scholarly journals Are There Changes in Inequalities in Injuries? A Review of Evidence in the WHO European Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 653
Author(s):  
Mathilde Sengoelge ◽  
Merel Leithaus ◽  
Matthias Braubach ◽  
Lucie Laflamme
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequalities ◽  
European Region ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Country Specific

Decreases in injury rates globally and in Europe in the past decades, although encouraging, may mask previously reported social inequalities between and within countries that persist or even increase. European research on this issue has not been systematically reviewed, which is the aim of this article. Between and within-country studies from the WHO European Region that investigate changes in social inequalities in injuries over time or in recent decades were sought in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Of the 27 studies retained, seven were cross-country and 20 were country-specific. Twelve reported changes in inequalities over time and the remaining 15 shed light on other aspects of inequalities. A substantial downward trend in injuries is reported for all causes and cause-specific ones—alongside persisting inequalities between countries and, in a majority of studies, within countries. Studies investigate diverse questions in different population groups. Depending on the social measure and injury outcome considered, many report inequalities in injuries albeit to a varying degree. Despite the downward trends in risk levels, relative social inequalities in injuries remain a persisting public health issue in the European Region.

scholarly journals MAKING A CHANGE FROM BELOW

Traditiones ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-91
Author(s):  
Daša Ličen ◽  
Dan Podjed
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Social Transition ◽  
Environmental Movements ◽  
The Social ◽  
Grassroots Initiatives ◽  
Ethnographic Analysis ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Over Time

The authors look into two environmental movements that arose from grassroots initiatives. The first is Ecologists without Borders, the leading NGO promoting waste reduction in Slovenia. The second is Critical Mass, an international cyclists’ movement that seeks more public space for urban cyclists, which the authors studied in Belgrade and Budapest. Ethnographic analysis indicates that the two movements have had certain common experiences. The authors use these cases to investigate the social transition that such movements support and shed light on how they arise, function, and change over time.

scholarly journals Individual solutions to collective problems: the paradoxical treatment of environmental issues on Mexican and French YouTubers' videos

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (07) ◽  
pp. A07
Author(s):  
Cecilia Lartigue ◽  
Guillaume Carbou ◽  
Muriel Lefebvre
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Streaming Video ◽  
Environmental Discourse ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
The Social ◽  
Environmental Discourses ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Country Specific

The impact of human activity on our planet is undeniable. However, this matter of fact is not fully understandable without analyzing the narratives through which people make sense of it. In this study, we aim to describe the narratives present in environmental discourses of Mexican and French YouTubers' videos. This corpus is intended to show how environmental issues are framed in the ever-growing discursive arena of entertainment and “influencing” streaming video. We set out to perform a cross-country comparison, with the purpose of contributing to the discussion of whether environmental discourse is country-specific or shared by various nations and, possibly, even global. Our study contributes to the understanding of the social construction of the environment via these discourses. Our main result points to a paradoxical treatment of environmental issues: the YouTubers of our sample represent them as collectively induced problems, but seem to mainly believe that individual-based solutions would resolve them. More broadly, our study suggests a tendency to the individualization and, therefore, the depoliticization of environmental issues as well as a globalization of the environmental discourses in YouTubers' videos.

scholarly journals The social specificities of hostility toward vaccination against Covid-19 in France

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262192
Author(s):  
Nathalie Bajos ◽  
Alexis Spire ◽  
Léna Silberzan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
The Social ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Receive

Equal Access to the COVID-19 vaccine for all remains a major public health issue. The current study compared the prevalence of vaccination reluctance in general and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and social and health factors associated with intentions to receive the vaccine. A random socio-epidemiological population-based survey was conducted in France in November 2020, in which 85,855 adults participants were included in this study. We used logistic regressions to study being "not at all in favor" to vaccination in general, and being "certainly not" willing to get vaccinated against Covid-19. Our analysis highlighted a gendered reluctance toward vaccination in general but even more so regarding vaccination against COVID-19 (OR = 1.88 (95% CI: 1.79–1.97)). We also found that people at the bottom of the social hierarchy, in terms of level of education, financial resources, were more likely to refuse the COVID-19 vaccine (from OR = 1.22 (95% CI:1.10–1.35) for respondents without diploma to OR = 0.52 (95% CI:0.47–0.57) for High school +5 or more years level). People from the French overseas departments, immigrants and descendants of immigrants, were all more reluctant to the Covid-19 vaccine (first-generation Africa/Asia immigrants OR = 1.16 (95% CI:1.04–1.30)) versus OR = 2.19 (95% CI:1.96–2.43) for the majority population). Finally, our analysis showed that those who reported not trusting the government were more likely to be Covid-19 vaccine-reluctant (OR = 3.29 (95% CI: 3.13–3.45)). Specific campaigns should be thought beforehand to reach women and people at the bottom of the social hierarchy to avoid furthering social inequalities in terms of morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Social Inequalities in Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution: A Systematic Review in the WHO European Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Fairburn ◽  
Steffen Andreas Schüle ◽  
Stefanie Dreger ◽  
Lisa Karla Hilz ◽  
Gabriele Bolte
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
World Health ◽  
European Region ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Majority Population

Ambient air pollution is a long-standing and significant public health issue. The aim of this review is to systematically examine the peer-reviewed evidence on social inequalities and ambient air pollution in the World Health Organization European Region. Articles published between 2010 and 2017 were analyzed in the review. In total 31 articles were included in the review. There is good evidence from ecological studies that higher deprivation indices and low economic position are usually linked with higher levels of pollutants such as particulate matter (particulate matter under 2.5 and 10 microns in diameter, PM2.5, PM10) and oxides of nitrogen (e.g., NO2, and NOx). There is also evidence that ethnic minorities experience a mixed exposure in comparison to the majority population being sometimes higher and sometimes lower depending on the ethnic minority under consideration. The studies using data at the individual level in this review are mainly focused on pregnant women or new mothers, in these studies deprivation and ethnicity are more likely to be linked to higher exposures of poor air quality. Therefore, there is evidence in this review that the burden of higher pollutants falls disproportionally on different social groups.

Social work, participation, and poverty

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrien Boone ◽  
Griet Roets ◽  
Rudi Roose
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Work Participation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Nancy Fraser ◽  
Shed Light

Summary Although participatory social work approaches have been considered as a fruitful strategy, critical questions are raised in relation to the social justice aspirations of participatory social work with people in poverty. Inspired by the work of Nancy Fraser, we provide an in-depth insight in the complexities of supporting participatory parity in ‘Associations where People in Poverty Raise their Voice’. Combining semi-structured interviews and focus groups with practitioners in these organisations, we shed light on the complexities of the ‘how’, the ‘who’, and the ‘what’ of social justice that arise in such participatory practice. Findings Our findings suggest that even in practices that situate the principle of participatory parity at the heart of their fight for social justice, power asymmetries and social inequalities require attention. Exclusionary mechanisms become apparent in how practitioners try to support participatory parity of people in poverty in the different components in the organisation. When practitioners try to overcome these exclusionary effects, a sheer complexity and inescapable power struggles become visible. Moreover, the ambiguity of how practitioners attempt to empower people in poverty and enhance structural change leads to tensions between affirmative and transformative strategies in the fight against poverty. Applications Practitioners should be aware that they will never be able to resolve or escape inherent complexities in their attempts to work on a par with people in poverty. Nevertheless, it remains valuable to make continuous efforts to inform the public debate about the socially unjust nature of poverty and social inequality in our societies.

The determinants of lifelong learning incidence across European countries (evidence from EU-SILC dataset)

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Biagetti ◽  
Sergio Scicchitano
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Temporary Workers ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Country Specific

The aim of this paper is to explore the potential of EU-SILC data to deepen our understanding of the determinants of workers’ formal lifelong learning (LLL) incidence in Europe. To this purpose, a twofold procedure is adopted here: first, LLL incidence is estimated for the total number of men and women taken separately, regardless of their country of residence; second, the information on the country where they live is taken into account and 21 country-specific equations are computed. Again, this is made for both sexes. This procedure allows us to shed light on cross-country gender differences. In the whole sample, our results show that for both men and women formal LLL incidence is significantly higher among young, better-educated, part-time and temporary workers, and lower among those who changed their job in the preceding year, are employed in small firms and have low-skilled occupations. When the above-mentioned separate equations are estimated for each country and for both sexes, relevant results emerge in the case of Scandinavian countries. Those results seem to be consistent with the implementation of the well-known “flexicurity” policy.

scholarly journals Social Inequalities in Environmental Noise Exposure: A Review of Evidence in the WHO European Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Dreger ◽  
Steffen Schüle ◽  
Lisa Hilz ◽  
Gabriele Bolte
Keyword(s):  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Environmental Noise ◽  
European Region ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
The Social

Environmental noise is an important public health problem, being among the top environmental risks to health. The burden of noise exposure seems to be unequally distributed in societies. Up to now there is fragmentary evidence regarding which social groups are most affected. The aim of this review was to systematically assess published evidence on social inequalities in environmental noise exposure in the WHO European Region, taking different sociodemographic and socioeconomic dimensions as well as subjective and objective measures of environmental noise exposure into account. Articles published in English in a peer reviewed journal between 2010 and 2017 were included in the review. Eight studies were finally included in the review, four of them analysed aggregated data and four analysed individual data. Though results of social inequalities in noise exposures were mixed between and within studies, there was a trend that studies using indicators of material deprivation and deprivation indices showed higher environmental noise exposures in groups with lower socioeconomic position. More research on the social distribution of environmental noise exposure on a small spatial scale is needed, taking into account aspects of vulnerability and procedural justice.

scholarly journals Meritocracy a myth? A multilevel perspective of how social inequality accumulates through work

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 240-269
Author(s):  
Hans van Dijk ◽  
Dorien Kooij ◽  
Maria Karanika-Murray ◽  
Ans De Vos ◽  
Bertolt Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multilevel Perspective ◽  
Dyadic Network ◽  
Unequal Opportunities ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Over Time

Work plays a crucial role in rising social inequalities, which refer to unequal opportunities and rewards for different social groups. Whereas the conventional view of workplaces as meritocracies suggests that work is a conduit for social equality, we unveil the ways in which workplaces contribute to the accumulation of social inequality. In our cumulative social inequality in workplaces (CSI-W) model, we outline how initial differences in opportunities and rewards shape performance and/or subsequent opportunities and rewards, such that those who receive more initial opportunities and rewards tend to receive even more over time. These cumulative social inequality dynamics take place via nine different mechanisms spanning four different levels (individual, dyadic, network, and organizational). The CSI-W indicates that the mechanisms interact, such that the social inequality dynamics in workplaces tend to (a) exacerbate social inequalities over time, (b) legitimate social inequalities over time, and (c) manifest themselves through everyday occurrences and behaviors.

scholarly journals As Disaster Costs Rise, So Does Inequality

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 237802311881679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junia Howell ◽  
James R. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
The United States ◽  
County Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Damage Data ◽  
Over Time

Across the United States, communities are experiencing increases in the frequency and severity of natural hazards. The pervasiveness and upward trajectory of these damages are worrisome enough, but equally disconcerting are the social inequalities they can leave in their wake. To examine these inequalities, the authors linked county-level damage data to a random sample of American households. The authors visualize the pervasiveness of natural hazards as well as their influence on racial wealth gaps over time. The results show that natural hazard damages and how relief is provided afterward exacerbate the growing gap between white and black wealth.

Antun SAADEH’s Social-Nationalist Doctrine. Presenting and Reconstructing an Original Economic and Social Theory

2020 ◽  
pp. 492-504
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Extreme Right ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Strategies ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Nation And Nationalism

The rising of “extreme right” approaches in Europe, and the ascension of the “catastrophic nationalism” doctrines deem having a “new” nationalism approach inevitable; not to mention or disregard the “Wahhabism” approach to Islam. The social European collective memory about nation and nationalism tends to consider these subjects as diabolic. This article aims to shed light on an unconventional approach to these notions of “nation” and “nationalism”. The approach covered in this paper was elaborated by Antun Saadeh. In his view the nation is neither racial nor cultural but a single unity that “is formed over time” and emerged from the interaction of human elements “within and with the environment”. Economic theory and economic strategies derive organically from Saadeh’s general social philosophy of nationalism.

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