scholarly journals Effective Categorization of Tolerance to Salt Stress through Clustering Prunus Rootstocks According to Their Physiological Performances

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Guillermo Toro ◽  
Paula Pimentel ◽  
Ariel Salvatierra
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Prunus Cerasus ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Plant Breeding Program ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Selection Of

The effects of climate change on traditional stone fruit producing areas, together with the generation of new varieties with lower chilling requirements that allow the cultivation of previously unexplored areas, are setting up a challenging scenario for the establishment of productive orchards that must be more efficient in their capacity to adapt to new edaphoclimatic conditions. In this context, the rootstock breeding programs are a key piece in the agronomic strategy to achieve this adaptation through the development of rootstocks compatible with the new varieties and capable of transferring their tolerance to stress. An effective categorization of phenotypes within the germplasm involved in a plant breeding program is of utmost importance. Through the measurement of physiological parameters in both roots and leaves, tolerance to saline stress (120 mM NaCl) was evaluated in seven Prunus rootstocks whose genetic background included representatives of the subgenera Prunus, Cerasus, and Amygdalus. To group the genotypes according to their physiological performance under salt stress, an agglomerative hierarchical clustering was applied. The genotypes were grouped into three clusters containing rootstocks very sensitive (‘Mazzard F12/1’), moderately tolerant (‘Maxma 60’, ‘Cab6P’ and ‘AGAF 0204-09’), and tolerant (‘Mariana 2624’, ‘Garnem’ and ‘Colt’) to salt stress. ‘Mariana 2624’, a plum-based rootstock, was identified as the most tolerant Prunus rootstock. The information reported is valuable both in the productive context, for the selection of the most appropriate rootstocks to establish an orchard, and in the context of plant breeding programs, when choosing parents with outstanding traits to obtain progenies tolerant to salt stress.

scholarly journals Flow-cytometry applications in plant breeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 079-084
Author(s):  
Gean Carlo Ciprian-Salcedo ◽  
Jorge Jimenez-Davalos ◽  
Gaston Zolla
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Population growth, climate change and global warming are the great challenges facing agriculture in the 21st century. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of selection of new varieties in plant breeding programs. In this regard, flow cytometry has proven to be a very powerful tool to speed-up selection processes in plant breeding because of its versatility and capacity to evaluate large populations.

Genetic engineering of crop plants: from genome to gene

1997 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
pp. 15-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Forster ◽  
M. A. Lee ◽  
U. Lundqvist ◽  
S. Millam ◽  
K. Vamling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Transitional Phase ◽  
Selection Of

Genetic engineering of crop plants has been in progress since the dawn of agriculture, about 10 000 years ago. For millennia the genetic make-up of our crop plants has been changed by mankind's selection of naturally occurring variants. As the trade routes were developed, novel plant types were introduced into new environments and provided more variation from which to choose. At the end of the nineteenth century an understanding of the laws of heredity was gained and plant breeding protocols were devised whereby selection became accompanied by deliberate crossing. As the knowledge of the genetic structure of crop plants improved, new ways of manipulation were invented and exploited. Indeed plant breeding became a testing bed for new ideas in genetics. For the plant breeder the techniques which were most widely employed in the past were those which aided breeding, for example techniques which speeded up the production of new varieties, but still used traditional routes of crossing and selection. This was a transitional phase between plant breeding as an art and plant breeding as a science.

scholarly journals Polymorphic Identification of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Marker for Developing Aluminum-Tolerance Upland Rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
Yuliana Galih Dyan Anggraheni ◽  
Enung Sri Mulyaningsih ◽  
Dody Priadi ◽  
Puspita Deswina ◽  
Yuli Sulistyowati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Ssr Marker ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Ssr Primers ◽  
And Control ◽  
Selection Of

SSR marker is one of the genetic markers widely applied in plant breeding programs. The application of molecular markers in plant breeding is meant to accelerate the selection of cross-progeny. The research aimed to identify the SSR primers polymorphism between the parent and control that linked to Al tolerance and verify the cross-progeny of five crosses. The result gained from 37 SSR primers used in this study showed that only nine primers are polymorphic. These nine polymorphic primers are RM257, RM214, RM247, RM205, RM490, RM262, RM569, RM271, and RM19. The application of polymorphic markers on five cross-progeny which have shown the same band pattern as the parents and tolerant control on the use of 9 SSR primers recorded as follows: RM257 2 lines, RM214 5 lines, RM247 5 lines, RM205 lines, RM490 13 lines, RM262 5 lines, RM569 7 lines, RM271 4 lines, and RM19 6 lines. The selected SSR primers linked to Al tolerance in this research can be used as a reference for molecular breeding strategies to develop new Al tolerance rice varieties in dryland conditions.

Peculiarities of studying the gene pool and breeding of triticale in the Central region of the non-chernozem zone

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
A. M. Medvedev ◽  
A. V. Nardid ◽  
M. A. Kuzmich ◽  
L. S. Kuzmich
Keyword(s):  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Federal Research ◽  
World Collection ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Selection Of

The article considers the results of experiments on the study and selection of sources of valuable features from the world collection. The aim of the research is to create new varieties of winter triticale with high features of productivity (over 12 t/ha) and grain quality in comparison with the Victor and Hermes standards. Special attention in the experiments is paid to the search for genotypes that are promising for use in breeding programs for different types of crossing, obtaining hybrid populations, identifying forms, lines with a complex of economically useful features. Breeders of Federal Research Center “Nemchinovka” for a number of years received varieties of winter triticale, competitive in Russia and abroad, able to form a crop of more than 10 t\ha of quality grain. However, their disadvantages are tallness, susceptibility to dangerous diseases (snow mold, septoriosis), and significant variability in grain harvest over the years (2.9). The authors have identified sources of economic and valuable features from the collection of N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources. This includes the winter-hardy variety Tsekad 90, drought-resistant Doctrina 110, short-stemmed Legion, Kentavr, yielding large-grain Efremovskaya, etc., successfully used in breeding. Highly productive lines have been created (No.6 408-19-71, No.618-176, No.878-1-25, No.690-1-19) and varieties (Gera, Kapella, Arktur) with a fixed grain harvest of more than 10t\ ha, adaptive to the natural conditions of the non-Chernozem zone and the middle Volga region.

scholarly journals Spatial statistical analysis and selection of genotypes in plant breeding

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Batista Duarte ◽  
Roland Vencovsky
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Local Variation ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Spatial Statistical Analysis ◽  
Plant Breeding Program ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of spatial statistical analysis in the selection of genotypes in a plant breeding program and, particularly, to demonstrate the benefits of the approach when experimental observations are not spatially independent. The basic material of this study was a yield trial of soybean lines, with five check varieties (of fixed effect) and 110 test lines (of random effects), in an augmented block design. The spatial analysis used a random field linear model (RFML), with a covariance function estimated from the residuals of the analysis considering independent errors. Results showed a residual autocorrelation of significant magnitude and extension (range), which allowed a better discrimination among genotypes (increase of the power of statistical tests, reduction in the standard errors of estimates and predictors, and a greater amplitude of predictor values) when the spatial analysis was applied. Furthermore, the spatial analysis led to a different ranking of the genetic materials, in comparison with the non-spatial analysis, and a selection less influenced by local variation effects was obtained.

scholarly journals BREEDING STRATEGIES AND METHODS FOR FOLIAGE AND FLOWERING ORNAMENTALS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 699a-699
Author(s):  
Henry M. Donselman
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Breeding Strategies ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Rapid Multiplication ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Selection Of

Tissue culture labs based in countries with high labor costs are becoming more dependent on proprietary plants. This has increased the necessity of high profile plant breeding programs. Foliage and flowering plant breeding programs have evolved rapidly to take advantage of the benefits associated with tissue culture labs. Breeding strategies and methods will be discussed on existing flowering and foliage programs for Anthuriums, Euphorbia, Aloe, Spathiphyllum, Homalomena, and Dieffenbachia. Embryo rescue in the lab has increased the survival of wide crosses from different species within a genera. Rapid multiplication of selected clones has increased the efficiency of screening for disease and insect resistance in the selection of new cultivars. Marketing, along with improved horticultural characteristics, determine the success of new releases.

scholarly journals `Sterling' Dieffenbachia

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1356
Author(s):  
R. J. Henny ◽  
J. Chen ◽  
D.J. Norman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Foliage Plants ◽  
Ornamental Foliage Plants ◽  
Plant Breeding Program ◽  
Foliage Plant ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Interior Environments ◽  
New Cultivars

Species and cultivars of Dieffenbachia Schott. (Araceae Juss.) have been important ornamental foliage plants for many decades. Their attractive foliar variegation, adaptability to interior environments, and ease of production are major reasons for their importance as ornamental foliage plants. Approximately 20 cultivars are commercially produced in Florida. Previously, most new cultivars were clones introduced from the wild or chance mutations of existing cultivars. Currently, cultivars are introduced into production from plant breeding programs (Henny 1995a, b; Henny and Chen, 2003; Henny et al., 1987). The hybrid Dieffenbachia `Sterling' was developed by the tropical foliage plant breeding program at the Mid-Florida Research and Education Center.

Tomato Molecular Markers

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Szczechura ◽  
Mirosława Staniaszek ◽  
Hanna Habdas
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Wild Form ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Breeding Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Tomato Molecular MarkersTomato (Solanum lycopersicumL.) is one of the most popular vegetable grown in many regions of the world. Due to its high taste quality and nutritional value increase interest in the cultivation of this species and its consumption. Using the latest achievements in fields of genetics, molecular biology and biotechnology, breeders can create new varieties with improved useful traits. Introduction of DNA markers, especially those based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has led to breakthrough in the plants genetic research, including tomato. They are successfully used for plant genomes mapping, phylogenetics studies, selection of parental forms in plant breeding, and above all to identify the genes of important traits. For tomato have been identified and mapped 9309 molecular markers. High-density genetic maps development gives an opportunity to use them in genetic research and breeding programs. Identification of DNA markers closely linked to studied gene can significantly facilitate the identification of desirable traits in material breeding, or accelerate the plants selection for elimination of genotypes with undesirable genes. Material breeding selection using molecular markers, defined as MAS (marker-assisted-selection) is increasingly being used in tomato breeding programs, contributing to facilitated identification of genes or QTL and their transfer into the cultivated species from wild form.

scholarly journals Variability of half-sib progeny properties as the base of Moesian beech (Fagus moesiaca (Maly) Czeczott) breeding

2004 ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Mirjana Ocokoljic ◽  
Nebojsa Anastasijevic
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Selection Of

Based on the analysis of several morphological features and phenotype characteristics of seedlings in the juvenile test with 10 half-sib lines of Moesian beech (Fagus moesiaca (Maly) Czeczott), this paper gives the guidelines for further breeding and production of planting material for urban coenoses and the establishment of special purpose plantations of this species. The comparative analysis enabled the identification of the extreme planting material for further breeding programs aiming at dwarf varieties the selection of seedlings for tree rows, as well as the selection of planting material of special phenotype characteristics, which can be used as the initial material for the synthesis of the new varieties of Moesian beech.

scholarly journals A hybrid optimal contribution approach to drive short-term gains while maintaining long-term sustainability in a modern plant breeding program

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Santantonio ◽  
Kelly Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Plant Breeding Program

1AbstractPlant breeding programs must adapt genomic selection to an already complex system. Inbred or hybrid plant breeding programs must make crosses, produce inbred individuals, and phenotype inbred lines or their hybrid test-crosses to select and validate superior material for product release. These products are few, and while it is clear that population improvement is necessary for continued genetic gain, it may not be sufficient to generate superior products. Rapid-cycle recurrent truncation genomic selection has been proposed to increase genetic gain by reducing generation time. This strategy has been shown to increase short-term gains, but can quickly lead to loss of genetic variance through inbreeding as relationships drive prediction. The optimal contribution of each individual can be determined to maximize gain in the following generation while limiting inbreeding. While optimal contribution strategies can maintain genetic variance in later generations, they suffer from a lack of short-term gains in doing so. We present a hybrid approach that branches out yearly to push the genetic value of potential varietal materials while maintaining genetic variance in the recurrent population, such that a breeding program can achieve short-term success without exhausting long-term potential. Because branching increases the genetic distance between the phenotyping pipeline and the recurrent population, this method requires sacrificing some trial plots to phenotype materials directly out of the recurrent population. We envision the phenotypic pipeline not only for selection and validation, but as an information generator to build predictive models and develop new products.

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