scholarly journals Grapevine Variety and Number of Canes Affect Dry-on-Vine (DOV) Raisin Production on an Overhead Arbor Trellis

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 356
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Fidelibus
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Grapevine Variety ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Grape Varieties

Making raisins (dried grapes) is a laborious process and grape growers around the world are increasingly interested in adopting mechanized methods, especially dry-on-vine (DOV). The DOV method entails severing canes bearing mature fruit, causing them to DOV, after which they may be harvested by machine. The overhead arbor is an important DOV raisin trellis system, but basic agronomic performance of raisin varieties on that system are scant. Therefore, a three-year experiment was conducted to compare the performance of several raisin grape varieties (Vitis vinifera L.), on an overhead arbor trellis, for production of DOV raisins. Grapevine variety, ‘DOVine’, ‘Fiesta’, ‘Selma Pete’, or ‘Thompson Seedless’, was the main-plot factor, and number of canes, six or eight, was the sub-plot. ‘Fiesta’ produced the highest yields, averaging about 12.24 Mg/ha raisins. However, ‘Fiesta’ generally had the lowest soluble solids and among the lowest raisin grades. The later ripening of ‘Fiesta’ fruit delayed harvest pruning to initiate fruit drying compared to the other varieties. Therefore, its raisins did not dry sufficiently to meet industry standards. ‘Selma Pete’, ‘DOVine’, and ‘Thompson Seedless’ had similar yields, generally about 20% less than ‘Fiesta’, but ‘Selma Pete’ produced fruit that were the largest in size, with the highest soluble solids, and that produced raisins of the highest grades, compared to the other varieties. Vines pruned to eight canes produced higher yields without sacrificing raisin quality. In conclusion, ‘Fiesta’ was notable for its high productivity, and ‘Selma Pete’ for its earliness and high quality, and both varieties had sufficient capacity to carry eight 15-node canes.

scholarly journals Severe Outbreaks of Bunch Rots Caused by Rhizopus stolonifer and Aspergillus niger on Table Grapes in Chile

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 815-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Latorre ◽  
S. C. Viertel ◽  
I. Spadaro
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Hypodermic Syringe ◽  
Black Mold

Severe outbreaks of bunch rots (BR) have occurred recently during harvest of table grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) in Chile. Previously, BR was almost exclusively associated with Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr. (2,3); however, in 2000 to 2002, BR symptoms were associated with black molds and possibly nonfilamentous yeasts and bacteria. Cvs. Thompson Seedless, Flame Seedless, Ruby Seedless, and Red Globe were severely affected. Symptoms start at the pedicels as soft, watery rots that partially or completely decay infected berries. Longitudinal cracks are produced, a black mold usually develops along the crack fissures, and the skin of the berry turns light gray. Isolations on potato dextrose agar acidified with 1 N lactic acid (APDA) at 0.5 ml/liter, consistently yielded Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb. ex Fr.) Vuillemin and Aspergillus niger Tiegh. R. stolonifer on APDA produced a white-to-gray aerial and nonseptate mycelium, black and globose sporangia with an elliptical collumela, one-celled, globose to oval, striated, almost hyaline sporangiospores, rhizoids, and stolons. A. niger produced septate mycelium. Single-celled, black, rough walled, globose conidia developed on short chains on the second phialides at the tip of globose, upright conidiophores. Mature (soluble solids >16%) detached berries of cv. Thompson Seedless were inoculated with sporangiospores (≈107 spores per ml) of R. stolonifer isolates RS6, RS52, RS73, and RS79 and conidia (≈108 conidia per ml) of A. niger isolates AN12, AN69, and AN75. When berries were aseptically punctured with a sterile hypodermic syringe prior to inoculation, 60 to 86.7% and 42.5 to 100% of berries were infected with R. stolonifer and A. niger, respectively, and both developed BR symptoms (significantly different from control berries) after 48 h in humid chambers at 23°C. Injuries were needed for infection since no infection or only 23.3% of noninjured berries were infected with R. stolonifer and A. niger, respectively. For both pathogens, there was a significant (P < 0.043) interaction between isolates and the presence or absence of injuries. Both pathogens were successfully reisolated on APDA. Fungicide sensitivity tests were performed on detached cv. Thompson Seedless berries challenged by placing an ≈6 μl-drop of inoculum suspension (106 or 107 spores per ml of R. stolonifer isolate RS52 and A. niger isolate AN12, respectively) on injured berries. Pyraclostrobin (0.067 mg/ml) mixed with nicobifen at 0.134 mg/ml (BAS 516 01 F at 0.201 mg a.i./ml, BASF) and copper oxide at 1.2 mg/ml (Cuprodul 60 WP, Quimetal Chile) significantly (P < 0.01) inhibited infection (100% control) by R. stolonifer and A. niger. R. stolonifer was completely controlled by dicloran at 1.88 mg/ml (Botran 75 WP) and partially controlled by captan at 1.6 mg/ml (Captan 80 WP), but A. niger was not controlled by either fungicide. To our knowledge this is the first report of R. stolonifer causing BR of table grape in Chile (4). The severe outbreaks may be associated with warm weather conditions during harvest and injuries caused by birds, insects, or cultural practices. Infection caused by R. stolonifer or A. niger may be followed by sour rot organisms (yeasts or bacteria), as has been suggested elsewhere (1,2). References: (1) E. Gravot et al. Phytoma 543:36, 2001. (2) W. B. Hewitt Page 26 in: Compendium of Grape Diseases, American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1994. (3) B. A. Latorre and G. Vásquez. Aconex (Chile) 52:16, 1996. (4) F. Mujica and C. Vergara. Flora Fungosa Chilena. Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Agronomiacute;a, Santiago, Chile, 1980.

scholarly journals Yield and grape quality of three red grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) in relation to altimetry

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Luca Mercenaro ◽  
Ana Fernandes de Oliveira ◽  
Massimiliano Cocco ◽  
Giovanni Nieddu
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Acylated Anthocyanins ◽  
Berry Composition ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Different Altitudes ◽  
Phenological Phases

Environment has a great impact on berry composition. In this context we investigated the quality of extremely widespread grape varieties in Sardinia, cvs. Cannonau, Bovale sardo and Monica, cultivated at different altitudes. The work was conducted in a two-year period in two vineyards located respectively at 500 and 700 meters above sea level. Viticultural model and cultivation practices were the same for both vineyards. The following measurements were noted: (i) main phenological phases, (ii) yield and its components, (iii) must quality from veraison to harvest, and (iv) anthocyanin qualitative profiles at harvest. At higher altitude the phenological phases are delayed. Yield was not statistically influenced by altitude. The ripening of the main technological parameters, although similar among the vineyards, suggests that the effects of the different altitude are clear, but they vary according to year and are cultivar dependent. In cv. Cannonau, higher altitude promoted higher total soluble solids. The extractable anthocyanins were not influenced by altitude, although in all tested varieties the higher altitude favored a decrease in the ratio between non-acylated and acylated anthocyanins.

scholarly journals Effects of Natural Hail on the Growth, Physiological Characteristics, Yield, and Quality of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Thompson Seedless under Mediterranean Growing Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Despoina G. Petoumenou ◽  
Katerina Biniari ◽  
Efstratios Xyrafis ◽  
Dimitrios Mavronasios ◽  
Ioannis Daskalakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Grape Varieties

Hailstorms are typically localized events, and very little is known about their effect on crops. The objective of this study was to examine the physiological and vine performance responses to natural hail, registered four weeks after full bloom, of field-grown Thompson seedless (Vitis vinifera L.) grapevines, one of the most important table grape varieties cultivated in Greece and especially in the Corinthian region in northeastern Peloponnese. Leaf gas exchange, vegetative growth, vine balance indices, cane wood reserves, yield components, and fruit chemical composition were recorded from hail-damaged vines and compared with control vines. Visibly, the extent of the hailstorm damage was great enough to injure or remove leaves as well as cause partial stem bruising and partial injury or total cracking of berries. Our results indicated that natural hail did not affect leaf photosynthesis, berry weight, total acidity, and cane wood reserves but significantly reduced the total leaf area, yield, and the total phenolics of berries at harvest. At the same time, hail-damaged vines increased the leaf area of lateral canes and presented a higher total soluble solid (TSS) accumulation, while no effect on the next year’s fertility was registered. The present work is the first attempt to enhance our understanding of the vegetative yield, berry quality, and physiological responses of grapevines to natural hail, which is an extreme and complex natural phenomenon that is likely to increase due to climate change.

scholarly journals Early-ripening Grapevine Cultivars for Dry-on-vine Raisins on an Open-gable Trellis

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 740-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Fidelibus ◽  
L. Peter Christensen ◽  
Donald G. Katayama ◽  
David W. Ramming
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Training System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Grapevine Cultivar ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Overall Performance

‘Diamond Muscat’, ‘DOVine’, ‘Fiesta’, and ‘Selma Pete’ grapevines (Vitis vinifera) were evaluated to determine their suitability for making dry-on-vine (DOV) raisins on an open-gable trellis. The experiment was a split-plot, with training system, head, bilateral, or quadrilateral cordons as the main plot, and grapevine cultivar (Diamond Muscat, DOVine, Fiesta, or Selma Pete) as the subplot. Yield components, fruit composition, and raisin yield and quality were evaluated annually. Vine training style did not affect fruit composition, or raisin yield or quality, but vines trained to quadrilateral cordons produced more clusters on renewal shoots than head-trained vines. ‘DOVine’, ‘Fiesta’, and ‘Selma Pete’ produced about 4.75 tons/acre of raisins, ≈10% more than ‘Diamond Muscat’. ‘Diamond Muscat’ vines produced the most clusters on renewal shoots, an undesirable trait, and the most clusters per vine. ‘Fiesta’ matured later than the other cultivars, therefore it had the lowest soluble solids, the poorest raisin grades, and the highest field moisture at harvest. ‘Selma Pete’ grapes matured as early, or earlier, than the grapes of other cultivars, they had among the highest soluble solids and raisin grades, and the raisins generally dried well. Thus, ‘Selma Pete’ grapevines had the best overall performance of the cultivars tested.

scholarly journals The importance of pruning to the quality of wine grape fruits (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivated under high-altitude tropical conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro José Almanza-Merchán ◽  
Gerhard Fischer ◽  
Germán Eduardo Cely R.
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Factor Design ◽  
Grape Varieties

Since 1998, the Ain-Karim Vineyard has been growing different grape varieties for the production of high-altitude tropical wines in the municipality of Sutamarchan, located in the Alto Ricaurte region of Boyaca (Colombia). Pruning is used to limit the number and length of branches, generating a suitable balance between plant vigor and production; thereby, regulating fruit quantity and quality and ensuring reserves for the subsequent production. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three pruning types (short = two buds on two spurs; long = five buds on three spurs and mixed = combination of short and long pruning types) on the fruit quality of V. vinifera, Cabernet Sauvignon and Sauvignon Blanc varieties. To accomplish this, a completely randomized two-factor design was used. Physicochemical variables of fruit quality (fresh cluster weight, water content, total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TTA), technical maturity index (TMI), and pH) were determined at harvest. The long pruning type presented the highest values for the fresh cluster weight and TSS of the fruits from both varieties and a higher TMI in the Cabernet Sauvignon variety. These results indicate that, under the conditions of the vineyard, long pruning is the most suitable.

scholarly journals Crop Load Effects on Irrigated and Non-irrigated Vitis vinifera L. cv. Thompson Seedless

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 779G-780
Author(s):  
Larry E. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Fruit Removal ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
Exchange Parameters

A study was conducted to determine the effects of crop removal on gas exchange parameters of `Thompson Seedless' grapevines grown in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Vines were either irrigated at full ET or not irrigated throughout the growing season. Clusters were removed subsequent to veraison, when the fruit soluble solids were ≈15° Brix. Reductions in leaf net CO2 assimilation rate (A) were measured within 1 day of fruit removal for both irrigation treatments and remained such until the end of the experiment. The greatest reduction in A due to crop removal on a diurnal basis was with the non-irrigated vines between 0800 and 1000 hr. The reduction in A subsequent to crop removal was not the result of an accumulation of either starch or sugars in leaf tissue. The greater reduction in A of non-irrigated vines after fruit removal may have been due to the lack of strong, alternate sinks as vegetative growth was minimal due to water stress during the experimental period.

scholarly journals 234 MODERN TECHNIQUES FOR PRESERVING ROOMY RED GRAPES (VITIS VINIFERA L.)

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 463a-463
Author(s):  
Abdel Hameed Wassel
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Sodium Bisulfite ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Red Grapes ◽  
Post Harvest

Spraying Roomy Red grapes with benomyl 15 days before harvesting was effective than the control in decreasing decay percentage during 77 days cold storage(2-3°C). On the other hand, it was of meaningless effect on shattering and bleaching. Adding sodium bisulfite at a rate of 0.25 and 0.50 gms/skgs fruits just before storage minimized decay and shattering percentage. Simultaneously, no significant influence could be detected concerning its influence on bleaching. Sodium bisulffite reduced losses in grapes, weight as well as total soluble solids and acidity than the control and benomyl treatments. The studied parameters in grapes treated with benomyl and solium bisulfite as a pre and post-harvest treatment did not differ statistically than that of those treated with sodium bisulfite alone.

scholarly journals Effect of Harvesting Dates on Yield, Color and Quality of Raisin Prepared from Seedless Grape (Vitis vinifera)

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
A. Venkatram ◽  
A. S. Padmavathamma ◽  
B. Srinivas Rao ◽  
A. Siva Sankar ◽  
K. Manorama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Oleate ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Seedless Grape ◽  
Grape Varieties

Aims: To know the effect of harvesting dates on yield, color and quality of raisins prepared from seedless varieties of grapes viz., Thompson Seedless (TS), 2A Clone (2AC), Sonaka (SO), Manik Chaman (MC) and Merbein Seedless (MS). Study Design: Factorial completely randomized design. Place and Duration of Study: The present investigation was conducted at Grape Research Station, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Ranga Reddy district, Dr. Y. S. R. Horticultural University, during 2012–13 and 2013–14. Methodology: Selected grape varieties viz., TS, 2AC, SO, MC and MS were manually harvested on 9th, 12th, 14th, 17th and 21st March, respectively, chosen as first harvest date i.e. 20 days before local harvest. Succeeding harvests i.e. second, third, fourth and fifth was done with 10 days interval following the first harvest date and used for raisin making. The grape bunches were dried in ventilated rooms after pre-drying treatment with alkaline emulsion of ethyl oleate (2.4% K2CO3 plus 1.5% ethyl oleate) with ascorbic acid 1000 ppm. Results: Well matured grapes, which are harvested between 19th April to 1st May (20 days after local harvest) recorded lowest brown and mixed colored raisins and correspondingly increased green colored raisins. The grapes dried early in variety MS and it takes only 13.27 days followed by 2AC, TS, MC and SO in order. Raisin yield, size, texture, color homogeneity, total soluble solids, and Hunter color L*, -a* (greenness) and b* values increased with successive harvest dates. TS raisins were superior compared to others. The moisture content of raisins was lowest in fully matured (19th April to 1st May) grapes. Conclusion: Raisins prepared from fully ripened grapes i.e. harvested between 9th to 19th April for Thompson Seedless and 17th to 27th April for Manik Chaman was superior regarding yield, retention of green color and quality.

scholarly journals The impact of cluster thinning on fertility and berry and wine composition of 'Blauer Portugieser' (Vitis vinifera L.) grapevine variety

OENO One ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Jan Reščič ◽  
Maja Mikulič-Petkovšek ◽  
Franci Štampar ◽  
Anka Zupan ◽  
Denis Rusjan
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Grapevine Variety ◽  
Vine Growth ◽  
Wine Composition ◽  
Cluster Thinning ◽  
The Impact

<p><strong>Aim</strong>: Two different yield reductions based on cluster thinning (CT) were performed to determine their impact on vine growth, yield, and grape and wine composition of 'Blauer Portugieser' grapevine variety.</p><p><strong>Methods and results</strong>: Two levels of cluster thinning (limited CT1 – 20-30 % and severe CT2 – 40-50 % cluster reduction) were applied at the pea-size berry (BBCH 75) phenological stage in 2007, 2008 and 2011. The potential impact of CT was determined by measurements of vine growth and fertility potential, berry weight, berry colour, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, pH and total phenolics. Additionally, for the first time, individual phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in berry skin and wine by HPLC-MS. In general, CT of 'Blauer Portugieser' significantly decreased titratable acidity in grape and wine, and increased pH and chromatic parameters in grape and alcohol content and volatile acidity in wine. A significant decrease in yield per vine (of 0.92 kg of grape/vine), together with an increase in soluble solids (of 2.8 °Brix) in grape and pH and total extract content in wine was only observed in severe CT (CT2). Furthermore, CT2 significantly increased the content of total anthocyanins, flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids, but not total flavanols, in grape and wine. CT2 significantly increased the content and proportion of <em>p</em>-coumaroyl pentose in grape and wine, catechin in grape, epicatechin in wine, quercetin-3-glucuronide (the main flavonol in 'Blauer Portugieser') in grape and wine, the content of myricetin-3-glucoside in grape, and the content of 3-glucosides of laricitrin, myricetin and quercetin in wine. Finally, CT2 increased the content and the proportion of 3-glucosides of delphinidin, petunidin and peonidin but decreased the proportion of malvidin-3-glucoside in grape and wine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: A significant impact on yield and grape and wine composition was observed, particularly in the CT2 treatment, in which the yield loss was compensated by higher contents of soluble solids in grape, alcohol in wine, and phenolic compounds in grape and wine.</p><p><strong>Significance and impact of the study</strong>: The present study is the first report on the impact of different levels of cluster thinning on yield and grape and wine composition of 'Blauer Portugieser' variety. Grape and wine composition has been evaluated with an emphasis on a detailed profile of individual and total phenolic contents. The results are undoubtedly useful for winegrowers, who, until now, lacked technological guidelines to optimize 'Blauer Portugieser' yield and wine quality.</p>

scholarly journals Study of some natural characters for a group of European grape varieties Vitis vinifera L. planted in Tarhuna region

2019 ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Abderzak M. Balaban
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Local Variety ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Number Of Seeds

This study was carried out on a group of eight European grape varieties Vitis vinifera L. planted under rain fed irrigation in Tarhuna region during 2017 season. The aim was to evaluate some natural characters of the fresh fruits. These varieties are: (Moscat Elscandaria, Crimson, Victoria, Zorazi, Yellow Farina, Boaboud or Black Aboud, Local Black and Local White). Results showed highly significant differences amongst the varieties in all the studied traits. Farina variety produced heavier clusters and higher number of seeds per fruit (550 gm and 2 seed/fruit) respectively. On the other hand, results indicated that Victoria variety produced relativity higher weight and size of fruits (283.8 gm and 270.3 ml/50 fruits) respectively. the trait of the percentage of total soluble sold was significantly higher in Black Local variety (22.6%). Correlation analysis showed a statistically positive relationship between the weight and size of the fruit (value), and between the number of seeds per fruit and the percentage of total soluble sold (value). In general, results of this study showed a statistically significant variation amongst the varieties in their natural traits. .and the majority of the varieties compensated the lack in one trait with the strength in other traits. In conclusion, results of this study indicated that Victoria variety is the best option when grape varieties are planted for fresh consumption purpose, besides, Local Black variety is preferred for grape juice production.

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