterioration problems, (e.g., voids, detachments, or humidity effects). This review paper provides a brief overview of selected recent studies regarding non-invasive methods applied to the analysis of wall mosaics. This review, discussing the assessment of advantages and limitations for each method here considered, also considers possible future developments of imaging techniques in this specific context for cultural heritage applications.

scholarly journals Development a low-cost electrical impedance tomography system for non-invasively detecting abnormal in breast tissue - Phantom study-

10.29007/x6vj ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh Quan Cao Dinh ◽  
Quoc Tuan Nguyen Diep ◽  
Hoang Nhut Huynh ◽  
Ngoc An Dang Nguyen ◽  
Anh Tu Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Impedance Tomography ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Impedance Tomography ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Tomography System ◽  
Tissue Phantom ◽  
Cost System ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Breast Tissues

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is known as non-invasive method to detect and classify the abnormal breast tissues. Reimaging conductivity distribution within an area of the subject reveal abnormal tissues inside that area. In this work, we have created a very low-cost system with a simple 16-electrode phantom for doing research purposes. The EIT data were measured and reconstructed with EIDORS software.

scholarly journals Bovine Breeds Identification by Trichological Analysis

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix ◽  
Soares Fioravanti ◽  
Cassandro ◽  
Tormen ◽  
Quadros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Morphology And Morphometry

This study aimed to identify bovine breeds through trichological morphology and morphometry and to validate this technique by comparing it with genetic characterization. Animals from Caracu, Curraleiro Pé-Duro, Nelore, and Bovino Pantaneiro breeds were studied. Morphological and morphometric analyses of the guard hairs were performed. The cuticular pattern was observed on the shaft and the medulla pattern on the shield of the samples. The cattle genetic characterization was accomplished using microsatellite markers. Statistical analyses were performed using R version 3.2.4 software. Pearson’s correlation test showed a high positive and significant correlation between the matrices generated by trichological and genetic analyses (r = 0,996 and p < 0.001). Trichological analysis is a useful method for cattle breed identification. Its potential for identifying other species of interest for animal production should be studied since it is a simple, low-cost, and non-invasive method.

scholarly journals Fotogrametría de bajo coste para la modelización de edificios históricos

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Pérez García ◽  
Antonio T. Mozas Calvache ◽  
Francisco Javier Cardenal Escarcena ◽  
Andrés López Arenas
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Acceptable Accuracy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Remarkable Progress

<p>In recent times the methodologies and tools used for study and documentation of cultural heritage has undergone remarkable progress, we have a wide range of possibilities to tackle these tasks. However, some of these new possibilities, such as digital photogrammetric stations or laser scanner system facilitate and significantly improve the work and obtained products but it has fairly high costs, which in many cases not allow its use. This paper shows different techniques of low cost photogrammetry to obtain very interesting products with an acceptable accuracy for the study, documentation and modeling of historical documents.</p>

NON-INVASIVE BLOOD OXYGEN SATURATION MONITORING (SpO2) USING TRANSMITTANCE FOR PULSE OXIMETER

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (06) ◽  
pp. 1950043
Author(s):  
Anupama Sarkar ◽  
Vineet Sinha ◽  
Sadhana A. Mandlik ◽  
J. Kathirvelan
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Photo Detectors ◽  
Invasive Method

Measuring oxygen saturation of blood (SpO2) clinically plays a vital role in patient’s health monitoring. In fact, monitoring oxygen level is necessary for people having respiratory problems (pulmonary hypertension) and in other critical conditions. The primary motivation of this work is to develop a low cost computer-based oxygen saturation monitoring system using an embedded system along with lab windows CVI platform. The process of calculating the level of oxygen saturation in the blood using non-invasive method is also called as pulse oximetry, which consists of LED and photo detectors, using MSP430FG4618 microcontroller. The MSP430 employed in designing the microcontroller firmware program for digitization and transmission of the data from sensor to the computer. NI-based Lab windows/CVI Platform was developed as a part of this project to receive, plot, save data and determine the accuracy of SpO2 value. In this proposed system, we have achieved the maximum accuracy of 99.49% which is better than the previously developed methods. The proposed system is also designed with the low cost and low power consuming modules.

scholarly journals Enhanced Access to the Health-Related Skin Metabolome by Fast, Reproducible and Non-Invasive WET PREP Sampling

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 415
Author(s):  
Jamie Afghani ◽  
Claudia Huelpuesch ◽  
Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin ◽  
Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann ◽  
Matthias Reiger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
High Consistency

Our skin influences our physical and mental health, and its chemical composition can reflect environmental and disease conditions. Therefore, through sampling the skin metabolome, we can provide a promising window into the mechanisms of the body. However, the broad application of skin metabolomics has recently been hampered by a lack of easy and widely applicable sampling methods. Here, we present a novel rapid, simple, and, most importantly, painless and non-invasive sampling technique suitable for clinical studies of fragile or weakened skin. The method is called WET PREP and is simply a lavage of the skin which focuses on capturing the metabolome. We systematically evaluate WET PREPs in comparison with the non-invasive method of choice in skin metabolomics, swab collection, using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS2) on two complementary chromatographic columns (C18 reversed phase and hydrophilic interaction chromatography). We also integrate targeted analyses of key metabolites of skin relevance. Overall, WET PREP provides a strikingly more stable shared metabolome across sampled individuals, while also being able to capture unique individual metabolites with a high consistency in intra-individual reproducibility. With the exception of (phospho-)lipidomic studies, we recommend WET PREPs as the preferred skin metabolome sampling technique due to the quick preparation time, low cost, and gentleness for the patient.

scholarly journals Research for the conservation of cultural heritage in the context of the circular economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (01) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
DORINA CAMELIA ILIEȘ ◽  
MIHAELA-CRISTINA LITE ◽  
LILIANA INDRIE ◽  
FLORIN MARCU ◽  
CĂLIN MOȘ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Material Defects ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
World Cultural Heritage ◽  
Fiber Breaks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Non Destructive

The heritage woven objects could be analyzed for defects hidden to the naked eye using non-invasive and non-destructive ultrasonography techniques. Ultrasonography is able to offer information about altered areas, such as gasps, interruptions, discontinuances, narrowed areas, fiber breaks, different densities of the material, defects caused by natural or anthropic factors: improper storage and exposure conditions, the presence of microorganisms and traces of their activity, mechanical causes etc. By recycling of the cotton fibers from other decrepit materials, which are not directly usable, the recondition and rendition of the national and world cultural heritage of these refurbished objects would be accomplished. The impact on the environment is diminished compared to the case when new cotton fibers are created.

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