scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Changes in PM2.5 and Their Relationships with Land-Use and People in Hangzhou

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Tian ◽  
Wei Hou ◽  
Jiquan Chen ◽  
Chaonan Chen ◽  
Xiaojun Pan
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Absorption Function ◽  
Spatiotemporal Changes ◽  
The Status ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
The Government ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

Increases in the extent and level of air pollution in Chinese cities have become a major concern of the public and burden on the government. While ample literature has focused on the status, changes and causes of air pollution (particularly on PM2.5 and PM10), significantly less is known on their effects on people. In this study we used Hangzhou, China, as our testbed to assess the direct impact of PM2.5 on youth populations that are more vulnerable to pollution. We used the ground monitoring data of air quality and Aerosol optical thickness (AOT) product from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for the spatiotemporal changes of PM2.5 by season in 2015. We further explored these distributions with land cover, population density and schools (kindergarten, primary school and middle school) to explore the potential impacts in seeking potential mitigation solutions. We found that the seasonal variation of PM2.5 concentration was winter > spring > autumn > summer. In Hangzhou, the percentage of land area exposed to PM2.5 > 50 µg m−3 accounted for 59.86% in winter, 56.62% in spring, 40.44% in autumn and 0% in summer, whereas these figures for PM2.5 of <35 µg m−3 were 70.01%, 5.28%, 5.17%, 4.16% in summer, winter, autumn and spring, respectively. As for land cover, forest experienced PM2.5 of 35–50 µg m−3 (i.e., lower than those of other cover types), likely due to the potential filtering and absorption function of the forests. More importantly, a quantitative index based on population-weighted exposure level (pwel) indicated that only 9.06% of the population lived in areas that met the national air quality standards. Only 1.66% (14,055) of infants and juveniles lived in areas with PM2.5 of <35 µg m−3. Considering the legacy effects of PM2.5 over the long-term, we highly recommend improving the monitoring systems for both air quality and people (i.e., their health conditions), with special attention paid to infants and juveniles.

scholarly journals Exploring the Use of PlanetScope Data for Particulate Matter Air Quality Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2981
Author(s):  
Jeanné le Roux ◽  
Sundar Christopher ◽  
Manil Maskey
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Land Cover Types ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Geolocation Accuracy

Planet, a commercial company, has achieved a key milestone by launching a large fleet of small satellites (smallsats) that provide high spatial resolution imagery of the entire Earth’s surface on a daily basis with its PlanetScope sensors. Given the potential utility of these data, this study explores the use for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air quality applications. However, before these data can be utilized for air quality applications, key features of the data, including geolocation accuracy, calibration quality, and consistency in spectral signatures, need to be addressed. In this study, selected Dove-Classic PlanetScope data is screened for geolocation consistency. The spectral response of the Dove-Classic PlanetScope data is then compared to Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data over different land cover types, and under varying PM2.5 and mid visible aerosol optical depth (AOD) conditions. The data selected for this study was found to fall within Planet’s reported geolocation accuracy of 10 m (between 3–4 pixels). In a comparison of top of atmosphere (TOA) reflectance over a sample of different land cover types, the difference in reflectance between PlanetScope and MODIS ranged from near-zero (0.0014) to 0.117, with a mean difference in reflectance of 0.046 ± 0.031 across all bands. The reflectance values from PlanetScope were higher than MODIS 78% of the time, although no significant relationship was found between surface PM2.5 or AOD and TOA reflectance for the cases that were studied. The results indicate that commercial satellite data have the potential to address Earth-environmental issues.

scholarly journals The Impact of “Coal to Gas” Policy on Air Quality: Evidence from Beijing, China

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Liu ◽  
Xueli Chen ◽  
Jinyang Cai ◽  
Tomas Baležentis ◽  
Yue Li
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Beijing China

Air pollution has become an increasingly serious environmental problem in China. Especially in winter, the air pollution in northern China becomes even worse due to winter heating. The “coal to gas” policy, which uses natural gas to replace coal in the heating system in winter, was implemented in Beijing in the year 2013. However, the effects of this policy reform have not been examined. Using a panel dataset of 16 districts in Beijing, this paper employs a first difference model to examine the impact of the “coal to gas” policy on air quality. Strong evidence shows that the “coal to gas” policy has significantly improved the air quality in Beijing. On average, the “coal to gas” policy reduced sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter smaller than 10 µm (PM10), particulate matter smaller than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO) by 12.08%, 4.89%, 13.07%, 11.94% and 11.10% per year, respectively. We find that the “coal to gas” policy is more effective in areas with less energy use efficiency. The finding of this paper suggests that the government should continue to implement the “coal to gas” policy, so as to alleviate the air pollution in Beijing, China.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Treatment Analysis of Air Quality Including Particulate Pollutants: A Case Study of Shandong Province, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9476
Author(s):  
Bowen Jiang ◽  
Yuangang Li ◽  
Weixin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

At present, China’s air pollution and its treatment effect are issues of general concern in the academic circles. Based on the analysis of the development stages of air pollution in China and the development history of China’s air quality standards, we selected 17 cities of Shandong Province, China as the research objects. By expanding China’s existing Air Quality Index System, the air quality of six major pollutants including PM2.5 and PM10 in 17 cities from February 2017 to January 2020 is comprehensively evaluated. Then, with a forecast model, the air quality of the above cities in the absence of air pollution control policies since June 2018 was simulated. The results of the error test show that the model has a maximum error of 4.67% when simulating monthly assessment scores, and the maximum mean error of the four months is 3.17%. Through the comparison between the simulation results and the real evaluation results of air quality, we found that since June 2018, the air pollution control policies of six cities have achieved more than 10% improvement, while the air quality of the other 11 cities declined. The different characteristics of pollutants and the implementation of governance policies are perhaps the main reasons for the above differences. Finally, policy recommendations for the future air pollution control in Shandong and China were provided.

scholarly journals Analysis of Urban Air Pollution and The Effectiveness of Air Pollution Control Policy in Malaysia: Case Study in Klang Valley, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Haslina Mohd Shafie ◽  
Suzani Mohamad ◽  
Nor Lita Fadilah Rameli ◽  
Sahala Benny Pasaribu
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Information System ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Klang Valley ◽  
The Government

AbstractAir pollution in Malaysia is largely attributed to motor vehicles and land transportation, industrial activities and open burning. It has a hazardous effect on the public’s health and the environment. This study focuses on the spatial analysis of carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O3) concentrations trend in Klang Valley stations, specifically in Klang, Petaling Jaya, Kajang, Shah Alam and Cheras from 2000 to 2009. The study used the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation technique under the Geographic Information System (GIS). This study found that the distribution pattern of CO spatial concentrations in the Klang Valley is the highest concentration and reached 2.5 ppm, especially in Klang and Petaling Jaya stations in 2002 and 2003. However, the annual concentration of O3 recorded in Klang, Petaling Jaya, Kajang, Shah Alam, and Cheras stations from 2004 to 2009 is between 0.01 to 0.025 ppm. While air quality legislations have been introduced in Malaysia, policies and regulations being established by the government, their enforcement is still weak. Subsequently, air pollution is still a significant issue in Malaysia. Strong cooperation between the government, stakeholders and the local community is important to promote environmental sustainability and improve the community’s well-being. Keywords: Air pollution; Geographic Information System (GIS); Air Quality Policy; Malaysia

scholarly journals Survey of knowledge and attitude of people about air pollution in Tehran, Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ahmadfazeli ◽  
Zohreh Hesami ◽  
Ali Ghanbari ◽  
Mohammad Safari ◽  
Mohammad Sadegh Has-sanvand
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
The Government

Introduction: The importance of air quality and paying attention to what we breathe have been valuable always. So that air pollution is one of the key environmental issues in urban communities. Several studies show that the potential effects of air pollution on human health include increased mortality and changes in cardiovascular and respiratory functions.   Materials and methods: The population of this study was people in 22 dis-tricts of Tehran megacity. The questionnaires were placed at the municipality centers of 22 districts and randomly completed by people who came to the center. Questions included the importance of air pollution, the comparison of air quality with last year, the main sources of air pollution, the problems created by air pollution, the quality of informing system, as well as questions about their satisfaction about government’s actions on air pollution control plans. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 24.   Results: 84.14 % of the participants stated that air pollution is important to them and has a negative influence on their lives. Also, most of them were not satisfied with the measures taken and expected that actions would be better to reduce air pollution. 91.10 % of the participants considered cars as the main causes of air pollution. Also, 68.22 % of people believed that air pollution had a significant negative impact on their quality of life.   Conclusion: Most people are willing to live at a higher cost but a less pol-luted environment, while more of them are not well aware of their role in reducing air pollution. Moreover further education should be provided on the role of people in reducing air pollution. Additionally, the government must deal with air pollutants and take serious measures.

scholarly journals Impacts on Air Quality Index in the Industrial town of Asansol (West Bengal, India) due to COVID-19 lockdown

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajrupa Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Mining City ◽  
Industrial Town ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
Central Pollution Control Board ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Full Swing

Abstract The lockdown phase associated with COVID-19 pandemic initiated in full swing on and from 25th March, 2020 as preventive measures against the spreading of Corona virus. The objective of this study is to analyse the status of air quality of before and after lockdown in Asansol city which is second largest city of West Bengal, India and also known as “coal mining city”. Secondary data of five parameters like CO, SO2, NO2, PM2.5 and PM10 have been collected from Central Pollution Control Board, India. The result shows significant decrease of five parameters from 42.4 % (CO) to 63.4 % (NO2) due to close down of all industrial and transport activities during lockdown period. Based on different investigation a green belt development plan for this polluted city has been suggested for sustainable air quality management.

Chile's pollution problems require regulatory rethink

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Agenda ◽  
The Government

Subject Air pollution concerns. Significance After a decade in which air quality in Chilean cities has shown little progress and has, in some cases, deteriorated, a two-week smog crisis in Santiago has highlighted the need for a reinvigorated approach to the problem. This is particularly the case because the crisis was triggered by lack of rainfall, one of the expected effects of climate change in central Chile. Impacts According to the government, air pollution-related illnesses continue to cost between 670 million and 1.9 billion dollars annually. Air pollution is primarily a winter problem and tends to slip out of the public agenda during the rest of the year. In a context of slow economic growth, tighter industry emissions standards would face important business opposition.

SMOG IN BIALYSTOK IN POLAND. DATA OF PM 2.5 AND PM 10 PARTICULATE MATTER IN OUTDOOR AIR MEASURED IN 2017-2018 BY "THE LABORATORY OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT ARCHITECTURE AND RENEWABLE ENERGIES" AT FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE OF BIALYSTOK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Turecki
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Air Quality Index ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Energy Efficient Architecture ◽  
The Government ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

The differences between what in the winter 2017 was presented by the government measurement station of air quality, belonging to the Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection (CIEP) in Bialystok in Poland, and what the citizens could see and smell, were the reason for installing the monitoring system of PM10 and PM2.5 particulate matter, in the "Laboratory of Energy-efficient Architecture and Renewable Energies" (LEARE) at the Faculty of Architecture of Bialystok University of Technology. The measurements were compared with done by CIEP and the information of “The World Air Quality Index” (WAQI). This project started in 2007. It is proving a transparent Air Quality information for more than 70 countries, covering more than 9000 stations in 600 major cities. Since 16 Nov 2017, data was also downloaded from the new European Air Quality Index (EAQI) website, created by the European Environment Agency (EEA). From the beginning of 2018, data from the public-private service AIRLY was added to the study. They installed four online dust meters in Bialystok. The density of the dust measurement network was still insufficient, so the mobile measurements were started. Recently, the use of a drone equipped with a dust meter for tests at various heights has begun. Measurements denies EAQI presentation of so good air quality in Bialystok. The levels of PM2.5 and PM10 are often much higher than those presented by EAQI and CIEP. Government measuring station, located in the center of Bialystok, poorly reflect air pollution in peripheral districts.

scholarly journals Microbial Air Quality in Neighborhoods near Landfill Sites: Implications for Public Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Stephen T. Odonkor ◽  
Tahiru Mahami
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Landfill Sites ◽  
The Government ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Air pollution has been a major challenge worldwide particularly in the developing world. Improper waste disposal and management may result in microbial air pollution. In advanced countries, landfill sites are far from neighborhoods; however, the opposite is observed for landfill sites in the developing world. In Accra, some landfill sites are 100 meters from neighborhoods. The aim of this study was to assess the microbial air quality and associated environmental health hazards of landfill sites in selected districts in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. A random sampling method was employed to select sampling sites across the dry and wet seasons from landfills and their corresponding neighborhoods. Results obtained showed a higher total count (CFU/m3) of bacteria and fungi in the air at the landfill sites than neighborhoods. Statistically significant variation p<0.05 in bacterial and fungal concentrations over two seasons was found for both landfills and neighborhoods. However, bacterial concentrations were significantly higher than fungal concentrations p<0.05 across seasons for all locations. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the highest (15.6 %) occurring microbe at both landfill sites and neighborhoods. This was followed by Staphylococcus aureus (12.7%). Other bacteria and fungi of public health importance such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger were also isolated from the study sites, above the WHO recommended levels. In conclusion, the landfill waste disposal and its close proximity to neighborhoods as observed in this study pose a potential environmental health risk, with dire implications for public health and safety. The government must enact and implement policies to regulate waste management and to ensure public safety.

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