Ethephon-Induced Abscission of Oil Palm Fruits at Optimal Bunch Ripeness and Retting Period to Improve Commercial Seed Production

Oil palm seed producers typically require 10 months of various processes from pollination to seed germination to produce commercial dura × pisifera hybrid seeds. Conventional forced fruit shedding from underripe fresh fruit bunches (FFB) usually causes seed damage and an extended retting period (incubation for natural fruit abscission from spikelets), eventually leading to bunch rot and disease infection. As a fruit ripening agent, ethephon has been explored to hasten fruit abscission in many fruit crops and oil palm. Nevertheless, the previous studies in oil palm only focused on fruit shedding from FFB to improve oil extraction rate in oil mills without considering the actual FFB ripeness and retting period, which are critical for oil palm seed production. In this study, the application of ethephon containing buffer (adjusted to pH 9.0) to underripe FFB at 145 days after pollination (DAP), 135 DAP and 125 DAP resulted in 50% more fruit abscission after a 72-h incubation. Considering the minimal seed loss upon FFB harvest (<1%) and 50% reduction in retting period, underripe FFB at around 145 DAP was found to be optimum for seed production using ethephon treatment. The treatment, however, made negligible improvement in fruit detachment for ripe FFB at 150 DAP and older. Importantly, seed germination and culling rate at nursery stages were not significantly affected by the ethephon treatment. Hence, ethephon application can improve commercial seed production practices for oil palm.

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Development of Image Based Modeling for Determination of Oil Content and Days Estimation for Harvesting of Fresh Fruit Bunches

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.2202/1556-3758.1633 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mohd. Hudzari Razali ◽

Wan Ishak Wan Ismail ◽

Abdul Rahman Ramli ◽

Md. Nasir Sulaiman ◽

Mohd. Haniff Harun

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Oil Content ◽

Oil Extraction ◽

Fresh Fruit ◽

Extraction Rate ◽

Outdoor Environment ◽

Oil Palm Plantation ◽

Fresh Fruit Bunches ◽

Palm Fruits ◽

Relationship Of

In this study, the relationship of oil extraction rate (OER) and fruit ripeness will be determined. The sample of oil palm fruits was collected from the unripe until the overripe stage and the oil content of the mesocarp for fresh fruit bunches (FFB) was extracted by using bunch analysis procedure to get the oil extraction rate. Using the same samples of FFB, the pixel value of images which measure in hue, was determined by developed image analysis software. The images were captured under an outdoor environment in an oil palm plantation. The sunlight intensity of environment was recorded using Extech light meter at various times of the day from morning to afternoon in the oil palm plantation. The result of the experiment that showed a good relationship was found between the oil content of FFB with its image pixel values. The mathematical model was developed in determining the optimum days for FFB harvesting.

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Pengaruh perbedaan ukuran polen pada penyerbukan buatan terhadap potensi jumlah buah pada tanaman kelapa sawit (Elaeis guinensis Jacq.)

Kultivasi ◽

10.24198/kultivasi.v18i1.19611 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Enceng Sobari ◽

Ahmad Akmal Hasibuan ◽

M. Subandi

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Pollen Size ◽

Palm Fruit ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Natural Pollination ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Fresh Fruit Bunches ◽

Palm Fruits ◽

Range Test

Sari. Pembentukan buah tanaman kelapa sawit yang menurun berimbas pada produksi tandan buah segar. Hal ini diakibatkan oleh penyerbukan secara alami yang kurang efektif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan ukuran serbuk sari terhadap potensi jumlah buah dalam satu tandan, persentase keberhasilan pembentukan buah, dan bentuk buah kelapa sawit dengan cara penyerbukan buatan. Metode yang digunakan merupakan metode eksperimen dengan rancangan percobaan berupa Rancangan Acak Lengkap, yang terdiri dari 2 perlakuan ukuran serbuk sari dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari ukuran serbuk sari 10 mesh dan 12 mesh. Pengujian lanjut dilakukan dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi ukuran serbuk sari tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah buah terbentuk dalam satu tandan, tetapi persentase keberhasilan pembentukan buah >80%, dan bentuk buah yang dihasilkan rata-rata buah normal. Ukuran serbuk sari dari saringan 10 dan 12 mesh secara deskriptif lebih kecil serta seragam dibandingkan saringan 2 – 8 mesh.Kata kunci: Kelapa Sawit, Potensi Hasil, Polen, Buah.Abstract. Decline of oil palm fruit sets impacts on the production of fresh fruit bunches (FFB). This is caused by less effective natural pollination. Objective of this research was to determine the effect of pollen size differences by artificial pollination to the potency of number of fruits per bunch, percentage of success fruit sets, and shapes of oil palm fruits. The method used experimental method. Experimental design was Completely Randomized Design (CRD), which consisted of 2 pollen size treatments and 3 replications. The treatment consisted of pollen size of 10 mesh and 12 mesh, then tested by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the application of pollen size did not significantly affect the number of fruits per bunch, but the percentage of success fruit sets was> 80%, and the shape of fruit was normal. Pollen size from sieves 10 and 12 mesh descriptively homogen and smaller than pollen size from sieves 2 – 8 mesh. Keywords: Palm Oil, Potential Results, Pollen, Fruit.

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HIDUNG ELEKTRONIK BERBASIS SENSOR GAS MOS UNTUK KARAKTERISASI KEMATANGAN BUAH KELAPA SAWIT

Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) ◽

10.23960/jtep-l.v10i2.170-182 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 170

Author(s):

Minarni Shiddiq ◽

Lentina Br Sitohang ◽

Ikhsan Rahman Husein ◽

Sinta Afria Ningsih ◽

Sri Hermonica ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Sensor ◽

Electronic Nose ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Hardness Measurement ◽

Key Factors ◽

Palm Fruit ◽

Sample Chamber ◽

Fresh Fruit Bunches ◽

Palm Fruits ◽

Electronic Nose System

The ripeness of oil palm fruits is one of the key factors for crude palm oil qualities. Recently, electronic nose systems have been developed intensively for fruit quality assessment which relates odors to ripeness levels. This study developed an electronic nose system to characterize the ripeness levels of oil palm fruits using output voltage of each sensor and fruit hardness. The system consisted of a sensor chamber and a sample chamber. The sensor chamber consisted of eight MOS gas sensor modules of MQ series. Samples were oil palm fruits taken from oil palm fresh fruit bunches (FFB) which were previously categorized traditionally into unripe, ripe, over ripe, peeled and put into the sample chamber. Some of the fruits were also used for hardness measurement. To quantify the output voltages for each sensor, integrated trapezoid areas were calculated and related to the fruit hardness values. The results showed a significant voltage difference of each sensor for the three ripeness levels. Only four out of eight sensors showed significantly higher voltages. Three sensors which can significantly differentiate the ripeness levels are MQ3, MQ5, and MQ135 which MQ135 is the best. This shows that the electronic nose is potential for oil palm fruits. Keywords: electronic nose, fruit hardness, MOS gas sensor, oil palm fruit, ripeness

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Temperature fluctuation improves oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) dura × pisifera seed germination

Seed Science and Technology ◽

10.15258/sst.2020.48.1.07 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 49-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M.G. Norsazwan ◽

U.R. Sinniah ◽

A.B. Puteh ◽

P. Namasivayam ◽

M. Mohaimi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Seed Production ◽

Constant Temperature ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Temperature Fluctuation ◽

Daily Maximum ◽

Seed Processing ◽

Temperature Amplitude

Oil palm is mainly propagated using dura × pisifera (D × P) hybrid seeds. Among the issues in D × P seed production are relatively poor seed germination and uniformity, despite heat treatment at 40°C to break dormancy. The conditions for germination post-heat-treatment may be a contributing factor. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of constant 30°C or ambient temperature fluctuation at two different locations, Sime Darby Oil Palm Breeding Seed Processing Renggam, Johor and the Seed Production Unit (SPU) Banting, Selangor on oil palm D × P seed germination. At both locations, final mean germination percentage and speed were higher at fluctuating temperatures compared with constant 30°C. Under fluctuating conditions, the Oil Palm Breeding Seed Processing Renggam environment resulted in higher germination (85.8%) compared with SPU Banting (69.8%). Thus, the higher temperature amplitude (difference between daily maximum and minimum temperatures) was an important factor, resulting in higher germination. Therefore, oil palm can be germinated under ambient temperature conditions to obtain higher germination than under constant temperature, avoiding the need for maintaining expensive constant temperature germination rooms. In addition, a sufficiently high temperature amplitude can be beneficial in improving the ability to germinate and the speed of germination.

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ANALISIS TATANIAGA TANDAN BUAH SEGAR KELAPA SAWIT DI DESA TEMPAKAN KECAMATAN BATU ENGAU KABUPATEN PASER (Marketing Analysis of Fresh Fruit Bunches of Oil Palm in Tempakan Village, Batu Engau Subregency, Paser Regency)

JURNAL AGRIBISNIS DAN KOMUNIKASI PERTANIAN (Journal of Agribusiness and Agricultural Communication) ◽

10.35941/jakp.2.2.2019.2686.113-120 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 113

Author(s):

SIMON SUTRADO SIMANJUNTAK ◽

ACHMAD ZAINI

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Marketing Channel ◽

Marketing Channels ◽

Fresh Fruit ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Level Zero ◽

Average Share ◽

Marketing Analysis ◽

Fresh Fruit Bunches

The purposes of this study were to know marketing channel, marketing margin, share, and marketing profit of fresh fruit bunches of oil palm in Tempakan Village, Batu Engau Subregency, Paser Regency. The study was conducted from June to August 2016. The sampling method was done with two ways as random sampling in farmer level and in marketing channel as snowball sampling. Data analysis were done by calculating marketing margin, share, and marketing profit. The results of this study showed that there are two marketing channels in reserach location are channel of level zero and channel of level one. Marketing margin in farmer level was Rp40.39 kg-1 and margin in whole trader level was Rp314.44 kg-1. The average share of farmer level was 97.58% and in trader level was 81.48%. Margin and share that profitable for farmer is at channel of level zero. The average of profit in whole trader level of fresh fruit bunches was 112.75%, that meant marketing by whole trader is profitable.

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Phylogenetic and pathogenicity evaluation of the marasmioid fungus Marasmius palmivorus causing fruit bunch rot disease of oil palm

Forest Pathology ◽

10.1111/efp.12660 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed Maizatul‐Suriza ◽

Jaabi Suhanah ◽

Ahmad Zairun Madihah ◽

Abu Seman Idris ◽

Hasmah Mohidin

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Bunch Rot ◽

Rot Disease

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Life cycle inventory for the production of germinated oil palm seeds at a selected seed production unit in Malaysia

10.1063/1.4858717 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Nik Sasha Khatrina Khairuddin ◽

B. S. Ismail ◽

Halimah Muhamad ◽

Choo Yuen May

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Seed Production ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Life Cycle Inventory ◽

Production Unit

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INFLUENCE DES CULTIVARS ET DES STADES DE PRÉLÈVEMENT DE LA PREMIÈRE POUSSE SUR LA PRODUCTION DE SEMENCE DE TRÈFLE ROUGE

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps90-129 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 1071-1080 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

LUCIUS BELZILE

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seed Production ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Red Clover ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Cultivar Group ◽

Stage Of Development ◽

Clover Seed

For five years, the effect of cultivars and vegetative stage of cutting were measured on red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) seed production. The first group of cultivars included Hungaropoli, Ottawa and Lakeland harvested in 1981 and 1982. The second group included Arlington, Florex and Prosper I harvested in 1984, 1985 and 1987. The total annual seed yield differed within cultivars and the highest seed yield was obtained with Hungaropoly and Florex. In the first cultivar group, the tetraploid Hungaropoly obtained a kernel weight higher than the diploids Lakeland and Ottawa. In the second group of cultivars, all diploids, Arlington yielded the highest kernel weight. The percentage of seed germination of Hungaropoly was higher than Lakeland and Ottawa while for Florex it was slightly higher than Arlington and Prosper I. A prior vegetative cutting is essential for good seed yield. In the absence of vegetative cutting seed weight seemed improved. The stage of development at which vegetative cutting is done has little influence on percentage seed germination. These results have shown that despite the strong effect of climatic conditions on seed production, the choice of the optimum stage for vegetative cutting and a well adapted cultivar are important aspects in successful seed production.Key words: Red clover, seed production, cultivar, stage of cutting

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Economic Assessment of Technology Adoption in Oil Palm Plantations from Colombia

International Journal of Financial Research ◽

10.5430/ijfr.v8n3p74 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 74 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mauricio Mosquera-Montoya ◽

Elizabeth Ruiz-Alvarez ◽

Eloina Mesa-Fuquen

Keyword(s):

Technology Adoption ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Net Present Value ◽

Unit Cost ◽

Economic Assessment ◽

Net Income ◽

Adoption Of Technology ◽

Land Use Efficiency ◽

Fresh Fruit Bunches ◽

The One

Adopting technology regarding agricultural crops has traditionally been associated with high costs. Producers have thus often abstained from adopting better agronomical practices and have consequently lost the benefits they could otherwise have obtained by implementing better criteria for managing their crops.This research builds on results by Ruiz et al., (2017) who found three typologies of oil palm lots, regarding adoption of technology and yields on oil palm crops from Colombia. This work was aimed at evaluating the typologies found by Ruiz et al. (2017) from an economic standpoint by using different economic assessment methods, in order to determine the benefits of technology adoption at the Colombian oil palm agroindustry. The methods used were aimed at estimating: unit cost, net present value (NPV), net income, land use efficiency, generation of income and competitiveness.Results indicate that the cost of producing a ton of fresh fruit bunches from oil palms (FFB) on lots having high adoption of technology was 2.5% to 8% lower when compared to lots having lower adoption of technology (Typologies 2 and 3. respectively). Technology adoption enables greater yearly net income to be obtained in mature oil palm crops in typology 1, than the one obtained at typology 2 and typology 3. The adoption of technology allows the grower to obtain net income equivalent to a legally-established yearly minimum wage (LEYMW), using less land. Finally, it was concluded that at average CPO prices for the period 2005-2015, the Colombian growers that participated in this study, may be competitive at the European market, which is the main destination of Colombian exports of crude palm oil (CPO).

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