Study of a Late Bronze Age Casting Mould and Its Black Residue by 3D Imaging, pXRF, SEM-EDS, Micro-FTIR and Micro-Raman

In the present work, a fragment of a stone mould recently found in Galicia (NW Spain) was studied by multiple analytical techniques approach involving 3D optical imaging reconstruction to obtain data about the shape of the mould, typology of artefact produced, and distribution of a black residue at the surface of the mould and pXRF, SEM-EDS, micro-FTIR, and micro-Raman to investigate the nature of the black residue. The study shows that the mould was likely used for socketed axes with a side loop, was originally composed of two valves and one core, and that it might have been subjected to a repair during use. The black residue is distributed in the carved surface and spreads to nearby surfaces as a result of the use of the mould. The alloy cast in the mould was a ternary bronze (Cu + Sn + Pb). The analyses by SEM-EDS of black residue covering the surface did show the presence of scattered micro particles with P and Ca, and micro-Raman analysis detected the presence of a carbon black of animal source, while micro-FTIR analysis detected remains of proteins, oxalates, and hydroxyapatite. These results are amongst the very few studies made on black residues of ancient moulds and suggest that the mould was dressed with a carbon black of animal origin, such as burned bones, prior to metal casting, probably used as a coating agent to improve the casting and artefact recovery.

Download Full-text

Monitoring residue in animals and primary products of animal origin

Veterinarski glasnik ◽

10.2298/vetgl0806383j ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 62 (5-6) ◽

pp. 383-394 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sasa Jankovic ◽

Aurelija Spiric ◽

Tatjana Radicevic ◽

Srdjan Stefanovic

Keyword(s):

Veterinary Medicine ◽

Monitoring Program ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Food Hygiene ◽

The European Union ◽

National Monitoring ◽

Primary Products ◽

Eu Directives ◽

The Eu

The objective of control and systematic monitoring of residue is to secure, by the examination of a corresponding number of samples, the efficient monitoring of the residue level in tissues and organs of animals, as well as in primary products of animal origin. This creates possibilities for the timely taking of measures toward the securing of food hygiene of animal origin and the protection of public health. Residue can be a consequence of the inadequate use of medicines in veterinary medicine and pesticides in agriculture and veterinary medicine, as well as the polluting of the environment with toxic elements, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, and others. Residue is being monitored in Serbia since 1972, and in 2004, national monitoring was brought to the level of EU countries through significant investments by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management. This is also evident in the EU directives which permit exports of all kinds of meat and primary products of animal origin, covered by the Residue Monitoring Program. The program of systematic examinations of residue has been coordinated with the requirements of the European Union, both according to the type of examined substance, as well as according to the number of samples and the applied analytical techniques. In addition to the development of methods and the including of new harmful substances into the monitoring programme, it is also necessary to coordinate the national regulations that define the maximum permitted quantities of certain medicines and contaminants with the EU regulations, in order to protect the health of consumers as efficiently as possible, and for the country to take equal part in international trade.

Download Full-text

Assessment of various veterinary drug residues in animal originated food products

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2021.1650-1664 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1650-1664

Author(s):

Jagdish Kumar Parmar ◽

Kundan Kumar Chaubey ◽

Vikas Gupta ◽

Manthena Nava Bharath

Keyword(s):

Limit Of Detection ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Food Products ◽

Veterinary Drugs ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Veterinary Drug ◽

Veterinary Drug Residues ◽

Drug Residues ◽

Validation Parameters ◽

The Government

The veterinary drugs are broad-spectrum antibacterial antibiotics; it uses to cure the animal disease. Many countries have banned veterinary drug residues like nitrofurans metabolites, chloramphenicol. However, the people were administrated veterinary drugs to animals as illegal to increase the milk production in animals for economic benefit. The results of illegally use of veterinary drugs remain as a residue in animal product like milk and it is very harmful to whom consume it cause cancer and allergic for human being which has entered the concern among milk consumers. To control illegal use of veterinary drugs, the government of India has restricted its use in animals. For the identification and confirmation of veterinary drug residues in animal products, analytical techniques such as liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry are available. These are very sophisticated equipments which are available nowadays and their methodologies for the analytical method validation are described by European commission 2002/657/EC. The use of veterinary drugs is a big challenge to effectively identify and authorization of their use. There are so many analytical techniques are using very effectively and taking very less time to protect the consumers from their adverse effects. These techniques take very less time to identify more groups of compounds such as tetracycline, sulfonamides, anthelmintic, and macrolides in single multi-residue method. These methods having validation parameters include system precision, calibration curve, accuracy, limit of detection, and quantification. Therefore, improvement in the existing technologies and accessibility of new screening methodologies will give opportunities for automation that helps in obtaining the results in very less time and improved sensitivity and specificity which contribute to better safety assurance, standard, and quality of various food products of animal origin.

Download Full-text

Fraud in Animal Origin Food Products: Advances in Emerging Spectroscopic Detection Methods over the Past Five Years

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9081069 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1069 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Abdo Hassoun ◽

Ingrid Måge ◽

Walter F. Schmidt ◽

Havva Tümay Temiz ◽

Li Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Analytical Techniques ◽

Food Products ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Detection Methods ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Spectroscopic Techniques ◽

Food Fraud ◽

The Past ◽

Art Research ◽

Animal Origin Food

Animal origin food products, including fish and seafood, meat and poultry, milk and dairy foods, and other related products play significant roles in human nutrition. However, fraud in this food sector frequently occurs, leading to negative economic impacts on consumers and potential risks to public health and the environment. Therefore, the development of analytical techniques that can rapidly detect fraud and verify the authenticity of such products is of paramount importance. Traditionally, a wide variety of targeted approaches, such as chemical, chromatographic, molecular, and protein-based techniques, among others, have been frequently used to identify animal species, production methods, provenance, and processing of food products. Although these conventional methods are accurate and reliable, they are destructive, time-consuming, and can only be employed at the laboratory scale. On the contrary, alternative methods based mainly on spectroscopy have emerged in recent years as invaluable tools to overcome most of the limitations associated with traditional measurements. The number of scientific studies reporting on various authenticity issues investigated by vibrational spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and fluorescence spectroscopy has increased substantially over the past few years, indicating the tremendous potential of these techniques in the fight against food fraud. It is the aim of the present manuscript to review the state-of-the-art research advances since 2015 regarding the use of analytical methods applied to detect fraud in food products of animal origin, with particular attention paid to spectroscopic measurements coupled with chemometric analysis. The opportunities and challenges surrounding the use of spectroscopic techniques and possible future directions will also be discussed.

Download Full-text

Comparative analysis of photothermal boiling of water enhanced by nano- and micro-particles of carbon black

Materials Letters ◽

10.1016/j.matlet.2020.129078 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 285 ◽

pp. 129078

Author(s):

Pavel G. Struchalin ◽

Edda T. Ulset ◽

Pawel Kosinski ◽

Smagul Zh. Karazhanov ◽

Yurong He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Carbon Black ◽

Micro Particles

Download Full-text

Special Issues/In Situ Surface Analytical Techniques and Their Applications to Surface Finishing Technology. Raman Analysis of Electrode Reaction.

Journal of The Surface Finishing Society of Japan ◽

10.4139/sfj.43.414 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 43 (5) ◽

pp. 414-418

Author(s):

Yoshiro SASAKI

Keyword(s):

Analytical Techniques ◽

Electrode Reaction ◽

Surface Finishing ◽

Raman Analysis

Download Full-text

Gristhorpe Man: an Early Bronze Age log-coffin burial scientifically defined

Antiquity ◽

10.1017/s0003598x00100237 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 84 (325) ◽

pp. 796-815 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Nigel Melton ◽

Janet Montgomery ◽

Christopher J. Knüsel ◽

Cathy Batt ◽

Stuart Needham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Bronze Age ◽

Research Team ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Scientific Investigation ◽

First Century ◽

Early Bronze Age ◽

Early Nineteenth Century ◽

Early Twenty ◽

Modern Analytical

A log-coffin excavated in the early nineteenth century proved to be well enough preserved in the early twenty-first century for the full armoury of modern scientific investigation to give its occupants and contents new identity, new origins and a new date. In many ways the interpretation is much the same as before: a local big man buried looking out to sea. Modern analytical techniques can create a person more real, more human and more securely anchored in history. This research team shows how.

Download Full-text

Ancient metallurgical traditions and connections around the caput Adriae

Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B Metallurgy ◽

10.2298/jmmb0902149g ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 149-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Giumlia-Mair

Keyword(s):

Bronze Age ◽

Late Antiquity ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Eastern Alps ◽

Late Bronze Age ◽

Northern Adriatic ◽

Metal Artefacts ◽

Ancient Metallurgy

In the last decade several archaeological projects concerning metallurgical tradition and techniques, were carried out on metal finds from various sites around the Northern Adriatic and in the Eastern Alps. The pieces, made of different metals, are dated to various periods, between the Late Bronze Age and Late Antiquity. The results of different kinds of analytical techniques, applied to several hundreds of archaeological metal artefacts from this area, are presented and evaluated in the paper. The different metallurgical techniques and traditions, identified during the researches are illustrated, compared and interpreted. An overview of the available data and of the general trends of ancient metallurgy in this broader area is attempted.

Download Full-text

A Bronze Age Glass Bead from Wilsford, Wiltshire: Barrow G.42 in the Lake group.

Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society ◽

10.1017/s0079497x00007544 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 50 ◽

pp. 245-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Margaret Guido ◽

Julian Henderson ◽

Michael Cable ◽

Justine Bayley ◽

Leo Biek

Keyword(s):

Bronze Age ◽

Glass Bead ◽

Intrinsic Interest ◽

Large Bell ◽

Large Stone ◽

General Importance ◽

Burned Bones

This paper deals with a unique glass bead from the second millennium BC in Wessex. Overlooked for more than 150 years, it has now been recognized for its intrinsic interest and general importance and is here presented for its wide significance in ancient Europe and beyond (pls 8 and 9).InAncient Wiltshire(1812, 210) Richard Colt Hoare recorded the excavation of a barrow in a group of Bronze Age date at Wilsford: ‘No. 7 is a large bell-shaped barrow’ (now regarded as a bowl barrow) ‘composed entirely of vegetable earth. It contained within a cist a little pile of burned bones with which had been deposited a very fine brass pin, a large stone bead which had been stained red, a bead of ivory and a lance head of brass’. This account is based on the records of William Cunnington (1807, 5–6), which include a transcription of a letter from the original excavator, a Mr Owen. The dimensions of the barrow are there given as 80 ft in diameter, 9 ft high, with a circular cist 18 in deep. The barrow is described as ‘No. 6 of Mr Duke's barrows’; there is thus a discrepancy in the numbering of the barrow, since Colt Hoare referred to it as Lake No. 7, while Cunnington kept to No. 6. The barrow, though recently ploughed, still stands to a height of over 2 m, and is today known as G.42 (Grinsell 1957, 211).

Download Full-text

Microwave Plasma Formation of Nanographene and Graphitic Carbon Black

C – Journal of Carbon Research ◽

10.3390/c6040070 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 70

Author(s):

Raju R. Kumal ◽

Akshay Gharpure ◽

Vignesh Viswanathan ◽

Aayush Mantri ◽

George Skoptsov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Black ◽

Microwave Plasma ◽

Temperature Shift ◽

Graphitic Carbon ◽

Aerosol Formation ◽

Dominant Form ◽

Raman Analysis ◽

Commercial Carbon ◽

Morphological Differences ◽

Forms Of Carbon

Aerosol formation of novel carbons offers potential for scale and purity unmatched by condensed phase processes. A microwave driven plasma drives decarbonization of methane to form solid carbon as an aerosol. Dependent upon gas mixture, different forms of carbon are produced: 2D nanographene and a 3D graphitic carbon black analogue. TEM reveals the morphological differences and nanostructure. The ability to tune the dominant form is demonstrated by control of the CH4/Ar ratio. TGA plots reveal the change in products with feed gas composition and quality by oxidation temperature shift. Corresponding Raman analysis illustrates control of graphene content and lamellae quality by peak ratios. To test the origins of the graphitic particles and nanographene, a commercial carbon black was seeded into the microwave reactor, demonstrating a path for graphitic nanostructure evolution and confirming the molecular growth origins for the nanographene.

Download Full-text